List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy: X. The Organs of the senses and the Common integument

the organs of taste ()

peripheral gustatory or taste organs
- gustatory calyculi (taste-buds)
Structure of taste bud
- gustatory pore
- supporting cells
- gustatory cells

Structure of taste bud
- gustatory hair
Nerves of Taste
- chorda tympani
- glossopharyngeal nerve

the organ of smell ()

Organon Olfactorius; The Nose
External nose (Nasus Externus; Outer nose)
- apex
- base
- nares
- columna
- vibrissae
- dorsum nasi
- bridge
- ala nasi
Structure
- bony frame-work
- cartilaginous frame-work (cartilagines nasi)
- cartilage of the septum (cartilago septi nasi)

Structure
- sphenoidal process
- septum mobile nasi
- lateral cartilage (cartilago nasi lateralis; upper lateral cartilage)
- greater alar cartilage (cartilago alaris major; lower lateral cartilage)
- medial wall (crus mediale)
- septum mobile nasi
- lateral wall (crus laterale)
- lesser alar cartilages (cartilagines alares minores; sesamoid cartilages)

Nasal cavity (Cavum Nasi; Nasal fossa)
- nares
- choanae
- vestibule
- olfactory region
- respiratory region
Lateral wall
- nasal conchæ
- sphenoethmoidal recess
- superior meatus
- middle meatus

Lateral wall
- atrium
- bulla ethmoidalis
- hiatus semilunaris
- infundibulum
- ostium maxillare
- inferior meatus
Medial wall

Medial wall
- nasopalatine recess
- vomeronasal organ of Jacobson
- vomeronasal cartilage
- nasopalatine recess
Mucous membrane (membrana mucosa nasi)
- respiratory region
- olfactory region
- supporting cells
- olfactory cells
- olfactory hair
- glands of Bowman

Nasal aperture: veins of:
Nose: nerves of:
Nose: veins of:

Accessory sinuses of the nose (Sinus paranasales)
- Frontal sinuses (sinus frontales)
- Ethmoidal air cells (cellulæ ethmoidales)
- Sphenoidal sinuses (sinus sphenoidales)

Accessory sinuses of the nose (Sinus paranasales)
- Maxillary sinus (sinus maxillaris; antrum of Highmore)

the organ of sight ()

bulb of the eye (bulbus oculi; eyeball), or organ of sight
fascia bulbi

anterior pole
posterior pole
optic axis

Development of eye

optic vesicles
- optic stalk
- lens vesicle
- optic cup

optic vesicles
- choroidal fissure
- coloboma
retina
- pars ciliaris and pars iridica retinae
optic nerve
- optic chiasma
crystalline lens

crystalline lens
- capsula vasculosa lentis
- pupillary membrane
vitreous body

anterior chamber
sclera
choroid
eyelids
lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct
- nasoöptic furrow
- epithelium
- eyelashes

the tunics of the eye ()

Fibrous tunic (tunica fibrosa oculi)

Sclera
- spatium perichorioideale
- suprachorioidea
- lamina cribrosa sclerae
- venae vorticosae
- sclero-corneal junction
- sinus venosus sclerae (canal of Schlemm)

Sclera
- trabecular tissue (Trabecular meshwork)
Cornea

Cornea
- sulcus circularis corneae
- iridial angle or filtration angle
- scleral spur
- Structure of cornea
  - corneal epithelium (epithelium corneæ anterior layer)
  - substantia propria

Cornea
- Structure of cornea
  - corneal spaces
  - corneal corpuscle
  - anterior elastic lamina (lamina elastica anterior; anterior limiting layer; Bowman’s membrane)
  - posterior elastic lamina (lamina elastica posterior; membrane of Descemet; membrane of Demours)

Cornea
- Structure of cornea
  - spaces of the angle of the iris (spaces of Fontana)
  - pectinate ligament of the iris
  - endothelium of the anterior chamber (endothelium cameræ anterioris; posterior layer; corneal endothelium)

Vascular tunic (tunica vasculosa oculi)

Choroid (chorioidea)

Choroid (chorioidea)
- lamina suprachorioidea
- choroid proper
  - outer layer (lamina vasculosa)
    - venae vorticosae
  - inner layer (lamina choriocapillaris)
    - stratum intermedium
- Tapetum
Ciliary body (corpus ciliare)
- orbiculus ciliaris
- ciliary processes (processus ciliares)

Ciliary body (corpus ciliare)
- ciliary processes (processus ciliares)
  - pars ciliaris retinae
- Ciliaris muscle (m. ciliaris; Bowman's muscle)
  - meridional fibers and circular fibers

Iris
- pupil
- anterior chamber
- posterior chamber

Iris
- stroma (stroma iridis)
- muscular fibers
  - circular fibers
  - radiating fibers
- pars iridica retinae (uvea)

Iris
- membrana pupillaris

Retina (tunica interna)

ora serrata

pars ciliaris retinae and pars iridica retinae
rhodopsin or visual purple
macula lutea
fovea centralis
optic disk
colliculus nervi optici
blind spot
Structure of retina
- pigmented layer
Retina proper
- stratum opticum or layer of nerve fibers

Retina proper
- ganglionic layer
- inner plexiform layer
- inner nuclear layer or layer of inner granules
  - bipolar cells

Retina proper
- inner nuclear layer or layer of inner granules
  - rod bipolars
  - cone bipolars
  - horizontal cells
  - amacrine cells
- outer plexiform layer
- outer nuclear layer or layer of outer granules
  - rod granules
  - cone granules
- Layer of rods and cones (Jacob's membrane)
  - rods
  - cones
Supporting Frame-work of the Retina
- sustentacular fibers of Müller
- membrana limitans interna
- membrana limitans externa
Macula lutea and Fovea centralis

Macula lutea and Fovea centralis
- ora serrata
- pars ciliaris retinae
- pars iridica retinae or uvea
- arteria centralis retinae

the refracting media ()

Aqueous humor (humor aqueus)
Vitreous body (corpus vitreum)
- hyaloid fossa
- hyaloid membrane
- hyaloid canal
- zonula ciliaris (zonule of Zinn)
- suspensory ligament of the lens

Vitreous body (corpus vitreum)
- spatia zonularis (canal of Petit)
Crystalline lens (lens crystallina)
- capsule of the lens (capsula lentis)
- lens
- lens, poles of:

Crystalline lens (lens crystallina)
- radii lentis

the accessory organs of the eye ()

Ocular muscles (musculi oculi)
- Levator palpebræ superioris

Ocular muscles (musculi oculi)
- Recti
  - Rectus inferior
  - Rectus internus
  - Rectus lateralis
  - Rectus superior
  - Rectus medialis
- annulus tendineus communis
  - ligament of Zinn or tendon of Zinn
  - superior tendon of Lockwood
- Obliquus oculi superior (superior oblique)

Ocular muscles (musculi oculi)
- Obliquus oculi inferior (inferior oblique)

Ocular muscles (musculi oculi)
- Orbitalis muscle
Fascia bulb (capsule of Ténon)
- periscleral lymph space
- medial check ligament and lateral check ligament

Fascia bulb (capsule of Ténon)
- suspensory ligament of the eye
Orbital fascia
Eyebrows (supercilia)
Eyelids (palpebræ)
- palpebral fissure (rima palpebrarum)
- palpebral commissures or canthi
  - lateral palpebral commissure (commissura palpebrarum lateralis; external canthus)
  - medial palpebral commissure (commissura palpebrarum medialis; internal canthus)
- lacus lacrimalis
- lacrimal papilla
- punctum lacrimale
eyelashes (cilia)
- ciliary glands
Structure of the Eyelids
integument
subcutaneous areolar tissue
palpebral fibers of the Orbicularis oculi
tarsi (tarsal plates)
- superior tarsus (tarsus superior; superior tarsal plate)
- inferior tarsus (tarsus inferior; inferior tarsal plate)

orbital septum (septum orbitale; palpebral ligament)
Tarsal glands (glandulæ tarsales [Meibomi]; Meibomian glands)
conjunctiva

conjunctiva
- Palpebral portion (tunica conjunctiva palpebrarum)
  - plica semilunaris
  - superior fornix
  - inferior fornix
- Bulbar portion (tunica conjunctiva bulbi)

trachoma glands
caruncula lacrimalis
- lacus lacrimalis
- plica semilunaris
Lacrimal apparatus (apparatus lacrimalis)
- Lacrimal gland (glandula lacrimalis)
  - superior lacrimal gland
  - inferior lacrimal gland
- Lacrimal ducts (ductus lacrimalis; lacrimal canals)
  - puncta lacrimalia
  - papillae lacrimales
  - superior duct
  - inferior duct
  - ampullae
- Lacrimal sac (saccus lacrimalis)

Lacrimal apparatus (apparatus lacrimalis)
- Nasolacrimal duct (ductus nasolacrimalis; nasal duct)
  - plica lacrimalis (Hasneri)

the organ of hearing ()

ear
auditory plate
auditory pit

auditory vesicle

Labyrinth: development of:

middle ear
auditory tube
malleus
incus
stapes
external acoustic meatus
acoustic nerve
vestibular ganglion
spiral ganglion

the external ear ()

external ear
auricula (pinna)
- Helix
- auricular tubercle of Darwin
- antihelix

auricula (pinna)
- fossa triangularis
- concha
- crus
- cymba conchae
- cavum conchae
- tragus
- intertragic notch
- antitragus
- lobule
- eminentia conchae
- eminentia triangularis
Structure of auricula
- cartilage of the auricula (cartilago auriculæ; cartilage of the pinna)
  - spina helicis
  - cauda helicis
  - fissura antitragohelicina
  - sulcus antihelicis transversus
  - ponticulus

Structure of auricula
- ligaments of the auricula (ligamenti auricularia; ligaments of the pinna)
- Extrinsic muscles of external ear
  - Auricularis anterior (Attrahens aurem)
  - Auricularis superior (Attolens aurem)
  - Auricularis posterior (Retrahens aurem)
- Intrinsic muscles of external ear
  - Helicis major
  - Helicis minor
  - Tragicus
  - Antitragicus
  - Transversus auriculae
  - Obliquus auriculae

External acoustic meatus (meatus acusticus externus; external auditory canal or meatus)
- isthmus
- cartilaginous portion (meatus acusticus externus cartilagineus)
- osseous portion (meatus acusticus externus osseus)

External acoustic meatus (meatus acusticus externus; external auditory canal or meatus)
- tympanic sulcus
- annulus tympanicus
- ceruminous glands

the middle ear or tympanic cavity ()

middle ear

tympanic cavity proper
epitympanic recess
Tegmental wall or Roof (paries tegmentalis)
- tegmen tympani
Jugular wall or Floor (paries jugularis)
- fundus tympani
Membranous or Lateral wall (paries membranacea; outer wall)
- notch of Rivinus
- iter chordae posterius (apertura tympanica canaliculi chordae)
- petrotympanic fissure (fissura petrotympanica; Glaserian fissure)

Membranous or Lateral wall (paries membranacea; outer wall)
- iter chordae anterius (canal of Huguier)
Tympanic membrane (membrana tympani)
- fibrocartilaginous ring
- tympanic sulcus
- malleolar folds
- pars flaccida
- umbo
Structure
- cutaneous stratum
- fibrous stratum

Labyrinthic or Medial wall (paries labyrinthica; inner wall)
- fenestra vestibuli (fenestra ovalis)
- fenestra cochleæ (fenestra rotunda)
- secondary tympanic membrane

Labyrinthic or Medial wall (paries labyrinthica; inner wall)
- promontory (promontorium)
- prominence of the facial canal (prominentia canalis facialis; prominence of aqueduct of Fallopius)
mastoid or posterior wall (paries mastoidea)
- entrance to the antrum
- tympanic or mastoid antrum
- mastoid air cells
- pyramidal eminence (eminentia pyramidalis; pyramid)
- fossa incudis
Carotid or Anterior wall (paries carotica)
- septum canalis musculotubarii
- semicanal for the Tensor tympani (semicanalis m. tensoris tympani)
- septum canalis musculotubarii (processus cochleariformis)
auditory tube (tuba auditiva; Eustachian tube)

auditory tube (tuba auditiva; Eustachian tube)
- osseous portion (pars osseo tubae auditivae)
- cartilaginous portion (pars cartilaginea tubae auditivae)
  - torus tubarius
  - tube tonsil

the auditory ossicles ()

Malleus
- head (capitulum mallei)
- cog-tooth (spur of the malleus)
- neck (collum mallei)
- manubrium mallei (handle)
- anterior process (processus anterior; processus gracilis)
- lateral process (processus lateralis; processus brevis)

Incus
- body (corpus incudis)
- short crus (crus breve; short process)

Incus
- fossa incudis
- long crus (crus longum; long process)
- lenticular process

Stapes
- head (capitulum stapedis)
- crura (crus anterius and crus posterius)
- base (basis stapedis)

Ligaments of the Ossicles (ligamenta ossiculorum auditus)
- anterior ligament of the malleus (lig. mallei anterius)
- superior ligament of the malleus (lig. mallei superius)
- lateral ligament of the malleus (lig. mallei laterale; external ligament of the malleus)
- axis ligament
- posterior ligament of the incus (lig. incudis posterius)

Ligaments of the Ossicles
- superior ligament of the incus (lig. incudis superius)
- annular ligament of the base of the stapes (lig. annulare baseos stapedis)

Muscles of the Tympanic Cavity (musculi ossiculorum auditus)
- Tensor tympani
- Stapedius

Mucous membrane of the Tympanic cavity
pouch of Prussak
recesses of Troltsch

tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal (Jacobson's nerve)
superior and inferior caroticotympanic nerves
smaller superficial petrosal nerve
chorda tympani nerve

the internal ear or labyrinth ()

internal ear (labyrinth)
Osseous labyrinth (labyrinthus osseus)
Vestibule (vestibulum)

Vestibule (vestibulum)
- pyramid of the vestibule
- fossa cochlearis
- aquæductus vestibuli
- ductus endolymphaticus
- recessus ellipticus
- macula cribrosa superior

Bony semicircular canals (canales semicirculares ossei)
- ampulla
- superior semicircular canal (canalis semicircularis superior)
- crus commune
- posterior semicircular canal (canalis semicircularis posterior)
- lateral or horizontal canal (canalis semicircularis lateralis; external semicircular canal)

Cochlea
- apex of cochlea (cupula)
- osseous spiral lamina
- basilar membrane
- helicotrema
- modiolus

Cochlea
- spiral canal of the modiolus
- spiral ganglion (ganglion of Corti)
- cupula
- fenestra cochleae
- secondary tympanic membrane
- osseous spiral lamina (lamina spiralis ossea)
- scala vestibuli
- scala tympani
- hamulus laminæ spiralis
- helicotrema
- secondary spiral lamina
- vestibule fissure
- perilymph
Membranous labyrinth (labyrinthus membranaceus)
- perilymph
- endolymph
utricle (utriculus)
- macula acustica utriculi

utricle (utriculus)
- ductus utriculosaccularis
Saccule (sacculus)
- macula acustica sacculi
- ductus endolymphaticus
- saccus endolymphaticus
- canalis reuniens of Hensen
Semicircular ducts (ductus semicirculares; membranous semicircular canals)
- septum transversum
Structure
- supporting cells
- hair cells

Structure
- otoconia
Ductus cochlearis (membranous cochlea; scala media)
basilar membrane
vestibular membrane
ductus cochlearis (scala media)
lagena
canalis reuniens of Hensen
spiral ligament
basilar crest

sulcus spiralis externus
stria vascularis
limbus laminæ spiralis
sulcus spiralis internus
vestibular lip
tympanic lip
auditory teeth

Basilar membrane
- zona arcuata
- zona pectinata
- vas spirale
spiral organ of Corti
- pillars of Corti

spiral organ of Corti
- tunnel of Corti
- reticular membrane
rods of Corti
- phalangeal processes
Hair cells

Hair cells
- cells of Deiters
- phalangeal process
- supporting cells of Hensen
- cells of Claudius
- space of Nuel
- reticular lamina
- phalanges
- tectorial membrane
- Hensen's stripe
- acoustic nerve (n. acusticus; auditory nerve or nerve of hearing)
- vestibular nerve (n. vestibularis)
- vestibular ganglion (ganglion of Scarpa)

peripheral terminations of nerves of general sensations ()

Free nerve-endings
- tactile disks

special end-organs

special end-organs
- end-bulbs of Krause
- genital corpuscles
- articular end-bulbs
- tactile corpuscles of Grandry
- Pacinian corpuscles

special end-organs
- corpuscles of Herbst
- corpuscles of Golgi and Mazzoni
- tactile corpuscles of Wagner and Meissner
- Corpuscles of Ruffini
- neurotendinous spindles (organs of Golgi)
- neuromuscular spindles

the common integument ()

Integumentum Commune; Skin, integument
epidermis, cuticle or scarf skin

four layers
- stratum mucosum (mucous layer)
  - stratum germinativum

four layers
- stratum granulosum
- stratum lucidum
- stratum corneum (horny layer)
  - keratin
melanin

Corium, Cutis vera, Dermis, or True skin
- reticular layer (stratum reticulare; deep layer)
- papillary layer (stratum papillare; superficial layer; corpus papillare of the corium)
  - papillæ

Development
- vernix caseosa
- lanugo
Appendages of the Skin
- nails (ungues)
  - free edge
  - nail matrix
  - lunula of nails

Appendages of the Skin
- nails (ungues)
  - eponychium
- Hairs (pili)
  - shaft or scapus
  - root of the hair (radix pili)
  - hair bulb
  - hair follicle
  - outer coat or dermic coat

Appendages of the Skin
- Hairs (pili)
  - inner coat or epidermic coat
    - outer root sheath and inner root sheath
    - Huxley's layer
    - Henle's layer

Appendages of the Skin
- Hairs (pili)
  - shaft of the hair (scapus pili)
  - cortex
  - cuticle
  - Arrectores pilorum
- Sebaceous glands (glandulæ sebaceæ)
  - sebum cutaneum

Appendages of the Skin
- Sudoriferous glands or Sweat glands (glandulæ sudoriferæ)
  - areolar tissue
  - epithelium

Main Menu

List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy: X. The Organs of the senses and the Common integument

the organs of taste ()

the organ of smell ()

the organ of sight ()

Development of eye

the tunics of the eye ()

Fibrous tunic (tunica fibrosa oculi)

Vascular tunic (tunica vasculosa oculi)

Retina (tunica interna)

the refracting media ()

the accessory organs of the eye ()

the organ of hearing ()

the external ear ()

the middle ear or tympanic cavity ()

the auditory ossicles ()

the internal ear or labyrinth ()

peripheral terminations of nerves of general sensations ()

the common integument ()

See also