List of nicknames of European Royalty and Nobility: M-O

M - N - O

M

• "The Macedonian": (Fr. le Macedonien, Ger. der Makedonier, Hun. Makedon, It. il Macedone, Pol. Macedończyk, Por. o Macedônio, Sp. el Macedonio): Basil I the Macedonian
• "The Macedonian Madman", "Macedonia's Madman": Alexander the Great 1
• "The Machiavellian" (Sp. la Maquiavelica): Elisabeth of Parma
• "The Mad", "Madman", "Insane", "Crazy" (Cat. la Boja, Cze. Šílená, Dut. de Waanzinnige, Fr. la Folle, la Folie, l'Insense, Ger. der Tolle, die Wahnsinnige, Ir. Dasachtach, It. la Pazza, Pol. Szalona, Por. a Louca, Sp. el Loco, la Loca, Swe. den Vansinniga, Tur. Deli):
  • Charles VI of France
  • Donald II of Scotland
  • Eudes I, Count of Vermandois 2
  • Guyonne of Laval (1524–1567), Countess of Laval & Montfort
  • Haakon the Crazy
  • Ibrahim I 3
  • Jeanne of Retz (d.1341), daughter of Gerard III, Lord of Retz
  • Jeanne Chabot (d.1341), wife of Foulques of Laval, Lord of Chaloyau
  • John II, Count of Rietberg, 1541–1562
  • Joanna of Castile
  • Ludwig II of Bavaria
  • Maurice, Viscount Fermoy
  • Mary I of Portugal
  • Mustafa I 4
  • Odo, Count of Valois (d.c.1085)
  • Paul I of Russia
• "The Mad Cavalier": Prince Rupert of the Rhine 5 6 7
• "The Mad Count": William I, Duke of Bavaria
• "The Mad Empress": Charlotte of Belgium 8
• "The Mad Halberstadter" (Ger. der Tolle Halberstadter): Christian the Younger of Brunswick, Bishop of Halberstadt
• "The Mad Man of the North", "Madman of Europe": Charles XII of Sweden 9 10
• "The Mad Prince":
  • Alexander Mavrocordato, Prince of Moldavia
  • Charles VI of France
• "The Magician", "Sorcerer": Vseslav of Polotsk 11
• "The Magister": John of Saxony
• "The Maggot from Italy's Tomb": Catherine de' Medici 12 13
• "The Magnificent" (Dan. den Storslåede, Fr. le Magnifique, le Superbe, Geo. Brtskinvale, Ger. der Prachtige, It. il Magnifico, Por. o Magnifico, Sp. el Magnifico, Swe. den Magnifike, Tur. Muhteshem):
  • Alfonso III of Aragon
  • Coel Godhebog, Lord of Colchester 14
  • Dan of Denmark
  • Edmund of England
  • George V of Georgia
  • Henry II of Castile
  • Henry Algernon Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland
  • Humphrey II, Lord of Bohun (1057–1129) 15
  • John, Duke of Berry
  • John V of Portugal
  • Leopold IV of Austria (Habsburg)
  • Lorenzo de' Medici 16
  • Nikolaus Esterházy 17 18 <!--"...During the prince's lifetime, his palace became famous throughout Europe as a center of art, culture and extravagant living. The modern symphony was invented here by Franz Joseph Haydn, the prince's court composer for nearly 30 years. Prince Nikolaus, nicknamed the Magnificent, built his palace in a spot originally called Esterhaza, after his family...."

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• • Orlando of Fidenza
  • Orlando Pallavicini (c1393-1457) 19
  • Otto I, Duke of Saxony
  • Otto II, Duke of Luneburg, 1464–1471
  • Robert the Magnificent
  • Simeon of Russia
  • Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria
  • Suleiman the Magnificent
  • Thomas de Berkeley, 5th Baron Berkeley (1351-1418)
  • Toirdhealbhach Ua Briain 20
• "The Maid of Norway" (Fr. la Belle Pucelle de Norvege, Ger. Jungfrau von Norwegen, Nor. Jomfruen av Norge): Margaret of Scotland 21
• "The Maiden" (Fr. le Vierge, Ger. die Jungfrau, Pol. Dziewica, Sp. el Virgen): Malcolm IV of Scotland
• "The Maiden Queen": Elizabeth I of England
• "The Make Peace": Maurice Fitz Harding (1120–1189/90)
• "The Man of the Bible": István Tisza 22
• "The Man of Blood": Charles I of England
• "The Man of Blood and Iron": Otto von Bismarck
• "The Man of December": Napoleon III of France 23
• "The Man of Gentlest Blood and Most Powerful Amongst the English": Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford 24
• "The Man of the People" (It. Popolesco):
  • Charles James Fox 25
  • Giuliano di Lorenzo de' Medici 26
• "The Man of Destiny": Napoleon I of France
• "The Man of Sedan", "Sedantaire": Napoleon III of France 27
• "The Man of Silence": Napoleon III of France 28
• "The Man of the Third Republic": Napoleon III of France
• "The Man Who Won the War": Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig 29
• "The Marchioness": (Fr. la Marquise): Maria of Montferrat
• "The Marian": Henry I of Reuss (d.1240)
• "The Marsh King: Alfred the Great 30
• "The Marshal" (Fr. le Mareschal):
  • Gosifrid de Bec
  • Hervey II de Keith (d.1196), 1st Earl Marshal of Scotland
  • Milo, Baron of Venoix
  • Rollo de Bec
• "The Marshal of the Army of God, and of Holy Church": Robert Fitzwalter 31
• "The Marshal With Thirty-Five Wounds" (Fr. le Maréchal aux Trente-Cinq Blessures): Nicolas Oudinot
• "The Martyr", "Martyrized"
• (Arm., Nahadag, Dut. de Martelaar, Fr. le Martyr, Ger. der Märtyrer, Nor. Martyren, Pol. Męczennik, Por. o Martir, o Martirizado, Sp. el Martir, Swe. Martyren, Tur. Shehid):
  • Artschil, King of Georgia, 736–786
  • Carlos I of Portugal
  • Edmund the Martyr 32 33
  • Edward the Martyr
  • Ketevan the Martyr
  • Luarsab II of Kartli
  • Saint Ludmila
  • Magnus I, 22nd Earl of Orkney (d.1115)
  • Murad I 34
  • Nicholas II of Russia
  • Osman II 35
  • Smbat I
  • Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster
• "The Martyr King" (Fr. le Roi Martyr): Louis XVI of France
• "The Martyr of Orkney: Magnus Erlendsson, Earl of Orkney 36
• "The Marvelous" (Fr. le Marveilleux):
  • Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
  • Henry I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, 1279–1322
• "The Mary Stuart of Italy": Joan I of Naples 37
• "The Master" (Tur. Hudavendigar):
  • Mehmed I 38
  • Murad I
• "The Master of the World" (Tur. Cihandar): Selim III 39
• "The May King" (It. il Re de Maggio): Umberto II of Italy
• "The May Queen": Marie-José of Belgium 40
• "The Meat-Eater", "The Man-Eater": Ashot Bagratuni (d.826) 41
• "The Memorable" (Dan. Emune, Fr. le Memorable, It. il Fanciullo): Eric II of Denmark
• "The Merchant" (Kyoband): Bjorn Haraldsson, King of Norway (Vestfold) (892–927)
• "The Merchant's Daughter": Catherine de' Medici 42
• "The Merciful" (Arm. Voghormadz, Ger. der Barmherzige, der Gnädige):
  • Ashot III 43 44
  • John II, Duke of Cleves (1458–1521)
  • John VI of Portugal
• "The Merciless", "Pitiless" (Dut. Zonder Genade, Ger. Ohne Gnade):
  • John of Holland, Count of Ostrevant (d.1302)45
  • John III, Duke of Bavaria-Straubing 46
• "The Merry", "Jolly", "Cheerful", "Happy" (Dut. de Vrolijke, Fr. le Joyeux, Ger. der Frohliche):
  • Amadeus IX of Savoy
  • Otto of Austria
• "The Merry Monarch", "Merrie Monarche" (Sp. el Alegre Monarca): Charles II of England
• "The Messalina of Germany: Barbara of Celje
• "The Middle", "Intermediate":
  • Pippin of Herstal
  • William II, Landgrave of Hesse
• "The Mighty", "Powerful" (Dut. de Sterke, Fr. le Puissant, Ger. der Starke, Ser. Silni):
  • Haakon Sigurdsson
  • Ragnhild of Jutland, wife of Harald I of Norway and mother of Eric I of Norway
  • Ragnvald Eysteinsson
  • Sigurd I, 1st Earl of Orkney, 879–890 47
  • Stefan Dusan
  • Thorfinn 48
• "The Mighty Advisor": Henry II of Reuss-Lobenstein (1482–1500)
• "The Mild", "Meek", "Gentle", "Benign" (Cze. Mírný, Fr. le Doux, le Placide, Ger. der Milde,der Sanftmutige, Nor.Kyrre, Por.o Manso,o Placido, Sp.el Apacible,el Benigno''):
  • Alfonso IV of Aragon
  • Duncan I of Scotland
  • Eberhard III, Count of Wurttemberg
  • Ferdinand I of Austria
  • Frederick, Landgrave of Thuringia
  • Frederick II, Elector of Saxony
  • Frederick II of Saxe-Wittenberg
  • Halfdan the Mild
  • Henry the Mild, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
  • Ivan II of Russia 49
  • Johan of Plön
  • John II, Duke of Bavaria
  • John III, Count of Holstein-Kiel
  • Louis IV, Count Palatine of the Rhine
  • Louis V of Thuringia (1172–1190)
  • Olaf of Denmark
  • Olav III of Norway
  • Otto III, Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen, 1318–1344
• "The Milk Maiden": Malcolm IV of Scotland
• "The Milksop": John II of Pskov (1436)
• "The Minor" (Geo.Mtsire}: Giorgi VI the Minor
• "The Miracle Child", "Miracle Baby" (Fr. l'Enfant du Miracle): Henri, comte de Chambord 50
• "The Miracle King": Bela IV of Hungary
• "The Missed King" (Por. Rei Saudade, Sp. el Rey Perdido):
  • Edgar Ætheling
  • Manuel II of Portugal
• "The Modern Alexander": Napoleon I of France
• "The Modern Antigone": Marie Therese Charlotte of France, Duchess of Angouleme (1778–1851)51
• "The Modern Bayard": (Fr. le Bayard Moderne): Nicolas Oudinot
• "The Modern Hannibal": Napoleon I of France
• "The Modern Joan of Arc": Maria Sofia of Bavaria 52
• "The Modern Messalina": Catherine II of Russia
• "The Modern Tullia": Mary II of England 53
• "The Money Bag" (Fr. a la Bourse, l'Escarcelle, Sacs d'Ecus, Ger. der Geldsack, Rus. Kalita): Ivan I of Russia
• "The Moneyer": Ranulf, ancestor of the Vesci Barons
• "The Monk" (Fr. le Moine, Ger. der Monch, It. il Monaco, Rum. Calugarul, Por. o Monge, Sp. el Monje):
  • Alfonso IV of Leon
  • Ezzelino II da Romano (d.1223), podestà of Treviso and Vicenza
  • Fortun of Pamplona
  • Hugh II of Vermandois (1127–1212)
  • Ramiro II of Aragon
  • Vlad III, Prince of Wallachia, 1523–1529
  • Vlad Calugarul
  • Vlad VI, Prince of Wallachia, 1521
• "The Monstrous Regiment of Women": Catherine de' Medici 54
• "The Moon King": Ludwig II of Bavaria 55
• "The Moor" (Dut. de Moor, Fr. le Maure, Ger. der Dunkle, It. il Moro, Por. o Mouro, Sp. el More):
  • Abu 'abd Allah Muhammad XII, Boabdil, King of Granada
  • Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence
  • Ludovico Sforza
• "The Most Dangerous Woman in Europe": Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon 56
• "The Most Faithful King" (Ger. Allergläubigster König, Por. Sua Majestade Fidelíssima, Sp. el Rey Más Piadoso): John V of Portugal
• "The Most Fortunate": Manuel I of Trebizond
• "The Most Learned Fool in Christendom": James I of England 57
• "The Most Wounded Marshal": Nicolas Oudinot 58
• "The Mother of All Rebellions": Grace O'Malley59
• "Mother of the Empire": Victoria of the United Kingdom 60
• "The Mother of Germany": Maria Theresa of Austria 61
• "The Mother of Kings": Elisabeth of Austria (d. 1505) 62
• "The Mother of the People": (Ger. Landesmutter): Maria Theresa of Austria 63
• "The Mother of Wales" (Wel. Mam Cymru): Katheryn of Berain
• "The Mother of the Wounded" (Rum. Mama Ranitilor): Elisabeth of Wied 64
• "The Mother-in-Law of the Balkans": Marie of Edinburgh 65
• "The Mountain-High" (Nor. Heidum-Hæri): Ragnvald the Mountain-High
• "The Mouth" (Fr. Bronck, Nor. Munn): Sigurd II of Norway
• "The Mute" (Rus. Nyemiy):
  • Mstislav, Prince of Lutsk (d.1227) 66
  • Yuri V, Grand Prince of Suzdal 67
• "The Mystic" (Tur. Sufi): Bayezid II
• "Maccabeus" (Fr. le Macchabee):
  • Rudolf
  • Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester
• "Mad Christian" (Ger. Tolle Christian): Christian the Younger of Brunswick, Bishop of Halberstadt
• "Mad [...]": Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnel
• "Mad King Ludwig": Ludwig II of Bavaria 68
• "Mad Madge of Newcastle": Margaret Cavendish 69 70
• "Madam l'Ancienne": Prince Eugene of Savoy 71
• "Madame Carwell": Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth 72
• "Madame Deficit": Marie Antoinette 73
• "Madame East": Mary of Modena
• "Madame la Cardinale": Isabeau de Hauteville, wife of Odet de Coligny 74 75
• "Madame l'Etiquette": Anne Claudine Louise d'Arpajon (1729-1794), wife of Philippe-Louis-Marc-Antoine de Noailles, 1st duc de Mouchy 76
• "Madame Infanta": Louise-Elisabeth de Bourbon
• "Madame Mère" (Lat. Mater Regum): Maria Letizia Ramolino Bonaparte 77
• "Madame Snake" (Fr. Madame le Serpente):
  • Catherine de' Medici 78
• "Madame Veto": Marie Antoinette
• "Mademoiselle de Montpensier": Louise Elisabeth of Orléans
• "Mafonache": William FitzRobert (1116–1183), natural grandson of Henry I of England
• "Maid Marion": Matilda Fitzwalter 79
• "Mairgread Gerroid": Margaret FitzGerald 80, wife of Piers Butler, 1st Earl of Ormonde
• "Malagrida": William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne 81
• "Malfara": William I, Viscount of Orthez (d.1115)
• "Malgauli", "Maugalin": Ponce VI, Count of Ampurias, 1313-1322 82
• "Malnipote": Obizzo, Margrave, c1108 83
• "Maracdes" (Emerald): Hugh IX of Lusignan
• "Marechal d'Ancre": Concino Concini 84
• "Maréchal de Saxe" (Eng. Marshal of Saxony, Ger. Marschall von Sachsen, Swe. Marskalken av Sachsen): Maurice, comte de Saxe
• "Marquis au Court Nez": William of Gellone
• "Mariatocos": Constans (d.310), grandson of Constantius Chlorus
• "Markezopoulos": Guy Pallavicini, Lord of Bodonitsa (1204-1237)85
• "Mars Without a Venus": Prince Eugene of Savoy 86
• "Marshal de Boussac": Jean de Brosse 87
• "Marshal de Saint Sévère": Jean de la Brosse, Marshal of France 88
• "Marshal Forward" (Ger. Marschall Vorwärts): Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher
• "Master": Henry Somerset, 10th Duke of Beaufort
• "Master Apis Lapis": Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford 89
• "Mastue": Ingobrand, 1st Lord of Pierrepont (c.1025–c.1090)
• "Mathusalem": Nikolaus II Priscus Radziwiłł 90
• "Maute": Frederick I, Count of Zollern (1055–1125)
• "Maximus" (Fr. Maxime): George II, Despot of Serbia, 1485–1496
  • May-pole": Ehrengard Melusine von der Schulenburg, Duchess of Kendal and Munster
• "Melek-Ric" (King Richard): Richard I of England
• "Menditarrat": Sancho III, Duke of Gascony, 872–893
• "Menved" (Man's word): Eric VI of Denmark
• "Menshoy" (the Smaller): Andrey, Prince of Vologda (1452–1481)
• "Meschin":
  • Robert le Bruce, 2nd Lord of Annandale (1124–1196)
  • William d'Aubigny
• "Mesdames Tantes":
  • Marie Adélaïde, Madame Quatrième
  • Victoire of France
• "met de Bellen": John II of Egmond (1385–1451)
• "Mikli": Haakon Sigurdsson
• "Milutin" (Fr. Miloutine): Stefan Milutin
• "Minette": Henrietta Anne Stuart
• "Mirabeau Barrel" (Fr. Mirabeau Tonneau): André Boniface Louis de Riqueti, vicomte de Mirabeau
• "Mirobulius Tassalinus": Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski
• "Mr. Caliban": William III of England
• "Mr. Crofts": James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth 91
• "Mr. Glucksburg": Constantine II of Greece
• "Mrs. Brown": Victoria of the United Kingdom
• "Mrs. Bull: Anne of Great Britain
• "Mrs. Freeman": Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough 92
• "Mrs. Melbourne": Victoria of the United Kingdom
• "Mrs. Morley": Anne of Great Britain
• "mit dem Goldenen Wagen": Henry of Altdorf
• "mit der Hafte": Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria
• "Moll Walbee": Maud de St. Valery, a.k.a. Matilda of Hay, daughter of Thomas St. Valery, Lord of Bergavenny93 94
• "Monacensis": John IV, Duke of Bavaria
• "Monkey Face": Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 95
• "M'sieur Boele Crevee", "Burst-belly": Henry de Lacy, 3rd Earl of Lincoln (1251–1311)96 97
• "Monsieur": Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
• "Monsieur de Culfier": Auguste Marmont
• "Monsieur le Coadjuteur": Jean François Paul de Gondi, cardinal de Retz
• "Monsieur le Duc": Louis III, Prince of Conde
• "Monsicur le Prince": Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé
• "Montrabel": Pierre II, Lord of Preuilly (d.1173)
• "Mor": John, 4th Earl of Lennox
• "Morsel": Olaf I of the Isle of Man
• "Mountbottom": Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma
• "Mrnjavcevic": Vukashin Mrnjavčević of Serbia
• "Mucil": Ethelred Mucil, Earl of Mercia (d.912)
• "Muley Hacén": Muley Abul Hassan
• "Mülli": Frederick V, Lord of Schalksburg and Molheim (d.1408)
• "Muradi" (Tur.):
  • Murad II 98
  • Murad IV 99
• "Murrough of the Burnings": Murrough O'Brien, 1st Earl of Inchiquin 100 101
• "My English Mare": Mary Boleyn
• "Mytzes": Ivan Asen III

N

• "The Nail": Andrew III of Pskov (1480)
• "The Natternberger": Henry XV, Duke of Bavaria
• "The Navigator", "Seafarer" (Dan. Søfareren, Dut. de Zeevaarder, Fr. le Navigateur, Ger. der Seefahrer, Hun. Tengerész, It. il Navigatore, Pol. Żeglarz, Por. o Navegador, Sp. el Navegante, Swe. Sjöfararen):
  • Henry of Portugal 102
  • Prince Henry of the Netherlands
  • Thomas Cavendish
• "The Navigator Prince" (Fr. le Prince Navigateur): Albert I, Prince of Monaco 103
• "The Nero of the North": Christian II 104
• "The Nestor of the Army" (Fr. le Nestor des Armées): François Christophe Kellermann
• "The Nestor of Europe": Leopold I of Belgium 105 106
• "The New Solomon": Robert of Naples 107
• "The Nightmare of Europe": Napoleon I of France 108
• "The Nimble" (Holti): Vladimir II, Prince of Great Novgorod (1020–1052), son of Vladimir I of Kiev
• "The Nine Worthies": 109
  • Alexander the Great
  • Charlemagne
  • Godfrey of Bouillon
  • Julius Caesar
• "The Nine-Day Queen" (Ger. Neuntagekönigin, Sp.la Reina de los Nueve Dias): Lady Jane Grey
• "The Noble" (Fr. le Noble, Ger. der Edelmuetige, der Edle, Por. o Nobre, Sp. el Noble, Swe. Niodagarsdrottningen):
  • Alfonso V of Leon
  • Alfonso VIII of Castile
  • Charles III of Navarre
  • Eberhard I, Count of Wurttemberg, 1279–1325
  • Frederick III of Germany
  • Magnus I of Norway
  • Sancho IV of Navarre
  • Otto II Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria
  • Philip I, Margrave of Namur, 1195–1212
  • Philip III of Navarre
  • Robert IV, Lord of Annandale (11290–1245)
• "The Noble and Good": Alfonso VIII of Castile
• "The Noble Knight": Prince Eugene of Savoy 110 111
• "The Noble Lady": Orielda of Tirel, wife of Fulk de Tirel, son of Ralph, Lord of Tirel and Poix
• "The Noisy" (Glumra): Eystein Ivarsson
• "The North Wind": Ercole d'Este I 112
• "The Northern Harlot": Elizabeth of Russia 113
• "The Nurse of All Rebellions": Grace O'Malley 114
• "na Adh": Duncan Campbell, 1st Lord Campbell (1374–1453)
• "na-Cill-Baghain": Dermod Mor, King of Desmond, 1151–1185
• "na-Suidaine": Connor O'Brien, King of Thomond, 1242–1248
• "Napoleon the Small", "Little Napoleon" (Fr. Napoleon le Petit): Napoleon III of France
• "Napoglione Paille au Nez" (Napoleon Straw-in-the-Nose): Napoleon I of France
• "Nemanya":
• "Nestor":
  • Joachim I of Brandenburg
  • Ulrich III, Duke of Mecklenburg, 1592–1603
• "Nevski,Nevsky" (de la Neva): Alexander Nevsky
• "Newgate": Augustus Barry (1773-1818) 115
• "Niemoy": Vasili of Pskov (d.1538) 116
• "Niger": Fernando Munoz of Castile (d.after 870) 117
• "Nogotj": Dmitri of Suzdal (fl 1375) 118
• "Nosey": Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
• "Noszek": Premislas I, Duke of Silesia-Teschen, 1358–1410
• "Novalis": Friedrich von Hardenberg 119
• "Nust": Dietrich V, Count of Cleves, 1193–1260
• "Nyemiy": Mstislav, Prince of Peresopnik (d.1226)

O

• "The Oath-Taker": Henry III of Reuss (1337–1378)
• "The Oberhofrichter": Henry of Reuss-Plauen (1271–1303)
• "The Observer": Thomas de Berkeley (1170–1243) 120
• "The Oceanographer" (Por. o Oceanografo): Carlos I of Portugal
• "The Occidental Turk": Charles I, Duke of Burgundy 121
• "The Ogre": Napoleon I of France
• "The Ogre of Abergavenny: William de Braose, 4th Lord Bramber 122 123
• "The Old", "Aged", "Ancient"
• (Cat. el Vell, Dan./Gae. Hen, Dut. de Oude, Fr. l'Ancien, le Vieil, le Viel, le Vielle, le Vieux, Ger. der Alte, It. il Vechhio, Nor. den Gamle, Pol. Stary, Por. o Velho, Rum. cel Batran, Sp. el Anciano, el Viejo, Swe. den Aldre, den Gamle):
  • Albert I, Lord of Carpi, 1450–1464
  • Albert II of Werdenberg-Heiligenberg (1327–1370)
  • Alonzo Telez I, Lord of Meneses (d.1230)
  • Andronicus II
  • Arnold III of Guînes (c.1225–?)
  • Arnulf I, Count of Flanders
  • Aun
  • Barisan of Ibelin
  • Basarab Laiota cel Batran
  • Bernard I, Viscount of Girona, 1328
  • Boguslaw V, Duke of Pomerania, 1368–1373
  • Boso I, Count of La Marche and Perigord, 958–988
  • Boso III of Turin(d.855), Count of Italy
  • Centule III, Viscount of Bearn, 984–1004
  • Centule IV, Viscount of Bearn, 1012–1058
  • Coel Hen 124
  • Clotaire I
  • Conrad III of Silesia (1354/59–1412/13)
  • Cosimo de' Medici
  • Dumnagual I of Alt Clut
  • Emund of Sweden
  • Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Kalenberg, 1495–1540
  • Eustace II, Lord of Fiennes
  • Feodor, Prince of Beloozero, ?–1380
  • Francis, Lord of Padua (d.1393)
  • Frederick I, Count of Weimar, 1304–1365
  • [[Geoffrey of Sable (d.997)
  • Geoffrey III, Lord of Joinville (d.1188)
  • George V, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg 1620–1623
  • Godfrey I, Count of Verdun
  • Gorm of Denmark
  • Guigues I, Count of Albon (1001–1070)
  • Guigues V of Albon (d.1063)
  • Haakon IV of Norway
  • Halfdan the Old
  • Harald the Old
  • Henry, Count of Zutphen (d.1118)
  • Henry III, Duke of Limburg (1145–1221)
  • Henry IV, Count of Orlamunde, 1290–1344
  • Hugh VIII of Lusignan, Count of La Marche
  • Humphrey I, Lord of Bohun 125
  • Igor of Kiev
  • John of Ibelin, the Old Lord of Beirut
  • John VI of Nassau-Dillenburg
  • Llywarch Hen 126
  • Manasses IV, [[Count of Rethel, 1262–1272
  • Meinhard II, Count of Gorizia (1160–1231)
  • Michael II, Prince of [[Beloozero, 1432–1486
  • Mieszko III the Old
  • Mircea cel Batran
  • Mstislav III of Kiev
  • Mstislav III of Kiev
  • Natasha the Old, wife of Yuri V of Suzdal 127
  • Pippin of Landen
  • Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona
  • Raymond VI of Toulouse
  • Riderch Hen, a.k.a. Rhydderch Hael, King of Strathclyde, 580–612
  • Robert I, Duke of Burgundy
  • Roger I, Count of Comminges (945–1011)
  • Rudolph II, Count of Habsburg (d.1232)
  • Sigismund I of Poland 128
  • Sverker I of Sweden
  • Theodore II of Beloozero (13??–1380)
  • Waleran, Count of Arlon (d.1078)
  • William I, Duke of Luneburg (1184–1213)
  • William I of Nassau-Dillenburg
  • William V of Montferrat
• "The Old Countess": Catherine FitzGerald, Countess of Desmond 129
• "The Old Dessauer": Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau 130
• "The Old Fox": Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov 131 132
  • Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat 133
• "The Old Knight" (Sp. el Caballero Viejo): Juan Ruiz de Molina 134
• "The Old Lord of Beirut" (Fr. le Vieux Seigneur de Beyrouth: John of Ibelin, the Old Lord of Beirut
• "The Old Mastiff of Verucchio (It. Mastin Vecchio da Verucchio): Malatesta da Verucchio 135
• "The Old Pretender" (Sp. el Viejo Pretendiente): James Francis Edward Stuart
• "The Old Queen" (Por. a Rainha Velha): Leonor of Viseu
• "The Olympic Champion: Nero 136 137
• "The One-Eyed" (Fr. le Borgne, Ger. der Einaugige, Gr. Monophthalmus, Pol. Jednooki, Rum. cel Orb, cel Chior, Rus. Kosoï, Sp. el Tuerto):
  • Albert I, King of Germany
  • Antigonus I Monophthalmus
  • Bogdan III cel Orb
  • Bohemund IV of Antioch
  • Ekbert, Count in Amber and Derlinggau (935–994)
  • Fortun of Pamplona
  • John II, Count of Holstein-Kiel
  • Otto III (VII), Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen, 1394–1435/37
  • Pedro Lopez de Ayala (d.1450), 1st Lord of Fuensalida 138
  • Renaut I of Bar
  • Vasili V, Prince of Zvenigorod (1420–1448)
  • William, Landgrave of Thuringia, 1349–1382; Margrave of Meissen, 1349–1407
• "The One-Eyed Traitor": Malatestino Malatesta, Lord of Rimini, 1312–1317
• "The Only Man of the Habsburg Dynasty": Maria Theresa of Austria 139
• "The Only Man in Prussia": Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 140
• "The Only True King of His Century": Louis II of Bavaria 141 142
• "The Oppressed", "The Hard-Pressed" (Fr. l'Assailli, Ger. der Bedrangte): Dietrich, Margrave of Meissen 143
• "The One of the Little Dagger": (Fr. Celui avec Une Petite Dague, Sp. El del Punyalet): Peter IV of Aragon
• "The Orator": Harald Haakonsson
• "The Ordained", "Anointed" (Gae. Oirdnide): Aed Oirdnide mac Neill
• "The Orphan":
  • Henry I of Reuss (1250–1295)
  • Mikołaj Krzysztof "the Orphan" Radziwiłł
• "The Orphan of the Temple": Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte of France 144
• "The Orthodox": Theodosios III 145
• "The Outlaw": Edgar Ætheling
• "The Outspoken", "Candid", "Frank" (Ger. der Freimütige): Louis IV (1438–1471), Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
• "The Owl" (Fr. le Hibou): Laurent, marquis de Gouvion Saint-Cyr

• "O Bom Golas" (Fr. le Bonhomme Golas): Francis I of France
• "O Eborense", "O de Evora": Henry of Portugal
• "O Encoberto": Sebastian of Portugal
• "O Freirático" John V of Portugal
• "O Grande Golas" (Fr. le Grand Golas): Francis I of France
• "O Infante": Garcia II of Castile
• "O Infante das Sete Partidas": Peter, Duke of Coimbra
• "of Acre":
  • Alphonso of Brienne 146
  • Joan of Acre
  • Yolande of Jerusalem
• "of Alsace":
  • Gerard, Duke of Lorraine
  • Margaret I, Countess of Flanders
  • Philip, Count of Flanders
  • Thierry, Count of Flanders
• "of Anjou":
  • Philip V of Spain
  • Robert of Naples
• "of Antwerp": Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence
• "of Arles]":
  • Hugh of Arles
  • Lothair II of Italy
• "of Armagh" (Ardmacha): Domnall IV ua Neill, High King of Ireland, 956–980
• "of Arnstein": Gunther (d.1284), Count of Lindow-Ruppin
• "of Athens": Irene (empress) 147
• "of Avesnes": John I, Count of Holland
• "of Ballenstadt": Albert I of Brandenburg
• "of Bavaria":
  • Christopher of Bavaria
  • Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut
  • Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor
• "of Belleme": Robert of Bellême, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury
• "of Bethune": Robert III of Flanders
• "of Bitsch": Frederick I, Duke of Lorraine
• "of Bolingbroke": Henry IV of England 148
• "of Bouillon": Godfrey of Bouillon
• "of Bourq": Baldwin II of Jerusalem
• "of Brienne":
  • John of Brienne
  • John I of Brienne, Count of Eu
  • John II of Brienne, Count of Eu
  • Raoul I of Brienne, Count of Eu
  • Raoul II of Brienne, Count of Eu
  • Yolande of Jerusalem, Queen of Jerusalem
• "of Brotherton": Thomas, Earl of Norfolk
• "of Brunswick": Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
• "of Cambrai" (de Cambrai): Raoul I, Count of Valois and Vexin
• "of Caen": Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester
• "of Canosa": Matilda of Tuscany
• "of Carinthia": Arnulf of Carinthia
• "of Castile": Alfonso X of Castile
• "of Conisburgh": Richard (1376–1415), Earl of Cambridge
• "of Constantinople":
  • Baldwin I of Constantinople
  • Jeanne, Countess of Flanders
  • Margaret II, Countess of Flanders
• "of Cornwall": Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall 149
• "of Crécy": Louis I of Flanders 150
• "of Dammartin": Matilda II of Boulogne
• "of Dampierre": Guy of Dampierre
• "of Dreux":
  • Joan, Duchess of Brittany
  • John IV, Duke of Brittany
  • Peter I, Duke of Brittany
• "of Durazzo (Hun. Durazzoi): Charles III of Naples
• "of Egmond":
  • Arnold of Egmond, Duke of Guelders
  • Charles of Egmond, Duke of Guelders
• "of Flanders": Thomas II of Savoy
• "of Gaunt": John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster
• "of Grosmont": Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster 151
• "of Halberstadt": Christian the Younger of Brunswick, Bishop of Halberstadt
• "of Harcourt": Margaret of Beaumont (1156–1236), Countess of Winchester
• "of Herstal": Pippin of Herstal
• "of Holland:
  • William II, Count of Holland, King of Germany
  • William III of England
• "of Issoudun (Fr. d'Issoudun):
  • Raoul of Lusignan (1160-1217), Count of Eu 152 153
  • Raoul of Lusignan (d.1246), Count of Eu 154
• "of Ivrea":
  • Arduin of Italy
  • Berengar II of Italy
• "of Jerusalem":
  • Baldwin II, Count of Hainaut
  • Fulk of Jerusalem
• "of Lancaster":
  • Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster
  • Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster
• "of Landen": Pippin of Landen
• "of Langley": Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York 155
• "of Lecce": Tancred of Sicily
• "of Lille" (Dut. van Rijsel):
  • Baldwin V, Count of Flanders
• "of Lochawe": Duncan Campbell (1374–1453), 1st Lord Campbell
• "of Loon": Louis II, Count of Loon
• "of Lorraine": Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
• "of Luxemburg":
  • Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor 156
  • Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor
  • Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
  • Wenceslaus, King of the Romans
• "of Male":
  • Louis II of Flanders
  • Margaret III, Countess of Flanders
• "of Monmouth": Henry V of England
• "of Mons":
  • Hermann, Count of Hainaut, 1040–1049
  • Regnier IV of Mons
• "of Montet" (Fr. du Montet): Archambaud III, Sire de Bourbon
• "of Montferrat": Conrad of Montferrat
• "of Montgomery": Robert of Bellême, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury
• "of Moravia": Jobst of Moravia
• "of Moylinny": Muirchertach O'Neill, King of Ulster
• "of Nassau": Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg
• "of Nablus: Balian of Ibelin
• "of Narbonne": William of Gellone
• "of Nevers": Louis I of Flanders
• "of Orange": William of Gellone
• "of the Palatinate": Rupert of Germany
• "of Penthievre": Joan, Duchess of Brittany
• "of Pomerania": Eric of Pomerania
• "of Prague": Agnes of Bohemia 157
• "of Ramla": Balian of Ibelin
• "of Rheinfelden": Rudolf von Rheinfeld
• "of Rouen": Edward IV of England
• "of Rouvre": Philip I, Duke of Burgundy
• "of Saint-Gilles": Raymond VII of Toulouse
• "of Salm": Hermann of Salm, anti-German King
• "of Schwarzburg": Günther von Schwarzburg
• "of Septimania": Bernat of Septimania
• "of the Shannon" (Gae. Sinna, Sionna): Flann Sinna 158
• "of Supplinburg": Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor 159
• "of Swabia": Philip of Swabia
• "of the Tower": Joanna of England, Queen of Scotland
• "of Trastamara": Henry II of Castile
• "of Tunbridge": Richard fitz Gilbert, 1st Earl of Clare (1024–1090)
• "of the Veluwe": Theodoric of Guelders
• "of Windsor": Henry VI of England
• "of Winchester":
  • Henry III of England
  • William, Duke of Luneburg (d.1213)
• "of Woodstock":
  • Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent
  • Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester
• "of the Ague" (Uairidhnach): Aedh III of Ailech, 15th King of Ireland, 604–612
• "of the Battle": Kenneth MacKenzie, 8th Lord of Kintail (1454–1491)
• "of the Battle Axe (na Tuiaghe): Gillean, 1st Chief of MacLean (1210–1300)
• "of the Battle Axes" (na Tuagh): Henry FitzGerald, 12th Earl of Kildare 160
• "of the Battle of Aonagh": Brian O'Brien, King of Thomond, 1369–1399
• "of the Battle of Nenagh" (Catha-an-Aonaigh): Brian, King of Thomond, 1366–1399
• "of the Black Bands" (Fr. des Bandes Noires, It. della Bande Nere): Giovanni dalle Bande Nere
• "of the Bridge": Murdoch MacCoinneach, 6th Lord of Kintail (1370–1416)
• "of the Broom": Redmond Burke (d.1595)
• "of the Burnings": Murrough O'Brien, 1st Earl of Inchiquin
• "of the Canine Teeth" (Fr. Crocs-de-Chien, Longues-Dents, Wel. Ysgithrog, Ysgrithtrog): Brochwel Ysgithrog, King of Powys
• "of the Castle of Chomhaid" (an-Chomhaid): Teige, King of Thomond, 1459–1460
• "of the Cave":
  • Gillebride Mac Gilledomnan
  • Murdoch MacCoinneach, 5th Lord of Kintail (1340–1375)
• "of the Cross": Helena of Constantinople
• "of the Empty Pocket, Purse" (Fr. a la Bourse-Vide, Ger. mit der leeren Tasche): Frederick IV of Austria
• "of the Fiery Face": James II of Scotland 161
• "of the Foreigners" (ba-nGall): Dermot MacMurrough
• "of the Glens": Tahg O'Neill, King of Ulster
• "of God's Grace": Henry of [[Reuss-Plauen (1243–1254)
• "of the Heads" (na-gCeann): Ulick na gCeann Burke, 1st Earl of Clanricarde
• "of the Hundred Battles" (Fr. aux Cent Batailles, Gae. Cétchathach):
  • Conn of the Hundred Battles, High King of Ireland
• "of the Iron Belt": James IV of Scotland
• "of the Long Hair": Albert III of Austria (1348–1395)
• "of the Long Hands" (Fr. aux Longues Mains, Rus. Dolgoruky): Yuri Dolgoruki
• "of the Leather Cloaks" (na Cochasll Craicenn): Muircheartach, King of Ailech, 938–943
• "of the Monastery"w (na Manistreach): Teige, King of Desmond, 1391–1440
• "of the Nine Hostages" (Noiggiallach): Niall of the Nine Hostages
• "of the Nose": Kenneth MacCoinneach, 4th Lord of Kintail (1300–1346)
• "of the Planting" (na-Curragh): Donal Mor, King of Desmond, 1185–1206
• "of the Red Hand" (Lawgoch): Owain Lawgoch
• "of the Scarlet Robe" (Wel. Beisrud): Padarn ap Tegid
• "of the Showers" (Frasach, Frossach): Niall Frossach
• "of the Silken Beard", "Silkbeard", "Silky Beard" (Silki-skegg): Sigtrygg Silkbeard
• "of the Three Towers": Tadhg, King of Connacht
• "of the Tributes" (Boruma): Brian Boru 162
• "of the Triumphs": Turlogh Mor O'Brien, King of Thomond (d.1306)
• "of the Tusk" (Fr. Crocs-de-Chien, Longues-Dents, Wel. Ysgithrog, Ysgrithtrog): Brochwel Ysgithrog
• "of the Twisted Beard" (Fr. Barbe-Torte): Alan II, Duke of Brittany
• "of the White-Chariot": Cynan Garwyn 163
• "of the Wide Embrace": Halfdan, son of Ragnar Lodbrok
• "of the Wine" (an Fina): Richard Ulick de Burgh (d.1423), 1st Lord of Clanricarde
• "of the White Hands" (Sp. de los Blancas Manos): Garcia I of Castile
• "of the Whittle" (Gae. na Cuirce): Kenneth MacKenzie (1529–1568), 10th Lord of Kintail
• "of the Woods": Conor (Conchobar) O'Neill, King of Ulster
• "Og": Angus MacDonald of Islay (1270–1330), Prince of the Isles
• "Ohnegnade": John III, Duke of Bavaria-Straubing
• "Old Bona Fide": Louis XIV of France 164
• "Old Coppernose": Henry VIII of England 165
• "Old Fritz" (Fr. le Vieux Fritz): Frederick II of Prussia
• "Old Hookey": Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington 166
• "Old King Cole" (Coel): Coel Hen 167
• "Old Mr. Misfortune": James Francis Edward Stuart
• "Old Nobs": George III of England
• "Old Noll": Oliver Cromwell
• "Old Nosey": Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
• "Old Q": William Douglas, 4th Duke of Queensberry 168 169
• "Old Rag": John Campbell, 3rd Earl of Breadalbane and Holland 170
• "Old Rowley": Charles II of England
• "One with Good Memory", "The Prince of Good Memory" (Fr. le Prince de Bonne Mémoire, Ger. der Verteidiger, It. Quello di Buona Memoria, Por. o de Boa Memoria, Sp. El de Buena Memória): John I of Portugal
• "Optimo Imperator": Sancho I of Pamplona
• "Optimus Princeps": Hadrian
• "Oriflam": Gauthier I, Count of Vexin and Amiens
• "Osmomysl" (Eight-Minded): Yaroslav Osmomysl

• "Ostergtag": Frederick VIII (d.1333), Count of Zollern
• "Our Comly Kynge": Edward III of England
• "Our Last Leader" (Wel. Ein Llyw Olaf): Llywelyn the Last
• "Our Fritz": Wilhelm II of Germany
• "Our Own Turk": Francis I of France 171
• "Our Smiling Prince: Edward VIII of the United Kingdom
• "Our Val": Princess Michael of Kent