Corey Bruce Johnson (born 22 April 1978) is a British born music producer, record label owner and songwriter.
Corey Johnson is credited as a songwriter on the hit song "One Dance" by Drake.“One Dance" reached number one in 15 countries.
Biography
Corey Johnson was born and raised in Brixton, South London. Johnson's first experience in the music world began at age 10 when he was signed to Universal Records (with 6 other youths) as a group called “New Frontier”. New Frontier toured the UK in 1988-89, promoting the government's anti-pollution and protection of the ozone layer project. They received national acclaim and were featured in several newspapers and shows such as BBC 1 - Timmy Mallet's “Wackaday“ show Timmy Mallett and BBC 2, TV show - “Dance Energy”, receiving sponsorship from 90's sports brand “Pony”.
Later Johnson's street background and experience led him to set up record label Defenders Ent., and as an artist, record with well-known artists from both underground and commercial music genres, through production, promotion, and marketing - on a worldwide platform. Artists such as Drake, Akon, Tinie Tempah, Jessie J, Swedish House Mafia, The Vamp, Stomzy, Red Cafe, Big Brovaz, Dizzie Rascal, D-double E, Ghetts, PDC, SMS, Blade Brown and Asher D, and many more have released music via Defenders Ent or used the creative hub, The Digital Holdings to film or record projects.
As the original label Defenders Ent and publishers Digital Music and Media publishing Corey independently released the iconic UK Funky House hit - Crazy Cousinz Ft Kyla “Do you mind” , which was then remade to make the Worldwide multi Platinum / Diamond record “One Dance”
This along with various media companies, youth programs, artists, producers and brands Corey Johnson has been credited several times as a writer, producer, film director and visionary.
Corey has reinvested his success with “one dance” into the next generation. He has used his platform and financial position by personally funding much of the work carried out by CYL. Creating a community hub, which acts as a safe environment for young people to learn, create, achieve and aspire to greatness<ref name=":1" />
Corey Johnson is credited as a songwriter on the hit song "One Dance" by Drake.“One Dance" reached number one in 15 countries.
Biography
Corey Johnson was born and raised in Brixton, South London. Johnson's first experience in the music world began at age 10 when he was signed to Universal Records (with 6 other youths) as a group called “New Frontier”. New Frontier toured the UK in 1988-89, promoting the government's anti-pollution and protection of the ozone layer project. They received national acclaim and were featured in several newspapers and shows such as BBC 1 - Timmy Mallet's “Wackaday“ show Timmy Mallett and BBC 2, TV show - “Dance Energy”, receiving sponsorship from 90's sports brand “Pony”.
Later Johnson's street background and experience led him to set up record label Defenders Ent., and as an artist, record with well-known artists from both underground and commercial music genres, through production, promotion, and marketing - on a worldwide platform. Artists such as Drake, Akon, Tinie Tempah, Jessie J, Swedish House Mafia, The Vamp, Stomzy, Red Cafe, Big Brovaz, Dizzie Rascal, D-double E, Ghetts, PDC, SMS, Blade Brown and Asher D, and many more have released music via Defenders Ent or used the creative hub, The Digital Holdings to film or record projects.
As the original label Defenders Ent and publishers Digital Music and Media publishing Corey independently released the iconic UK Funky House hit - Crazy Cousinz Ft Kyla “Do you mind” , which was then remade to make the Worldwide multi Platinum / Diamond record “One Dance”
This along with various media companies, youth programs, artists, producers and brands Corey Johnson has been credited several times as a writer, producer, film director and visionary.
Corey has reinvested his success with “one dance” into the next generation. He has used his platform and financial position by personally funding much of the work carried out by CYL. Creating a community hub, which acts as a safe environment for young people to learn, create, achieve and aspire to greatness<ref name=":1" />
On the 29 October 2020, a man threatened bystanders with a gun in Avignon, Vaucluse, France. He was later identified as Fabien Badaroux, who claimed to be part of the far-right identitarian group Génération identitaire. This could not however be independently confirmed. The group itself said the man was not one of their members. Badaroux had argued with a person from the Mahgreb before the attack. A bystander alerted the police, and Badaroux was killed by them after an attempt to arrest him at 11.15 local time. Badaroux was a local man from Avignon, aged 33.
This incident took place on the same day as a triple killing in Nice.
This incident took place on the same day as a triple killing in Nice.
The 2018 New York State Senate 34th District Democratic primary was fought between incumbent Jeffrey Klein and challenger Alessandra Biaggi in New York's 34th State Senate district.
Challenge
On January 24, 2018, Alessandra Biaggi announced her candidacy for the Democratic nomination for NY State Senate District 34 seat held by State Senator, Jeffrey D. Klein. On September 13, 2018 Biaggi defeated former Independent Democratic Conference (IDC) leader Jeffrey Klein in the Democratic primary in what amounted to a major upset.
Election
At 10:20 PM Eastern Standard time, it was reported that Biaggi won the primary.
Bronx
Biaggi won the Bronx with a total of 15,656 to Klein's 14,224.
South Westchester
Biaggi won Westchester with a total of 1,962 to Klein's 530.
Challenge
On January 24, 2018, Alessandra Biaggi announced her candidacy for the Democratic nomination for NY State Senate District 34 seat held by State Senator, Jeffrey D. Klein. On September 13, 2018 Biaggi defeated former Independent Democratic Conference (IDC) leader Jeffrey Klein in the Democratic primary in what amounted to a major upset.
Election
At 10:20 PM Eastern Standard time, it was reported that Biaggi won the primary.
Bronx
Biaggi won the Bronx with a total of 15,656 to Klein's 14,224.
South Westchester
Biaggi won Westchester with a total of 1,962 to Klein's 530.
DartMUD is a MUD, a text-based online role-playing game, started in 1991 at Dartmouth College. It pioneered several interface and game play innovations which were later used to greater popular success by games such as Ultima Online.
Notable Contributions
DartMUD "Firsts"
The actual dates of the first implementation of these ideas in MUDs or MMORPGs are not well documented and competing claims exist, but DartMUD was first, among the first, or an early adopter of the following:
* Permanent Death: DartMUD is targeted at hard-core mudders, people willing to risk permadeath — a common occurrence — in order to make their accomplishments that much more meaningful.
* Hex-Based Wilderness Map: DartMUD implements a hex map in ASCII text an innovation which helped shape later games.
* Numberless Interface: DartMUD differs from earlier LPMuds in that it is class-less and level-less. Attributes, , hit points, and magical aura are represented using generalized text descriptions, rather than specific numbers.
* Crafting: DartMUD has had a three-stage crafting system since 1992. Initially, the system allowed for in-game farming (resource extraction), milling (resource refinement), and cooking (finished goods creation). The system has since been expanded to include wood, metal, cloth, stone, and ceramic-based skills, as well as herding, hunting, and gathering, allowing for a relatively comprehensive model of a medieval economy.
* Player-Run Economy: DartMUD attempts to model a realistic economy: storekeepers don't have everything players need, nor do they automatically purchase anything a player acquires. Of all the innovations listed here, a Player-Run Economy has been the most problematic and contentious, and multiple tweaks to the economic model have been made in an attempt to balance realism and game play.
Reception and influence
Game designer and industry author Raph Koster has mentioned DartMUD as an influential game in general and regarding many specific topics, such as hex mapping, simulationism, player-run economy, and crafting. Other mud developers have occasionally mentioned DartMUD on MUD-DEV, the MUD Developers' mailing list. Koster and others often cite DartMUD as an innovative MUD that failed or fell short in execution.
DartMUD was one of twelve MUDs selected, by virtue of its Google search ranking, to receive player surveys by authors Anthony Faiola and Alexander E. Voiskounsky while researching their paper "Flow Experience of MUD Players: Investigating Multi-User Dimension Gamers from the USA".
Design Considerations
The primary limitation on character actions is a 'concentration' system. The exercise of player skills reduces the chance that a subsequent skill check (of any skill, not just the same skill) will be successful. This penalty goes away fairly quickly, but it serves to prevent abuse based on the speed of prepared (e.g. client-side macro) input.
The founders of DartMUD decided to try to capture the unpredictability of the Rolemaster RPG's open-ended die rolling system using a custom implemented Cauchy distribution function. The unpredictable extremes of the Cauchy function have occasionally resulted in very memorably improbable results.
DartMUD also uses a seeded random number generator, which allows for certain similar "random" events to produce identical results, simulating the pointlessness of attempting certain actions twice: if an action failed once, it will fail again unless something has changed in a subsequent attempt.
Creatures in DartMUD possess "shapes" — a creature's shape file determines how many limbs it has, how many objects it can hold, natural armor, relative size and durability, and effects when one or more limbs are disabled. Players may choose races which have from four to eight limbs, including one to four hands.
Game World
Skills
DartMUD is a classless system, which means any skill may be learned by anyone. However, only some skills can be self-taught; others must be learned from a non-player character (NPC) or player teacher. Many skills aren't taught by NPCs, forcing a greater level of player interaction. Skills are improved by practicing relevant tasks of increasing difficulty, not by spending experience points. While DartMUD doesn't have classes, requirements to practice skills to improve them and positive feedback for learning similar skills provide incentive for characters to specialize, encouraging player interdependence.
Due to the player-run economy, crafting skills provide greater game rewards than thief skills. In fact, since thieves mainly prey on other characters in DartMUD, they are generally hunted and killed if discovered. Since combat is not required to advance, some players thrive despite avoiding violence altogether.
Role Playing
In DartMUD, roleplaying (RP) is not enforced by the staff. Rather, a confluence of factors — prominent among them permadeath, player interdependence, and the desire for wealth — create an unsimulated political system. "An armed society is a polite society" (Robert A. Heinlein) is a good summation: characters behave themselves in public and do their scheming behind closed doors. Using out-of-character communications to influence game play is against the rules, and the creators reserve the right to delete and even ban problematic abusers.
Players new to DartMUD have been advised to use a "disposable" character for their initial learning process, anticipating that they will make mistakes in their early socialization; a fresh start once the initial learning curve is past allows for community engagement with a clean reputation.
Organizations
In DartMUD, magic items are rare and characters rarely gain special abilities; consequently, more mundane objects gain greater significance. As characters accumulate wealth, they require a place to keep it. Like other LPMuds of its era, DartMUD initially had no facility for equipment storage. As available disk space and processing power increased, storage facilities were added to the game in the form of collective resources for which players could strive: Castles, Guild halls, and Inns.
* Castles are the seats of power of noble houses, which are implemented as player-run feudal organizations. The leader of a noble house is established by a process of swearing fealty—to conquer a castle, an invading group must eliminate its defenders and seat one of its own members on the throne. Castles typically have extensive defenses, crafting facilities, and as many player rooms as an Inn.
* Guild halls are the domains of a guild, which specializes in a specific area, led by a guild master elected from the membership. They have more modest defenses and facilities than a castle, and are located inside an established city.
* Inns are located in cities, and have rooms for rent, and are regularly targets for thieves.
Castles and Guilds form factions; tensions arise from wars and shifting alliances.
History and Ancestry
*1991: DartMUD is started on a Motorola 68030-based NeXT computer owned by a Dartmouth College graduate student, hence the name.
*1994: Due to the original site host's departure from Dartmouth, DartMUD moves to an Intel-architecture Linux system hosted at a commercial ISP, Hawaii On Line. The change from a college-based project run by volunteers to a commercially promoted service with a part-time overseer resulted in significant staff turnover. At the same time, Hawaii On Line's promotion drew a large number of Hawaiian residents as new players. Several architecture-specific optimizations in the LPMud driver and DartMUD mudlib had to be removed or re-coded, and DartMUD has been running on commodity Intel Architecture systems ever since.
*1995: When Hawaii On Line stopped funding its local games, DartMUD moved to the Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology.
*1996: When the Rose-Hulman staff member hosting DartMUD left the Institute, DartMUD moved to a UCLA graduate student's office. At this point Accursed Lands was created by five DartMUD creators and one player who had logged into the mud for the first time earlier that day. Accursed Lands initially shared the same server with DartMUD. Accursed Lands was informally referred to initially as "DartMUD II" during its development phase, but creative differences led to the dissolution of the initial Accursed Lands startup team, and development continues to this day on both DartMUD and Accursed Lands.
*1997: DartMUD moved to another company where a staff member worked.
*2003: DartMUD moved to the home broadband of another staff member.
*2013: DartMUD moved to a VPS hosting service, finally free from personal hardware and small internet connections.
DartMUD is maintained by donations from staff and players alike — since 2004, more than half of operating expenses have been covered by player contributions using PayPal. Unlike many other MUDs which encourage player donations, DartMUD never has conveyed any in-game reward or recognition to players who donate.
Notable Contributions
DartMUD "Firsts"
The actual dates of the first implementation of these ideas in MUDs or MMORPGs are not well documented and competing claims exist, but DartMUD was first, among the first, or an early adopter of the following:
* Permanent Death: DartMUD is targeted at hard-core mudders, people willing to risk permadeath — a common occurrence — in order to make their accomplishments that much more meaningful.
* Hex-Based Wilderness Map: DartMUD implements a hex map in ASCII text an innovation which helped shape later games.
* Numberless Interface: DartMUD differs from earlier LPMuds in that it is class-less and level-less. Attributes, , hit points, and magical aura are represented using generalized text descriptions, rather than specific numbers.
* Crafting: DartMUD has had a three-stage crafting system since 1992. Initially, the system allowed for in-game farming (resource extraction), milling (resource refinement), and cooking (finished goods creation). The system has since been expanded to include wood, metal, cloth, stone, and ceramic-based skills, as well as herding, hunting, and gathering, allowing for a relatively comprehensive model of a medieval economy.
* Player-Run Economy: DartMUD attempts to model a realistic economy: storekeepers don't have everything players need, nor do they automatically purchase anything a player acquires. Of all the innovations listed here, a Player-Run Economy has been the most problematic and contentious, and multiple tweaks to the economic model have been made in an attempt to balance realism and game play.
Reception and influence
Game designer and industry author Raph Koster has mentioned DartMUD as an influential game in general and regarding many specific topics, such as hex mapping, simulationism, player-run economy, and crafting. Other mud developers have occasionally mentioned DartMUD on MUD-DEV, the MUD Developers' mailing list. Koster and others often cite DartMUD as an innovative MUD that failed or fell short in execution.
DartMUD was one of twelve MUDs selected, by virtue of its Google search ranking, to receive player surveys by authors Anthony Faiola and Alexander E. Voiskounsky while researching their paper "Flow Experience of MUD Players: Investigating Multi-User Dimension Gamers from the USA".
Design Considerations
The primary limitation on character actions is a 'concentration' system. The exercise of player skills reduces the chance that a subsequent skill check (of any skill, not just the same skill) will be successful. This penalty goes away fairly quickly, but it serves to prevent abuse based on the speed of prepared (e.g. client-side macro) input.
The founders of DartMUD decided to try to capture the unpredictability of the Rolemaster RPG's open-ended die rolling system using a custom implemented Cauchy distribution function. The unpredictable extremes of the Cauchy function have occasionally resulted in very memorably improbable results.
DartMUD also uses a seeded random number generator, which allows for certain similar "random" events to produce identical results, simulating the pointlessness of attempting certain actions twice: if an action failed once, it will fail again unless something has changed in a subsequent attempt.
Creatures in DartMUD possess "shapes" — a creature's shape file determines how many limbs it has, how many objects it can hold, natural armor, relative size and durability, and effects when one or more limbs are disabled. Players may choose races which have from four to eight limbs, including one to four hands.
Game World
Skills
DartMUD is a classless system, which means any skill may be learned by anyone. However, only some skills can be self-taught; others must be learned from a non-player character (NPC) or player teacher. Many skills aren't taught by NPCs, forcing a greater level of player interaction. Skills are improved by practicing relevant tasks of increasing difficulty, not by spending experience points. While DartMUD doesn't have classes, requirements to practice skills to improve them and positive feedback for learning similar skills provide incentive for characters to specialize, encouraging player interdependence.
Due to the player-run economy, crafting skills provide greater game rewards than thief skills. In fact, since thieves mainly prey on other characters in DartMUD, they are generally hunted and killed if discovered. Since combat is not required to advance, some players thrive despite avoiding violence altogether.
Role Playing
In DartMUD, roleplaying (RP) is not enforced by the staff. Rather, a confluence of factors — prominent among them permadeath, player interdependence, and the desire for wealth — create an unsimulated political system. "An armed society is a polite society" (Robert A. Heinlein) is a good summation: characters behave themselves in public and do their scheming behind closed doors. Using out-of-character communications to influence game play is against the rules, and the creators reserve the right to delete and even ban problematic abusers.
Players new to DartMUD have been advised to use a "disposable" character for their initial learning process, anticipating that they will make mistakes in their early socialization; a fresh start once the initial learning curve is past allows for community engagement with a clean reputation.
Organizations
In DartMUD, magic items are rare and characters rarely gain special abilities; consequently, more mundane objects gain greater significance. As characters accumulate wealth, they require a place to keep it. Like other LPMuds of its era, DartMUD initially had no facility for equipment storage. As available disk space and processing power increased, storage facilities were added to the game in the form of collective resources for which players could strive: Castles, Guild halls, and Inns.
* Castles are the seats of power of noble houses, which are implemented as player-run feudal organizations. The leader of a noble house is established by a process of swearing fealty—to conquer a castle, an invading group must eliminate its defenders and seat one of its own members on the throne. Castles typically have extensive defenses, crafting facilities, and as many player rooms as an Inn.
* Guild halls are the domains of a guild, which specializes in a specific area, led by a guild master elected from the membership. They have more modest defenses and facilities than a castle, and are located inside an established city.
* Inns are located in cities, and have rooms for rent, and are regularly targets for thieves.
Castles and Guilds form factions; tensions arise from wars and shifting alliances.
History and Ancestry
*1991: DartMUD is started on a Motorola 68030-based NeXT computer owned by a Dartmouth College graduate student, hence the name.
*1994: Due to the original site host's departure from Dartmouth, DartMUD moves to an Intel-architecture Linux system hosted at a commercial ISP, Hawaii On Line. The change from a college-based project run by volunteers to a commercially promoted service with a part-time overseer resulted in significant staff turnover. At the same time, Hawaii On Line's promotion drew a large number of Hawaiian residents as new players. Several architecture-specific optimizations in the LPMud driver and DartMUD mudlib had to be removed or re-coded, and DartMUD has been running on commodity Intel Architecture systems ever since.
*1995: When Hawaii On Line stopped funding its local games, DartMUD moved to the Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology.
*1996: When the Rose-Hulman staff member hosting DartMUD left the Institute, DartMUD moved to a UCLA graduate student's office. At this point Accursed Lands was created by five DartMUD creators and one player who had logged into the mud for the first time earlier that day. Accursed Lands initially shared the same server with DartMUD. Accursed Lands was informally referred to initially as "DartMUD II" during its development phase, but creative differences led to the dissolution of the initial Accursed Lands startup team, and development continues to this day on both DartMUD and Accursed Lands.
*1997: DartMUD moved to another company where a staff member worked.
*2003: DartMUD moved to the home broadband of another staff member.
*2013: DartMUD moved to a VPS hosting service, finally free from personal hardware and small internet connections.
DartMUD is maintained by donations from staff and players alike — since 2004, more than half of operating expenses have been covered by player contributions using PayPal. Unlike many other MUDs which encourage player donations, DartMUD never has conveyed any in-game reward or recognition to players who donate.