Comparison of automobile fuel technologies
Gasoline |
Ethanol |
Diesel |
Biodiesel |
Compressed air |
Hydrogen (internal combustion) |
Electric |
Hydrogen (Fuel cells) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net output for single unit of input |
1.3 |
3.2 |
≈0.25 × source of compressed air |
0.9 × source of electricity |
0.17 to 0.85 × source of electricity |
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| New Infrastructure needed to be practical |
Ethanol pipeline (ethanol corrodes conventional oil pipeline) |
compressed air stations |
hydrogen stations |
chargers in parking zones |
hydrogen stations |
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| Current state of development |
well developed, common |
Production Obstacles need to be overcome |
well developed, less common |
Production Obstacles need to be overcome |
well developed, uncommon |
Production Obstacles need to be overcome |
Charging time need to be overcome |
Technological/Production Obstacles need to be overcome |
Total chemicals emitted relative to gasoline
Gasoline |
Ethanol |
Diesel |
Biodiesel |
Compressed air |
Hydrogen (internal combustion) |
Electric |
Hydrogen (Fuel cells) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| carbon dioxide |
100% |
≈ 100% |
22% |
on source of compressed air |
on source of electricity |
on source of electricity |
on source of electricity |
|
| carbon monoxide |
100% |
< 100% |
50% |
on source of compressed air |
on source of electricity |
on source of electricity |
on source of electricity |
|
| benzofluoranthene |
100% |
44% |
on source of compressed air |
on source of electricity |
on source of electricity |
on source of electricity |
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