Timeline of sovereign nations

This page is under construction This timeline lists all European sovereign nations, both current and defunct, of the second and third millennia. Vassal states, unrecognized states or states with limited recognition throughout history are GeneRally not included unless they evolved at some point into a sovereign state. Territorial changes that don't consume whole nations or produce new ones are not considered.

Current Sovereign States / Decades	before	1000		1010		1020			1030			1040			1050	1060	1070		1080		1090			1100		1110	1120			1130		1140		1150		1160			1170	1180		1190	1200

United Kingdom	927 Kingdom of England
United Kingdom	843 Kingdom of Scotland
Ireland	Gaelic Ireland																											1171 Lordship of Ireland
Portugal	910 Kingdom of León																											1139 Kingdom of Portugal
Spain	910 Kingdom of León																											910 Kingdom of León
	County of Castile										1035 Kingdom of Castile
	756 Caliphate of Córdoba								1031 Taifas			1040 Almoravid Dynasty															1121 Almohad Dynasty
	824 Kingdom of Navarre										1035 Kingdom of Navarre
	824 Kingdom of Navarre										1035 Kingdom of Aragon																				1137 Kingdom of Aragon
	801 County of Barcelona																														1137 Kingdom of Aragon
Vatican City	752 Papal States
Italy	705 Saracens, Giudicati																											1185 Giudicati(Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Aragon)
	965 Emirate of Sicily(Fatimid Caliphate)																1071 County of Sicily													1130 Kingdom of Sicily	1137 Kingdom of Sicily				1155 Kingdom of Sicily
	851 Principality of Salerno												1042 Duchy of Apulia and Calabria
	571 Duchy of Benevento												1042 Duchy of Apulia and Calabria
	839 Principality of Capua							1027 Duchy of Naples
	839 Principality of Capua							1027 Principality of Capua
	697 Republic of Venice
	752 Papal States
	962 Holy Roman Empire									1032 Holy Roman Empire
	962 Holy Roman Empire
France	933 Kingdom of Burgundy
France	843 Kingdom of France
Belgium	962 Holy Roman Empire
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Switzerland
Liechtenstein
Germany
Germany
Poland	991 Civitas Schinesghe						1025 Kingdom of Poland
Austria	962 Holy Roman Empire
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Hungary	896 Principality of Hungary	1000 Kingdom of Hungary
Slovenia	962 Holy Roman Empire
Croatia	925 Kingdom of Croatia																								1102 Kingdom of Croatia (Hungary)
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Banate of Bosnia (Bulgaria)				1019 Banate of Bosnia (Byzantine Empire)															1082 Kingdom of Duklja					1102 Banate of Bosnia (Hungary)													1166 Banate of Bosnia (Byzantine Empire)
Serbia	Serb State				1018 Byzantine Empire													1077 Kingdom of Duklja							1102 Kingdom of Duklja
Montenegro	Serb State																	1077 Kingdom of Duklja							1102 Kingdom of Duklja
Macedonia	680 First Bulgarian Empire																	1077 Byzantine Empire																							1185 Byzantine Empire
Bulgaria																																									1185 Second Bulgarian Empire
Albania																																									1185 Byzantine Empire	1190 Principality of Arbër
Albania																																										1190 Byzantine Empire		1204 Despotate of Epirus
Greece	330 Byzantine Empire																																									1190 Byzantine Empire		1204 Latin Empire
Turkey	330 Byzantine Empire																	1077 Sultanate of Rûm
Romania	Pecheneg Khanates																				1091 Cuman Khanates
Romania
Moldova
Ukraine	880 Kievan Rus'	1001 Kievan Rus'																											1162 Kievan Rus'				1175 Principality of Pereyaslavl
Ukraine																													1162 Kievan Rus'				1175 Kievan Rus'				1199 Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
Belarus																													1162 Principality of Turov and Pinsk
																													1162 Principality of Turov and Pinsk
		1001 Principality of Polotsk
Russia		1001 Kievan Rus'		1010 Principality of Smolensk
				1010 Kievan Rus'			1024 Principality of Chernigov																1097 Principality of Chernigov
																							1097 Principality of Novogorod-Seversk
																							1097 Principality of Murom-Ryazan
							1024 Kievan Rus'															1093 Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal
							1024 Kievan Rus'															1093 Kievan Rus'									1136 Novgorod Republic
Lithuania	Baltic People		1009 Lithuanians
Latvia	Baltic People																											1180 Principality of Koknese
Latvia	Baltic People																											1180 Principality of Koknese
Estonia	Ancient Estonians
Estonia	Ancient Estonians
Finland	Vikings
Sweden	Vikings	1000 Kingdom of Sweden
Norway	872 Kingdom of Norway								1030 Kingdom of Denmark		1035 Kingdom of Norway
Denmark	980 Kingdom of Denmark										1035 Vikings			1047 Kingdom of Denmark
Iceland	930 Althing

Current Sovereign States / Decades	before
Current Sovereign States / Decades	before	1000		1010		1020			1030			1040			1050	1060	1070		1080		1090			1100		1110	1120			1130		1140		1150		1160			1170	1180		1190	1200

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Metadata captured: May 8, 2026 10:13 PM

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2nd millennium3rd millenniumAge of LibertyAlbaniaAlbania under ItalyAlbania under Nazi GermanyAlbanian KingdomAlbanian RepublicAllied-administered AustriaAllied-occupied GermanyAlmohad dynastyAlmoravid dynastyAlthingAncient EstoniaAreopagus of Eastern Continental GreeceAustriaAustria–HungaryAustrian EmpireAutonomous Republic of Northern EpirusBaltsBatavian RepublicBelarusBelarusian People’s RepublicBelgiumBerber peopleBosnia and HerzegovinaBourbon RestorationBulgariaByelorussian Soviet Socialist RepublicByzantine EmpireByzantium under the AngeloiByzantium under the PalaiologoiCaliphate of CórdobaCatholic MonarchsCisalpine RepublicCispadane RepublicCivitas SchinesgheCommonwealth of EnglandCommunist RomaniaConfederation of the RhineCounts of BarcelonaCounty of SicilyCrimean KhanateCroatiaCrown of AragonCrown of CastileCzech and Slovak Federal RepublicCzech RepublicCzechoslovak Republic (1918–1938)Czechoslovak Socialist RepublicDanish EstoniaDenmarkDenmark–NorwayDespotate of EpirusDuchy of BeneventoDuchy of Courland and SemigalliaDuchy of Courland and Semigallia (1918)Duchy of LivoniaDuchy of Modena and ReggioDuchy of NaplesDuchy of ParmaDuchy of WarsawDukljaDutch RepublicEarly Modern FranceEast GermanyEmirate of GranadaEmirate of SicilyEstoniaEuropeFatimid CaliphateFederal State of AustriaFinlandFirst Bulgarian EmpireFirst French EmpireFirst Hellenic RepublicFranceFrance in the Middle AgesFrench First RepublicFrench Fourth RepublicFrench Second RepublicFrench Third RepublicGaelic IrelandGerman AustriaGerman ConfederationGerman EmpireGermanyGiudicatiGolden HordeGrand Duchy of LithuaniaGrand Duchy of MoscowGrand Duchy of TuscanyGreeceHabsburg MonarchyHabsburg SpainHellenic State (1941–1944)Helvetic RepublicHereditary Kingdom of NorwayHistory of Bosnia and HerzegovinaHistory of DenmarkHistory of HungaryHistory of LithuaniaHistory of NorwayHistory of SerbiaHistory of SwedenHoly Roman EmpireHouse of HabsburgHungaryIcelandItalian Republic (Napoleonic)ItalyJuly MonarchyKalmar UnionKievan Rus'Kingdom of AlbaniaKingdom of AragonKingdom of BosniaKingdom of BulgariaKingdom of BurgundyKingdom of CastileKingdom of Croatia (medieval)Kingdom of DenmarkKingdom of EnglandKingdom of Galicia–VolhyniaKingdom of Great BritainKingdom of GreeceKingdom of HollandKingdom of HungaryKingdom of IrelandKingdom of Italy (1861–1946)Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)Kingdom of LeónKingdom of LithuaniaKingdom of Lithuania (1918)Kingdom of Lombardy–VenetiaKingdom of MontenegroKingdom of NaplesKingdom of NavarreKingdom of Poland (1025–1385)Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)Kingdom of PortugalKingdom of PrussiaKingdom of RomaniaKingdom of SardiniaKingdom of ScotlandKingdom of SerbiaKingdom of SicilyKingdom of the French (1791–1792)Kingdom of the Two SiciliesKingdom of YugoslaviaLatin EmpireLatviaLeague of LezhëLiechtensteinList of Counts and Dukes of Apulia and CalabriaList of sovereign statesList of states with limited recognitionLithuaniaLordship of IrelandLuxembourgMoldaviaMoldavian Democratic RepublicMoldovaMongol EmpireMontenegroMoravian SerbiaNazi GermanyNeapolitan Republic (Napoleonic)NetherlandsNorth German ConfederationNorwayNovgorod RepublicOber OstOld Swiss ConfederacyOttoman EmpirePapal StatesPechenegsPeople's Republic of BulgariaPeople's Republic of PolandPolandPolish–Lithuanian CommonwealthPortugalPrincedom of AlbaniaPrincipality of AlbaniaPrincipality of ArbërPrincipality of BulgariaPrincipality of CapuaPrincipality of ChernigovPrincipality of KoknesePrincipality of MontenegroPrincipality of Novogorod-SeverskPrincipality of PereyaslavlPrincipality of PolotskPrincipality of RyazanPrincipality of SalernoPrincipality of SerbiaPrincipality of SmolenskPrincipality of Turov and PinskPrincipality of ZetaPrisoner in the VaticanProvisional Government of AlbaniaProvisional Government of the French RepublicRaška (state)Republic of Bosnia and HerzegovinaRepublic of IrelandRepublic of MacedoniaRepublic of VeniceRepublica MoldovaRestoration (Switzerland)RomaniaRussiaRussian EmpireRussian Provisional GovernmentRussian Soviet Federative Socialist RepublicSecond Bulgarian EmpireSecond French EmpireSecond Hellenic RepublicSecond Polish RepublicSerbiaSerbia and MontenegroSerbian DespotateSerbian EmpireSlovak StateSlovakiaSloveniaSocialist Federal Republic of YugoslaviaSocialist People's Republic of AlbaniaSouthern NetherlandsSovereigntySoviet UnionSpainState of the Teutonic OrderSultanate of RûmSwedenSwedish EmpireSwedish EstoniaSwedish LivoniaSwiss Confederation (Napoleonic)SwitzerlandTaifaTerra MarianaThe ProtectorateTranspadane RepublicTsardom of RussiaTurkeyUkraineUkrainian People's RepublicUkrainian Soviet Socialist RepublicUnited KingdomUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandUnited Kingdom of PolandUnited Kingdom of the NetherlandsUnited PrincipalitiesUnited Provinces of Central ItalyUnited States of BelgiumVarangiansVassalVatican CityVichy FranceVladimir-SuzdalWallachiaWeimar RepublicWest GermanyWest Ukrainian People's Republic

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