Lieutenant Charles Henry Flacke's military career began when he volunteered to join the 113th Regiment New York Infantry on October 9, 1862 in Albany, New York. He was 18 years old, had grey eyes, light hair, a light complexion and stood 5' 7.5"; his army record lists his occupation before the War as "paper hanger." On December 3, 1862, he departed Albany by railroad to join his regiment. The regiment had left four months earlier to serve in the defenses of Washington, D.C. at Fort Pennsylvania. On December 10 the 113th New York Infantry was converted into an artillery regiment and renamed the
Washington Defenses
Private Flacke, upon his arrival in Washington, was assigned to Company F, one of eight companies in the regiment comprised principally of men from Albany. The other companies in the regiment were made up of men recruited from West Troy, Westerlo, Bethlehem, Rensselaerville, Knox, and Albany county at large. The remained at Fort Pennsylvania until it was transferred to Fort Reno, D.C. on April 10, 1863. On November 20 Private Flacke was authorized leave to visit Albany and was given $7.64 for transportation. Following his return from leave, he was promoted to Corporal on January 8, 1864.
Grant's Drive into Virginia
At the beginning of May 1864, Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant ordered the Army of the Potomac to move south into Virginia. Simultaneously in the West, Major General William T. Sherman launched his Atlanta campaign. These moves were part of a coordinated strategy to finally destroy the Confederacy. The objective of the Army of the Potomac was to engage Army of Northern Virginia in battle and defeat it if possible. At a minimum Grant wanted Lee's army immobilized. Additionally, Grant's eyes were set on the Confederate capital of Richmond that lay behind Lee's lines.
The first encounter between the two armies was in The Wilderness about 12 miles west of Fredericksburg, Virginia. The Federal army of 118,769 men suffered 18,000 causalities, while Lee's army of 62,000 lost 10,800 men. Despite these heavy losses Grant ordered the army to slide past Lee's flank and move south towards the village of Spotsylvania Court House.
On the morning of May 8 elements of the two armies encountered each other again. The Battle of Spotsylvania Court House was under way; the fighting would not end until almost two weeks had passed. During this time artillerymen from the forts surrounding Washington, including the , were ordered south to join the fighting. On May 18, 1864 the joined Tyler's Artillery Division, 2d Corps on the flank of the Union line. The next day, when they saw their first combat, 76 men from the 7th New York Heavy Artillery were either killed, wounded, or lost-in-action. All total 18,000 out of 111,000 men in the Army of the Potomac ended up as causalities; Confederate causalities totaled between 9,000-10,000 out of a total Confederate force of 63,000.
The Battle of Spotsylvania was followed by the Battle of North Anna River on May 23-26 just 15 miles from Richmond. Ending inconclusively, Grant again slipped his army of 114,000 men past the right flank of Lee's army. Such advances assured Grant uninterrupted supplies up Virginia's tidal rivers and allowed him to forge deeper into the state. By May 31 Grant's twice deflected army was directly due east of Richmond at the crossroads of Old Cold Harbor. Lee, now commanding an army of 59,000, again blocked the Army of the Potomac in four days of fighting. Casualties totaled 10,000 Union and 4,000 Confederate.
Capture at Petersburg
Grant, still undaunted, chose to alter his strategy and swung his army south of Richmond towards the strategic rail center of Petersburg. It was through Petersburg that almost all of Richmond's supplies passed. On June 15 Union forces assaulted the defenses of Petersburg. Confederate defenders were forced to twice fall back and ended up just outside the city limits. On the June 18 Grant assaulted the Confederate line with his entire army, but was thrown back. Late that same day Lee arrived with reinforcements and so began the nine and a half month siege of Petersburg. Sometime between June 16-19 Corporal Charles Flacke was captured along with approximately three hundred other men from the .
Corporal Flacke, along with several thousand others captured in front of Petersburg, was transported to a 13-acre Confederate prison camp near Andersonville, Georgia. During July 1864 some 7,128 men arrived at this prison swelling the number within the stockades to 31,678. The same month 1,817 men died within the camp. All total 45,613 prisoners were brought into the camp between its opening in February 1864 and its closing in December 1864. Of this number 12,912 died there; additionally, an uncounted number died shortly after being transferred to other camps or being released. John McElroy, a prisoner in the camp, described the conditions in July and August as thus:
There was hardly room for all to lie down at night, and to walk a few hundred feet in any direction would require an hour's patient threading of the mass of men and tents. The weather became hotter and hotter; at midday the sand would burn the hand. The thin skins of fair and auburned-haired men blistered under the sun's rays and swelled up in great watery puffs, which soon became the breeding grounds of hideous maggots, or the still more deadly gangrene.... One could not look a rod in any direction without seeing at least a dozen men in the last frightful stages of rotting death.
Flacke languished in this prison until sometime in October 1864 when he was transferred to a newly established prison camp near Millen, Georgia. The prison there resembled the one near Andersonville in terms of construction, but was not as crowded. Total prisoners numbered between 6,000-7,000. Additionally, a fresh supply of water ran through the camp and a limited amount of building materials were found from which some shelters were constructed. Corporal Flacke remained at Millen until November 19 when he was paroled at Savannah, Georgia as part of a general parole of ten thousand other Union prisoners. This ten thousand consisted of mainly sick men, but many healthy prisoners bribed their Confederate guards and were included.
Release and Promotion
On November 25 Corporal Flacke arrived in Annapolis, Maryland where he was admitted to Hospital Division, No 1 at the Naval Academy. Two days later Flacke was sent to Baltimore, Maryland from which he traveled home to Albany, New York. While on leave in Albany, Corporal Charles Flacke and Catherine Heaney were married by the Reverend James E. Duffy at St. Mary's Church on January 18, 1865. In March he rejoined his old unit at Fort McHenry, Maryland. Then, on March 30, he was promoted to Sergeant. Two months later on May 25, 1865 at Fort Federal Hill, Maryland, Sergeant Flacke was separated from the service so that he could be sworn in as a 2nd Lieutenant in Company B of the . He was replacing Lieutenant H.M. Dodge who had been cashiered. Lieutenant Flacke's military career ended on July 25, 1865 when he was mustered out of the army in Baltimore, Maryland.
Washington Defenses
Private Flacke, upon his arrival in Washington, was assigned to Company F, one of eight companies in the regiment comprised principally of men from Albany. The other companies in the regiment were made up of men recruited from West Troy, Westerlo, Bethlehem, Rensselaerville, Knox, and Albany county at large. The remained at Fort Pennsylvania until it was transferred to Fort Reno, D.C. on April 10, 1863. On November 20 Private Flacke was authorized leave to visit Albany and was given $7.64 for transportation. Following his return from leave, he was promoted to Corporal on January 8, 1864.
Grant's Drive into Virginia
At the beginning of May 1864, Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant ordered the Army of the Potomac to move south into Virginia. Simultaneously in the West, Major General William T. Sherman launched his Atlanta campaign. These moves were part of a coordinated strategy to finally destroy the Confederacy. The objective of the Army of the Potomac was to engage Army of Northern Virginia in battle and defeat it if possible. At a minimum Grant wanted Lee's army immobilized. Additionally, Grant's eyes were set on the Confederate capital of Richmond that lay behind Lee's lines.
The first encounter between the two armies was in The Wilderness about 12 miles west of Fredericksburg, Virginia. The Federal army of 118,769 men suffered 18,000 causalities, while Lee's army of 62,000 lost 10,800 men. Despite these heavy losses Grant ordered the army to slide past Lee's flank and move south towards the village of Spotsylvania Court House.
On the morning of May 8 elements of the two armies encountered each other again. The Battle of Spotsylvania Court House was under way; the fighting would not end until almost two weeks had passed. During this time artillerymen from the forts surrounding Washington, including the , were ordered south to join the fighting. On May 18, 1864 the joined Tyler's Artillery Division, 2d Corps on the flank of the Union line. The next day, when they saw their first combat, 76 men from the 7th New York Heavy Artillery were either killed, wounded, or lost-in-action. All total 18,000 out of 111,000 men in the Army of the Potomac ended up as causalities; Confederate causalities totaled between 9,000-10,000 out of a total Confederate force of 63,000.
The Battle of Spotsylvania was followed by the Battle of North Anna River on May 23-26 just 15 miles from Richmond. Ending inconclusively, Grant again slipped his army of 114,000 men past the right flank of Lee's army. Such advances assured Grant uninterrupted supplies up Virginia's tidal rivers and allowed him to forge deeper into the state. By May 31 Grant's twice deflected army was directly due east of Richmond at the crossroads of Old Cold Harbor. Lee, now commanding an army of 59,000, again blocked the Army of the Potomac in four days of fighting. Casualties totaled 10,000 Union and 4,000 Confederate.
Capture at Petersburg
Grant, still undaunted, chose to alter his strategy and swung his army south of Richmond towards the strategic rail center of Petersburg. It was through Petersburg that almost all of Richmond's supplies passed. On June 15 Union forces assaulted the defenses of Petersburg. Confederate defenders were forced to twice fall back and ended up just outside the city limits. On the June 18 Grant assaulted the Confederate line with his entire army, but was thrown back. Late that same day Lee arrived with reinforcements and so began the nine and a half month siege of Petersburg. Sometime between June 16-19 Corporal Charles Flacke was captured along with approximately three hundred other men from the .
Corporal Flacke, along with several thousand others captured in front of Petersburg, was transported to a 13-acre Confederate prison camp near Andersonville, Georgia. During July 1864 some 7,128 men arrived at this prison swelling the number within the stockades to 31,678. The same month 1,817 men died within the camp. All total 45,613 prisoners were brought into the camp between its opening in February 1864 and its closing in December 1864. Of this number 12,912 died there; additionally, an uncounted number died shortly after being transferred to other camps or being released. John McElroy, a prisoner in the camp, described the conditions in July and August as thus:
There was hardly room for all to lie down at night, and to walk a few hundred feet in any direction would require an hour's patient threading of the mass of men and tents. The weather became hotter and hotter; at midday the sand would burn the hand. The thin skins of fair and auburned-haired men blistered under the sun's rays and swelled up in great watery puffs, which soon became the breeding grounds of hideous maggots, or the still more deadly gangrene.... One could not look a rod in any direction without seeing at least a dozen men in the last frightful stages of rotting death.
Flacke languished in this prison until sometime in October 1864 when he was transferred to a newly established prison camp near Millen, Georgia. The prison there resembled the one near Andersonville in terms of construction, but was not as crowded. Total prisoners numbered between 6,000-7,000. Additionally, a fresh supply of water ran through the camp and a limited amount of building materials were found from which some shelters were constructed. Corporal Flacke remained at Millen until November 19 when he was paroled at Savannah, Georgia as part of a general parole of ten thousand other Union prisoners. This ten thousand consisted of mainly sick men, but many healthy prisoners bribed their Confederate guards and were included.
Release and Promotion
On November 25 Corporal Flacke arrived in Annapolis, Maryland where he was admitted to Hospital Division, No 1 at the Naval Academy. Two days later Flacke was sent to Baltimore, Maryland from which he traveled home to Albany, New York. While on leave in Albany, Corporal Charles Flacke and Catherine Heaney were married by the Reverend James E. Duffy at St. Mary's Church on January 18, 1865. In March he rejoined his old unit at Fort McHenry, Maryland. Then, on March 30, he was promoted to Sergeant. Two months later on May 25, 1865 at Fort Federal Hill, Maryland, Sergeant Flacke was separated from the service so that he could be sworn in as a 2nd Lieutenant in Company B of the . He was replacing Lieutenant H.M. Dodge who had been cashiered. Lieutenant Flacke's military career ended on July 25, 1865 when he was mustered out of the army in Baltimore, Maryland.
Stephen Salman (born December 1979) is an American businessman residing in Miami Beach, United States. He is the current president of Phren Labs LLC., founder of the capital investment firm Crown Acquisitions Inc., and is a notable figure in the real estate industry. His private investments came to surface and notoriety during the Miami Beach real estate boom in 2004. Under an alias he co-founded a private investment company that made headlines for receiving mortgages from multiple banks on the same investment by creating "Investment Groups". The group’s formula consisted of both local and European investors to maximize capital eligibility that was previously overlooked. In some cases these groups would receive up to 5 times a property's appraised amount granted by multiple banks whose capital would be used to both begin a new investment and to pay off previous mortgages and investors. Though these transactions were legal at the time it was shut down by banks to avoid future pitfalls if this practice were to catch on with others.
The Alameda-Weehawken Tunnel is a freight tunnel linking the cities of Weehawken and Alameda.
History
Construction of the tunnel began in 1913 and was completed in 1933. The tunnel, the world's first gravity train, was designed by British civil engineer Basil Mott to speed mail deliveries between the two cities. During construction over 22 million tons of rock were removed and just keeping the tunnels cool required more water each day than flows over Niagara Falls. Unfortunately, by the time the tunnel was completed it had been rendered obsolete by the increasingly sophisticated air-mail system and ceased operation in 1936. It lay unused until it was converted to its current use as a transport system for fresh burritos by businessman Robert Cavanaugh in 1979.
Current Operation
Since its reopening in July, 1979, the tunnel has been in operation delivering fresh burritos from suppliers in Alameda to restaurants in Weehawken. A network of pneumatic tubes with computer-controlled routing allow the system to deliver over two thousand burritos per hour. The depth of the tunnel also provides an opportunity for geologic research. It is the only place in the world where scientists can directly study the aesthenosphere.
History
Construction of the tunnel began in 1913 and was completed in 1933. The tunnel, the world's first gravity train, was designed by British civil engineer Basil Mott to speed mail deliveries between the two cities. During construction over 22 million tons of rock were removed and just keeping the tunnels cool required more water each day than flows over Niagara Falls. Unfortunately, by the time the tunnel was completed it had been rendered obsolete by the increasingly sophisticated air-mail system and ceased operation in 1936. It lay unused until it was converted to its current use as a transport system for fresh burritos by businessman Robert Cavanaugh in 1979.
Current Operation
Since its reopening in July, 1979, the tunnel has been in operation delivering fresh burritos from suppliers in Alameda to restaurants in Weehawken. A network of pneumatic tubes with computer-controlled routing allow the system to deliver over two thousand burritos per hour. The depth of the tunnel also provides an opportunity for geologic research. It is the only place in the world where scientists can directly study the aesthenosphere.
Dr. Paul A. Cordopatis is Professor and Chairman of the Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, in the School of Pharmacy of the University of Patras, Greece.
Born on April 1 1947.
Dr. Cordopatis graduated from the University of Patras in 1971. In 1974 he was appointed to the Faculty of Chemistry there as Research and Teaching Assistant; Senior Research and Teaching Assistant (1976). In 1977 he joined the group of Biological Chemistry at the University of Mons in Belgium (Prof. J. Dirkx, Dr. J. Brison) and then the group of Dr. S. Fermandjian at the Department of Biochemistry of CEN Saclay/France (1979) where he worked as Research Fellow. In the Faculty of Chemistry/University of Patras he occupied successively posts of Privat Docent (1981), Assistant Professor (1982) and Associate Professor (1986).
In 1988 Dr. Cordopatis was elected at the School of Pharmacy/University of Patras as Professor of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products. He founded the Unit of Synthetic Peptides. At the present he acts as Head at the School of Pharmacy and Senator.
He is elected as a member of the Executive Committee of the European Peptide Society (EPS). Paul Cordopatis has been the national representative to the EPS council since 2002 and the EPS-Newsletter Editor since 2003. Dr. Cordopatis is also a member of several scientific societies, councils and committees.
Professor Cordopatis organises the biennial International Conference "Hellenic Forum on Bioactive Peptides" which, since 1996, which is under the auspices of the European Peptide Society and the "Leonidas Zervas" Foundation.
He has been the editor, author or co-author of six books and 300 scientific papers in international journals and conference proceedings and 200 articles in national journals and books, in the field of design, synthesis and structure - activity relationships of bioactive peptides.
He is passioned with oenology and he produces his own limited edition, special wine called "APOPEIRA"
Born on April 1 1947.
Dr. Cordopatis graduated from the University of Patras in 1971. In 1974 he was appointed to the Faculty of Chemistry there as Research and Teaching Assistant; Senior Research and Teaching Assistant (1976). In 1977 he joined the group of Biological Chemistry at the University of Mons in Belgium (Prof. J. Dirkx, Dr. J. Brison) and then the group of Dr. S. Fermandjian at the Department of Biochemistry of CEN Saclay/France (1979) where he worked as Research Fellow. In the Faculty of Chemistry/University of Patras he occupied successively posts of Privat Docent (1981), Assistant Professor (1982) and Associate Professor (1986).
In 1988 Dr. Cordopatis was elected at the School of Pharmacy/University of Patras as Professor of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products. He founded the Unit of Synthetic Peptides. At the present he acts as Head at the School of Pharmacy and Senator.
He is elected as a member of the Executive Committee of the European Peptide Society (EPS). Paul Cordopatis has been the national representative to the EPS council since 2002 and the EPS-Newsletter Editor since 2003. Dr. Cordopatis is also a member of several scientific societies, councils and committees.
Professor Cordopatis organises the biennial International Conference "Hellenic Forum on Bioactive Peptides" which, since 1996, which is under the auspices of the European Peptide Society and the "Leonidas Zervas" Foundation.
He has been the editor, author or co-author of six books and 300 scientific papers in international journals and conference proceedings and 200 articles in national journals and books, in the field of design, synthesis and structure - activity relationships of bioactive peptides.
He is passioned with oenology and he produces his own limited edition, special wine called "APOPEIRA"