:This article deals with the socio-economic continuum of Australian English.
:For regional variation see "Regional variation in Australian English".
Most linguists consider there to be three main varieties of Australian English. These are Broad, General and Cultivated Australian English. These three main varieties are actually part of a continuum and are based on variations in accent. They often, but not always, reflect the social class and/or educational background of the speaker.
Broad Australian English
Broad Australian English is the archetypal and most recognisable variety and is familiar to English speakers around the world, because of its use in identifying Australian characters in non-Australian films and television programmes. In reality it is far less common than General Australian English. Broad Australian English is recognisable by a certain nasal drawl and the prevalence of long diphthongs.
Broad Australian English is more likely to be encountered when travelling further away from the capital cities.
Lexically, Broad Australian English usually uses more slang and non standard forms of words than the other varieties, for example, "it come up real good", as opposed to the more standard form of "it came up quite well". The variety is more prone to elision and assimilation of words, usually due to the fact that the speakers are sometimes less fluent and clear in their enunciation of consonants. Phonetically the variety is seen to have a nasal drawl and the diphthongs are usually drawn out. This is what gives the spoken variety its unique flair.
General Australian English
General Australian English is the stereotypical variety of Australian English. It is the variety of English used by the majority of Australians and it dominates the accents found in contemporary Australian-made films and television programs, such as Neighbours. This variety has noticeably shorter vowel sounds than Broad Australian English, among other differences. There is perhaps a trend towards General Australian away from the extremes.
Cultivated Australian English
Cultivated Australian English has many similarities to British Received Pronunciation, and is often mistaken for it. Cultivated Australian English was once common among public figures in Australia but it is now spoken by less than 10% of the population. An overwhelmingly large and growing majority of Australians now have either General or Broad accents. One effect of this is that the speech of people like Alexander Downer, the former Minister for Foreign Affairs is mocked as sounding "affected", "snobby" or "aloof" , when his accent is simply an example of Cultivated Australian English, reinforced by the fact that he completed his secondary schooling at a public school in England and went to university there.
Examples
Examples of each include the normal speaking voices of the following identities:
Broad
*actor Bryan Brown
*television/stage character Dame Edna Everage
*Former Prime Minister Bob Hawke
*actor Paul Hogan
*deceased television personality Steve Irwin
*television presenter Ben Dark
General
*actor Russell Crowe
*Former Prime Minister John Howard
*actor Hugh Jackman
*actor Nicole Kidman
*actor Miranda Otto
*actor Jesse Spencer
Cultivated
*actor Judy Davis
*Former Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser
*actor Geoffrey Rush
*opera singer Dame Joan Sutherland
*comedian/actor Barry Humphries (who portrays Dame Edna Everage)
*Former Minister for Foreign Affairs Alexander Downer
:For regional variation see "Regional variation in Australian English".
Most linguists consider there to be three main varieties of Australian English. These are Broad, General and Cultivated Australian English. These three main varieties are actually part of a continuum and are based on variations in accent. They often, but not always, reflect the social class and/or educational background of the speaker.
Broad Australian English
Broad Australian English is the archetypal and most recognisable variety and is familiar to English speakers around the world, because of its use in identifying Australian characters in non-Australian films and television programmes. In reality it is far less common than General Australian English. Broad Australian English is recognisable by a certain nasal drawl and the prevalence of long diphthongs.
Broad Australian English is more likely to be encountered when travelling further away from the capital cities.
Lexically, Broad Australian English usually uses more slang and non standard forms of words than the other varieties, for example, "it come up real good", as opposed to the more standard form of "it came up quite well". The variety is more prone to elision and assimilation of words, usually due to the fact that the speakers are sometimes less fluent and clear in their enunciation of consonants. Phonetically the variety is seen to have a nasal drawl and the diphthongs are usually drawn out. This is what gives the spoken variety its unique flair.
General Australian English
General Australian English is the stereotypical variety of Australian English. It is the variety of English used by the majority of Australians and it dominates the accents found in contemporary Australian-made films and television programs, such as Neighbours. This variety has noticeably shorter vowel sounds than Broad Australian English, among other differences. There is perhaps a trend towards General Australian away from the extremes.
Cultivated Australian English
Cultivated Australian English has many similarities to British Received Pronunciation, and is often mistaken for it. Cultivated Australian English was once common among public figures in Australia but it is now spoken by less than 10% of the population. An overwhelmingly large and growing majority of Australians now have either General or Broad accents. One effect of this is that the speech of people like Alexander Downer, the former Minister for Foreign Affairs is mocked as sounding "affected", "snobby" or "aloof" , when his accent is simply an example of Cultivated Australian English, reinforced by the fact that he completed his secondary schooling at a public school in England and went to university there.
Examples
Examples of each include the normal speaking voices of the following identities:
Broad
*actor Bryan Brown
*television/stage character Dame Edna Everage
*Former Prime Minister Bob Hawke
*actor Paul Hogan
*deceased television personality Steve Irwin
*television presenter Ben Dark
General
*actor Russell Crowe
*Former Prime Minister John Howard
*actor Hugh Jackman
*actor Nicole Kidman
*actor Miranda Otto
*actor Jesse Spencer
Cultivated
*actor Judy Davis
*Former Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser
*actor Geoffrey Rush
*opera singer Dame Joan Sutherland
*comedian/actor Barry Humphries (who portrays Dame Edna Everage)
*Former Minister for Foreign Affairs Alexander Downer
System Elion, is a Swedish production company. Founded 2007 by Jimi Elion.
System Elion produces independent films mainly dramas. System Elion also produces music. 2007 the company composed the music for Kammaren.
In the works
Fatalism, a drama with a hint of mystery towards the end.
Notable Films
*Exodus (2007)
System Elion produces independent films mainly dramas. System Elion also produces music. 2007 the company composed the music for Kammaren.
In the works
Fatalism, a drama with a hint of mystery towards the end.
Notable Films
*Exodus (2007)
Kaj Stenberg born 1964 is an actor from Sweden.
Filmography
*Kammaren (2007) - Herbert Vest
*Rex regi rebellis (2003) - Klark Klarhagen
*A Bug's Life (1998) - Swedish voice for Frances
Plays
*A Doll's House (2005) - Torvald Helmer
*Evita (2003) - different characters
*Cyrano de Bergerac (2000) - Cyrano de Bergerac
*Besatt (1999) - John
*Some Like It Hot (1998) - Jerry
Filmography
*Kammaren (2007) - Herbert Vest
*Rex regi rebellis (2003) - Klark Klarhagen
*A Bug's Life (1998) - Swedish voice for Frances
Plays
*A Doll's House (2005) - Torvald Helmer
*Evita (2003) - different characters
*Cyrano de Bergerac (2000) - Cyrano de Bergerac
*Besatt (1999) - John
*Some Like It Hot (1998) - Jerry
Bio
Musician, Tris Katone (born Tristan James Katone) Baltimore, MD. Raised in suburbs of Philadelphia, PA.
At the age of 7, Tris began extensive piano training and was then given a guitar for his 8th birthday with lessons to follow. After watching his brother play drums in his own band, Tris was sold on his new instrument of choice and began drumming full time by the age of 9 and began playing professionally by the time he turned 14-years-old.
Career and Discography
Drummer/Vocalist 1980-1995 for many local and breaking bands such as Marauder, Sanctuary, Escape, Free Delivery, HGR, before becoming a solo recording artist 1998 to current. Tris Katone has produced and recorded four solo albums, including his 1998 debut album, "Committing Suicide", "The Next Devil" (2000), "Plastic Udder" (2001), and "Erotic Crystallization Inertia" (2003).
Tris Katone's musical influences are worn well upon his sleeve and his sound is often compared to a twist between the hard-edged Marilyn Manson and the straight forward rock-n-roll tone of T. Rex. At first listen his music is poetic, deep, honest, raw, and nasty. All the things rock-n-roll should be. Katone is noted for playing all instruments on the four releases as well as earning full production credits. When touring under the name KATONE, a full band compensates for the music while Mr. Katone sings and performs his songs. Tris Katone is noted for his flamboyant and charismatic stage presence, often pushing the envelope with extreme gestures and explicit lyrical play out.
KATONE has had touring success throughout the 2000 decade. New KATONE music was introduced to fans during a 2007 summer tour and in February, 2008 early KATONE CDs were remastered and re-released as a result of Internet popularity and supply in demand.
KATONE's audience is largely made up of gothic and hard rock fans, along with "emo" and "scene kids".
Musician, Tris Katone (born Tristan James Katone) Baltimore, MD. Raised in suburbs of Philadelphia, PA.
At the age of 7, Tris began extensive piano training and was then given a guitar for his 8th birthday with lessons to follow. After watching his brother play drums in his own band, Tris was sold on his new instrument of choice and began drumming full time by the age of 9 and began playing professionally by the time he turned 14-years-old.
Career and Discography
Drummer/Vocalist 1980-1995 for many local and breaking bands such as Marauder, Sanctuary, Escape, Free Delivery, HGR, before becoming a solo recording artist 1998 to current. Tris Katone has produced and recorded four solo albums, including his 1998 debut album, "Committing Suicide", "The Next Devil" (2000), "Plastic Udder" (2001), and "Erotic Crystallization Inertia" (2003).
Tris Katone's musical influences are worn well upon his sleeve and his sound is often compared to a twist between the hard-edged Marilyn Manson and the straight forward rock-n-roll tone of T. Rex. At first listen his music is poetic, deep, honest, raw, and nasty. All the things rock-n-roll should be. Katone is noted for playing all instruments on the four releases as well as earning full production credits. When touring under the name KATONE, a full band compensates for the music while Mr. Katone sings and performs his songs. Tris Katone is noted for his flamboyant and charismatic stage presence, often pushing the envelope with extreme gestures and explicit lyrical play out.
KATONE has had touring success throughout the 2000 decade. New KATONE music was introduced to fans during a 2007 summer tour and in February, 2008 early KATONE CDs were remastered and re-released as a result of Internet popularity and supply in demand.
KATONE's audience is largely made up of gothic and hard rock fans, along with "emo" and "scene kids".