List of countries in 1901

Lists of Countries by Year: List of countries in 1900 – Events of 1901 – List of countries in 1902

Independent states

A

• - Empire of Abyssinia
• - Principality of Andorra
• - Argentine Republic
• Australia - Commonwealth of Australia (Independent dominion in the British Empire.)
  Established on January 1 from the colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia.
• - Austro-Hungarian Empire

B

• - Kingdom of Belgium
• - Republic of Bolivia
• - Republic of the United States of Brazil

C

• Canada - Dominion of Canada (Independent dominion in the British Empire)
• - Republic of Chile
• - Empire of the Great Qing
• - Republic of Colombia
• - Congo Free State (Privately owned by King Leopold II of Belgium)
• Costa Rica - Republic of Costa Rica
• Crete - Cretan State

D

• - Kingdom of Denmark
• Dhala - Emirate of Dhala
• - Dominican Republic

E

• - Republic of Ecuador
• El Salvador - Republic of El Salvador

F

• - French Republic

G

• - German Empire
• - Kingdom of Greece
• - Republic of Guatemala

H

• Ha'il - Emirate of Ha'il
• - Republic of Haiti
• - Republic of Honduras

I

• - Kingdom of Italy

J

• - Empire of Japan

K

• Kano - Emirate of Kano
• - Korean Empire

L

• - Republic of Liberia
• Liechtenstein - Principality of Liechtenstein
• - Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

M

• - United Mexican States
• - Principality of Monaco
• Montenegro - Principality of Montenegro
• Morocco - Kingdom of Morocco

N

• - Kingdom of The Netherlands.
• Nicaragua - Republic of Nicaragua

O

• - Republic of the Orange Free State
• - Sublime Ottoman State
• Ouaddai - Ouaddai Empire

P

• Paraguay - Republic of Paraguay
• Persia - Persian Empire
• - Peruvian Republic
• - Kingdom of Portugal

R

• - Kingdom of Rumania
• - Russian Empire

S

• - Most Serene Republic of San Marino
• - Kingdom of Serbia
• - Kingdom of Siam
• Sokoto - Sokoto Caliphate
• South Africa - South African Republic
• - Kingdom of Spain
• Sweden-Norway (Personal Union)
  • - Kingdom of Norway (Foreign affairs controlled by Sweden)
  • - Kingdom of Sweden
• - Swiss Confederation

U

• - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
• - United States of America
• - Oriental Republic of Uruguay

V

• Venezuela - United States of Venezuela

Unrecognized States

• Aro – Aro Confederacy (Nominally within Southern Nigeria)
• Aceh - Sultanate of Aceh (In rebellion against the Dutch East Indies)
• – Republic of Goust (Claimed recognition by France and Spain in 1648)
• Lado – Lado District
• Philippines - Philippine Republic (In opposition to the American occupation of the Philippines)
  Dissolved on April 1.
• Swaziland - Kingdom of Swaziland (Nominally a protectorate of South Africa, but not actually under its administration.)
• Tavolara – Kingdom of Tavolara (Recognized only by Italy)

Dependent Territories

Australia

• Norfolk Island (External territory)
  Transferred from the United Kingdom on January 1.

China

• Inner Mongolia (Under Chinese suzerainty, but not integrated into China proper)
• Manchuria (Under Chinese suzerainty, but not integrated into China proper)
• Outer Mongolia (Under Chinese suzerainty, but not integrated into China proper)
• Tibet (Under Chinese suzerainty, but not integrated into China proper)

Denmark

• Danish West Indies (Colony)
• Greenland (Colony)
• (Dependency)

France

• Algeria (Colonial possession)
• Comoros (Protectorate)
  • - Sultanate of Anjouan (Protectorate)
  • Grand Comore (Colony)
  • Mayotte (Colony)
  • Mohéli - Mohéli Sultanate (Protectorate)
• Chad - Military Territory of Chad (Colony)
• Dahomey (Colony)
• French Congo (Colony)
• (Colony)
• French India - French Establishments in India (Colony)
• French Indochina (Federation of colonies)
  • Annam (Protectorate)
  • (Protectorate)
  • Cochinchina (Protectorate)
  • Laos (Protectorate)
  • Tonkin (Protectorate)
• French Somaliland (Colony)
• French West Africa (Federation of colonies)
  • French Guinea (Colony)
  • French Sudan (Colony)
  • Ivory Coast (Colony)
  • Senegal (Colony)
• (Colony)
• Madagascar (Colony)
• (Colony)
• (Colony)
• Oceania Settlements in Oceania (Colony)
• (Colony)
• (Colony)
• Tunisia (Protectorate)
• Wallis and Futuna - Protectorate of the Wallis and Futuna Islands (Protectorate)

Germany

• German East Africa (Colony)
• German New Guinea (Protectorate)
• German Marshall Islands (Protectorate)
• German North-West Africa (Colony)
  Renamed Kamerun on January 1
• German Samoa (Protectorate)
• German South-West Africa (Colony)
• Kamerun (Colony)
  From January 1, previously known as German North-West Africa
• Togoland (Protectorate)

Italy

• Eritrea (Colony)
• Italian Somaliland (Colony)

Japan

• Taiwan (Colony)

Mexico

• Clipperton Island (Uninhabited territory claimed by France)

Netherlands

• Curaçao - Curaçao and Dependencies (Possession)
• (Colony)
• Dutch Guiana (Colony)

Ottoman Empire

• Principality of Bulgaria (Autonomous Vassal)
• Samos - Principality of Samos (Autonomous Vassal)

Portugal

• Cape Verde (Crown colony)
• Kongo - Kingdom of Kongo (Vassal)
• Macau (Colony)
• Portuguese East Africa (Crown colony)
• Portuguese Guinea (Colony)
• Portuguese India - Portuguese State of India (Colony)
• Portuguese Timor (Colony)
• Portuguese West Africa (Crown colony)
• São João Baptista de Ajudá - Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá (Colony)
• São Tomé and Príncipe (Crown colony)

Russia

• Bukhara - Emirate of Bukhara (Protectorate)
• Finland - Grand Duchy of Finland (Autonomous grand duchy)
• Khiva - Khanate of Khiva (Protectorate)
• - Kingdom of Poland (Vassal and puppet state)

Siam

• Kedah - State of Kedah, Abode of Peace (Vassal)
• Kelantan - State of Kedah, Blissful Abode (Vassal)
• Pattani - Kingdom of Pattani (Vassal)
• - State of Perlis, Land of Dreams (Vassal)
• Terengganu - State of Terengganu, Abode of Faith (Vassal)

Spain

• Annobón (Colony)
• Fernando Pó (Colony)
• Río Muni (Colony)
• Spanish North Africa (Possession)
• Río de Oro (Possession)
• Spanish West Africa (Possession)

United Kingdom

A

• Aden Protectorate (Informal collection of protectorates)
  • Alawi - Alawi Sheikhdom (Protectorate)
  • Aqrabi - Aqrabi Sheikdom (Protectorate)
  • Audhali - Audhali Sultanate (Protectorate)
  • Beihan - Emirate of Beihan (Protectorate)
  • Dathina - Dathina Sheikdom (Protectorate)
  • Fadhli - Fadhli Sultanate (Protectorate)
  • Haushabi - Haushabi Sultanate (Protectorate)
  • Kathiri - Kathiri State of Seiyun in Hadhramaut (Protectorate)
  • Lahej - Sultanate of Lahej (Protectorate)
  • Lower Aulaqi - Lower Aulaqi Sultanate (Protectorate)
  • Lower Yafa - Sultanate of Lower Yafa (Protectorate)
  • Mahra - Mahra Sultanate of Qishn and Socotra (Protectorate)
  • Qu'aiti - Qu'aiti State in Hadhramaut (Protectorate)
  • Shaib - Sheikhdom of Shaib (Protectorate)
  • Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom (Protectorate)
  • Upper Aulaqi Sultanate (Protectorate)
  • Upper Yafa (Protectorate)
  • Wahidi Balhaf - Wahidi Sultanate of Balhaf (Protectorate)
  • Wahidi Bir Ali - Wahidi Wilayah of Bir Ali (Protectorate)
  • Wahidi Haban - Wahidi Sultanate of Haban (Protectorate)
• - Emirate of Afghanistan (Protectorate)
• Ascension Island (Possession)

B

• Bahama Islands (Crown colony)
• Bahrain (Protectorate)
• (Crown Colony)
• Basutoland (Protectorate)
• Bechuanaland - Bechuanaland Protectorate (Protectorate)
  • Tati Concessions Land (Colony)
• Bermuda (Crown Colony)
• Bhutan (State with ambiguous level of sovereignty, foreign affairs controlled by the United Kingdom)
• British Central Africa - British Central Africa Protectorate (Protectorate)
• British East Africa - British East Africa Protectorate (Protectorate)
• British Guiana (Colony)
• (Crown Colony)
• British Leeward Islands - Federal Colony of the Leeward Islands (Federation of colonies)
  • Antigua (Colony)
  • British Virgin Islands (Colony)
  • Dominica (Colony)
  • Montserrat (Colony)
  • Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (Colony)
• British New Guinea (Colony)
• British Solomon Islands - British Solomon Islands Protectorate (Protectorate)
• British Somaliland (Colony)
• British Windward Islands - Federal Colony of the Windward Islands (Federation of colonies)
  • Saint Lucia (Colony)
  • Saint Vincent (Colony)
  • Grenada (Colony)
• Brunei - State of Brunei, Abode of Peace (Protectorate)

C

• Cape Colony (Self-governing colony)
• Ceylon (Crown colony)
• Cook Islands - Cook Islands Federation (Protectorate)
  Transferred to New Zealand on June 11.

F

• Falkland Islands (Colony)
• Federated Malay States (Protectorate)
• Fiji (Colony)

G

• Gambia (Crown colony)
  • Gambia Colony (Colony)
  • Gambia Protectorate (Protectorate)
• Gibraltar (Crown colony)
• Gilbert and Ellice Islands (Protectorate)
• (Colony)

  • Ashanti - Ashanti Confederacy (British possession within Gold Coast, not yet an official protectorate.)

  • Northern Territories - Gold Coast Northern Territories Military Protectorate (Protectorate)
• Graham Land (Uninhabited region of Antarctica)
• Guernsey - Bailiwick of Guernsey (Crown Dependency)
  • Alderney (Dependency)
  • Sark (Dependency)

H

• (Colony)

I

• India - Indian Empire (Colony containing hundreds of indirectly ruled princely states, the highest ranking of which are listed below)

{|

|

• Alwar (Princely state)
• Bahawalpur (Princely state)
• Banswara (Princely state)
• Baroda (Princely state)
• Bharatpur (Princely state)
• Bhopal (Princely state)
• Bikaner (Princely state)
• Bundi (Princely state)
• Cochin (Princely state)
• Datia (Princely state)
• Dewas Junior (Princely state)
• Dewas Senior (Princely state)
• Dhar (Princely state)
• Dholpur (Princely state)

|

• Dungarpur (Princely state)
• Gwalior (Princely state)
• Hyderabad and Berar (Princely state)
• Idar (Princely state)
• Indore (Princely state)
• Jaipur (Princely state)
• Jaisalmer (Princely state)
• Jammu and Kashmir (Princely state)
• Jodhpur (Princely state)
• Kalat (Princely state)
• Karauli (Princely state)
• Khayrpur (Princely state)
• Kishangarh (Princely state)
• Kolhapur (Princely state)

|

• Kotah (Princely state)
• Kutch (Princely state)
• Mewar (Princely state)
• Mysore (Princely state)
• Orchha (Princely state)
• Patiala (Princely state)
• Pratapgarh (Princely state)
• Rewa (Princely state)
• Rampur (Princely state)
• Sikkim (Princely state)
• Tonk (Princely state)
• Travancore (Princely state)
• Sirohi (Princely state)

|}

• Isle of Man (Crown dependency)

J

• Jamaica (Colony)
• - Bailiwick of Jersey (Crown dependecy)
• - State of Johor, Abode of Dignity (Protectorate)

L

• Lagos (Colony)
  • Lagos Colony (Colony)
  • Lagos Protectorate (Protectorate)

M

• Maldive Islands - Sultanate of the Maldive Islands (Protectorate)
• Malta (Colony)
• Mashonaland (Protectorate)
  United with Matabeleland on January 24 to form Southern Rhodesia.
• Matabeleland (Protectorate)
  United with Mashonaland on January 24 to form Southern Rhodesia.
• Mauritius (Colony)
• Muscat and Oman Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (Protectorate)

N

• Natal - Colony of Natal (Self governing Colony)
• Nepal - Kingdom of Nepal (Protectorate)
• - New South Wales (Colony)
  Incorporated into Australia on January 1
  • Norfolk Island (Colony)
    Transferred to Australia on January 1.
• (Colony)
  • Cook Islands (Colony)
    Transferred from United Kingdom on June 11.
• - (Protectorate)
• North-Eastern Rhodesia (Protectorate)
• North-Western Rhodesia (Protectorate)
• Northern Nigeria - British Northern Nigeria Protectorate (Protectorate)

P

• Pitcairn Island (Colony)
• Phoenix Islands (Colony)

Q

• (Colony)
  Incorporated into Australia on January 1

S

• Savage Island (Protectorate)
  Incorporated into the Cook Islands on June 11.
• Saint Helena (Colony)
• Sarawak - Kingdom of Sarawak (Protectorate)
• Seychelles - The Seychelles (Crown colony)
• Sierra Leone (Colony)
  • Sierra Leone Colony (Colony)
  • Sierra Leone Protectorate (Protectorate)
• South Australia (Colony)
  Incorporated into Australia on January 1
• South Orkney Islands (Uninhabited Antarctic territory)
• South Shetland Islands (Uninhabited Antarctic territory)
• Southern Nigeria - British Southern Nigeria Protectorate (Protectorate)
• Southern Rhodesia (Colony)
  United from Mashonaland and Matabeleland on January 24.
• (Colony)
  • Christmas Island (Colony)
  • Cocos Islands (Colony)

T

• (Colony)
  Incorporated into Australia on January 1.
• - Kingdom of Tonga (Protectorate)
• (Colony)
• Tristan da Cunha (Colony)
• Trucial States (Collection of protectorates)
  • Abu Dhabi - Sheikdom of Abu Dhabi (Protectorate)
  • Ajman - Sheikdom of Ajman (Protectorate)
  • Dibba - Sheikdom of Dibba (Protectorate)
  • Dubai - Sheikdom of Dubai (Protectorate)
  • Hamriyah - Sheikdom of Hamriyah
  • - Sheikdom of Sharjah (Protectorate)
  • Umm al-Quwain - Sheikdom of Umm al-Quwain (Protectorate)

U

• Union Islands (Colony)
• Uganda (Protectorate)

V

• (Colony) Incorporated into Australia on January 1.
• Victoria Land (Uninhabited Antarctic territory)

W

• Western Australia (Colony)
  Incorporated into Australia on January 1.

Z

• - Sultanate of Zanzibar (Protectorate)

United States

• Alaska - District of Alaska (Territory)
• American Samoa (Unincorporated territory)
• Cuba (Territory)
• Guam (Unincorporated territory)
• Middlebrook Island (Uninhabited territory)
• Philippines - The Philippines (Territory)
• Puerto Rico (Territory)
• Swains Island (Semi-independent settlement under American sovereignty and claimed by the United Kingdom)
• Wake Island (Uninhabited territory)

Occupied Ottoman Territories

• Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Condominium of the United Kingdom and Egypt)
• Bosnia-Herzegovina (Under Austro-Hungarian occupation)
• Cyprus (Administered by the United Kingdom, formally under Ottoman suzerainty)
• Eastern Rumelia (Autonomous province under Bulgarian control)
• - Khediviate of Egypt (Virtually independent province under British occupation)
• Kuwait - Sheikdom of Kuwait (Territory with a British protectorate treaty)
• Novi Pazar - Sanjak of Novi Pazar (Under Austro-Hungarian occupation)

Other territories and entities

• Holy See (Sovereign entity without territory, conducted relations with several states)
• Moresnet - Neutral Moresnet (Small strip of neutral territory between Germany and Belgium)
• New Hebrides (Neutral territory governed by a Joint Anglo-French Naval Commission)
• - Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta (Sovereign entity without territory, recognized by several states)

See also

• List of countries
• Countries by year
• List of sovereign states in 1901
• List of state leaders in 1901
• 1901