Es leuchten die Sterne ("The Stars are Shining") is an anti-Semitic Nazi propaganda film that mixes animation and live action footage. The film is two minutes and fifteen seconds long.
The film starts out showing a girl looking through a telescope watching a comet fly through space. When the comet hits the Earth the picture dissolves into a map of Germany with the Star of David and Jewish caricatures superimposed on it, then switches to live action footage, apparently from Der ewige Jude.
What follows then is a series of short segments in which the "flying Jews" fly through and, implicitly, corrupt various aspects of German life: the theatre, a bank, art, industry, alternating with line drawn Jewish caricatures and live action footage.
The cartoon vividly illustrates the Nazi attitude toward the Jews as "pests" who were ruining the German culture and economy.
The film starts out showing a girl looking through a telescope watching a comet fly through space. When the comet hits the Earth the picture dissolves into a map of Germany with the Star of David and Jewish caricatures superimposed on it, then switches to live action footage, apparently from Der ewige Jude.
What follows then is a series of short segments in which the "flying Jews" fly through and, implicitly, corrupt various aspects of German life: the theatre, a bank, art, industry, alternating with line drawn Jewish caricatures and live action footage.
The cartoon vividly illustrates the Nazi attitude toward the Jews as "pests" who were ruining the German culture and economy.
Interpretive science, also known as interpretive research, is a normative understanding of the scientific method contrary to positivist science. It concentrates on the individual's definition of a meaning versus a single universal meaning. It employs the methods of hermeneutics and phenomenology, and is commonly applied in fields such as computer science and organization theory. It has varied in popularity, Aristotle developed the basic model of logic and thought in regards to philosophy of science. In the time of Newton it was common for scientists to recognize limitations of human cognitive and reasoning capabilities due to religious convictions. As the popularity of Uniformitarian and secular thought came to prominence during the Enlightenment, scientists called into question the limits on what can be assessed from evidence. In modern times, Interpretive science is largely limited to academic and sociological applications, with scientists in fields such as Biology rejecting normative theory in favor of positivism. Scientists such as Paul Kurtz agree that following the scientific method requires a degree of self criticism. Interpretive science calls into question the ability of an individual to accurately assess all of the data that is processed, without first making a value judgement.
"...a social construction by human actors....this applies equally to researchers...there is no objective reality which can be discovered by researchers and replicated by others, in contrast to the assumptions of positivist science"-G. Walsham
"ll researchers interpret the world through some sort of conceptual lens formed by their beliefs, previous experiences, existing knowledge, assumptions about the world and theories about knowledge and how it is accrued. The researcher’s conceptual lens acts as a filter: the importance placed on the huge range of observations made in the field (choosing to record or note some observations and not others, for example) is partly determined by this filter"-Carroll and Swatman
Applications and issues
Interpretive science is helpful in determining the validity or non-validity of a chain of evidence. It has been criticized for introducing ethical concepts into fields such as psychoanalysis.
"...a social construction by human actors....this applies equally to researchers...there is no objective reality which can be discovered by researchers and replicated by others, in contrast to the assumptions of positivist science"-G. Walsham
"ll researchers interpret the world through some sort of conceptual lens formed by their beliefs, previous experiences, existing knowledge, assumptions about the world and theories about knowledge and how it is accrued. The researcher’s conceptual lens acts as a filter: the importance placed on the huge range of observations made in the field (choosing to record or note some observations and not others, for example) is partly determined by this filter"-Carroll and Swatman
Applications and issues
Interpretive science is helpful in determining the validity or non-validity of a chain of evidence. It has been criticized for introducing ethical concepts into fields such as psychoanalysis.
Christoph Schwoebel, born 1955, is now Professor of Systematic Theology, University of Tübingen (2004-); he previously held similar positions as Professor of Systematic Theology, University of Kiel (1993-1999), and Professor of Systematic Theology, University of Heidelberg (1999-2004) He did his Doctorate on Martin Rade in (1978), published as Martin Rade : das Verhältnis von Geschichte, Religion und Moral als Grundproblem seiner Theologie by Christoph Schwöbel. Gütersloh : G. Mohn, 1980. ISBN 978-3-579-00166-1.
Selected Books
* God: Action and Revelation. Kampen, the Netherlands : Kok Pharos Pub. House, ©1992. ISBN 978-90-242-3097-6
* Christlicher Glaube im Pluralismus : Studien zu einer Theologie der Kultur Tübingen : Mohr Siebeck, 2003. ISBN 978-3-16-148228-1
* Gott in Beziehung : Studien zur Dogmatik. Tübingen : Mohr Siebeck, 2002. ISBN 978-3-16-147846-8
Other Selected English Publications
*'Wolfhart Pannenberg' in The Modern Theologians, Volume One, ed. David Ford, pp. 257-292 (Blackwell, 1989, 1997 )
*'The Creature of the Word: Recovering the Ecclesiology of the Reformers' in On Being the Church: Essays on the Christian Community, eds. Colin Gunton & Daniel Hardy, pp. 110-155 (T & T Clark, 1989)
*'Particularity, Universality, and the Religions. Toward a Christian Theology of Religions' in Christian Uniqueness Reconsidered, ed. G. D'Costa, pp. 30-45 (Orbis, 1990)
*(eds.) with Colin Gunton, Persons, Divine and Human (T & T Clark, 1991)
*'Introduction' in Persons, Divine and Human, pp. 1-29 (T & T Clark, 1991)
*'Human Being as Relational Being: Twelve Theses for a Christian Anthropology' in Persons, Divine and Human, pp. 141-170 (T & T Clark, 1991)
*'Imago Libertatis: Human and Divine Freedom' in God and Freedom, ed. Colin Gunton, pp. 57-81 (T & T Clark, 1995)
*(ed.) Trinitarian Theology Today: Essays on Divine Being and Act (T & T Clark, 1995)
*'Introduction: The Renaissance of Trinitarian Theology: Reasons, Problems and Tasks' in Trinitarian Theology Today: Essays on Divine Being and Act, pp. 1-30 (T & T Clark, 1995)
*'Christology and Trinitarian Thought' in Trinitarian Theology Today: Essays on Divine Being and Act, pp. 113-146 (T & T Clark, 1995)
*'God, Creation and the Christian Community: The Dogmatic Basis of a Christian Ethic of Createdness' in The Doctrine of Creation, ed. Colin Gunton, pp. 149-176 (T & T Clark, 1997)
*'God is Love. The Model of Love and the Trinity', NZSTh 40:307-328 (1998)
*'Last Things First? The Century of Eschatology in Retrospect' in The Future as God's Gift, eds. David Fergusson and Marcel Sarot, pp. 217-241 (T & T Clark, 2000)
*'Theology' in The Cambridge Companion to Karl Barth, ed. John Webster, pp. 17-36 (Cambridge University Press, 2000)
*'Once Again, Christ and Culture: Remarks on the Christological Bases of a Theology of Culture' in Trinity, Time and Church, ed. Colin Gunton, pp. 103-125 (Eerdmans, 2000)
*'The Church as a Cultural Space. Eschatology and Ecclesiology' in The End of the World and the Ends of God. Science and Theology on Eschatology, eds. John Polkinghorne and M. Welker, pp. 107-123 (Harrisburg / Penns. 2000)
*'Introduction: The Preacher's Art: Preaching Theologically' in Theology Through Preaching by Colin Gunton, pp. 1-20 (T & T Clark, 2001)
*'Radical Monotheism and the Trinity', NZSTh 43:54-74 (2001)
*The Quest for an Adequate Theology of Grace and the Future of Lutheran Theology: A Response to Robert Jenson', Dialog 42.1:24-31 (2003)
*'Reconciliation: From Biblical Observations to Dogmatic Reconstruction' in The Theology of Reconiliation, ed. Colin Gunton, pp. 13-38 (T & T Clark, 2003)
*'A Tribute to Colin Gunton' in The Person of Christ, eds. Murray Rae and Stephen Holmes, pp. 13-18 (T & T Clark, 2005)
*'Christ for Us - Yesterday and Today: A Response to 'The Person of Christ in The Person of Christ, eds. Murray Rae and Stephen Holmes, pp. 182- (T & T Clark, 2005)
*'Recovering Human Dignity' in God and Human Dignity, eds. R. Kendall Soulen & Linda Woodhead, pp. 44-58 (Eerdmans, 2006)
Selected Books
* God: Action and Revelation. Kampen, the Netherlands : Kok Pharos Pub. House, ©1992. ISBN 978-90-242-3097-6
* Christlicher Glaube im Pluralismus : Studien zu einer Theologie der Kultur Tübingen : Mohr Siebeck, 2003. ISBN 978-3-16-148228-1
* Gott in Beziehung : Studien zur Dogmatik. Tübingen : Mohr Siebeck, 2002. ISBN 978-3-16-147846-8
Other Selected English Publications
*'Wolfhart Pannenberg' in The Modern Theologians, Volume One, ed. David Ford, pp. 257-292 (Blackwell, 1989, 1997 )
*'The Creature of the Word: Recovering the Ecclesiology of the Reformers' in On Being the Church: Essays on the Christian Community, eds. Colin Gunton & Daniel Hardy, pp. 110-155 (T & T Clark, 1989)
*'Particularity, Universality, and the Religions. Toward a Christian Theology of Religions' in Christian Uniqueness Reconsidered, ed. G. D'Costa, pp. 30-45 (Orbis, 1990)
*(eds.) with Colin Gunton, Persons, Divine and Human (T & T Clark, 1991)
*'Introduction' in Persons, Divine and Human, pp. 1-29 (T & T Clark, 1991)
*'Human Being as Relational Being: Twelve Theses for a Christian Anthropology' in Persons, Divine and Human, pp. 141-170 (T & T Clark, 1991)
*'Imago Libertatis: Human and Divine Freedom' in God and Freedom, ed. Colin Gunton, pp. 57-81 (T & T Clark, 1995)
*(ed.) Trinitarian Theology Today: Essays on Divine Being and Act (T & T Clark, 1995)
*'Introduction: The Renaissance of Trinitarian Theology: Reasons, Problems and Tasks' in Trinitarian Theology Today: Essays on Divine Being and Act, pp. 1-30 (T & T Clark, 1995)
*'Christology and Trinitarian Thought' in Trinitarian Theology Today: Essays on Divine Being and Act, pp. 113-146 (T & T Clark, 1995)
*'God, Creation and the Christian Community: The Dogmatic Basis of a Christian Ethic of Createdness' in The Doctrine of Creation, ed. Colin Gunton, pp. 149-176 (T & T Clark, 1997)
*'God is Love. The Model of Love and the Trinity', NZSTh 40:307-328 (1998)
*'Last Things First? The Century of Eschatology in Retrospect' in The Future as God's Gift, eds. David Fergusson and Marcel Sarot, pp. 217-241 (T & T Clark, 2000)
*'Theology' in The Cambridge Companion to Karl Barth, ed. John Webster, pp. 17-36 (Cambridge University Press, 2000)
*'Once Again, Christ and Culture: Remarks on the Christological Bases of a Theology of Culture' in Trinity, Time and Church, ed. Colin Gunton, pp. 103-125 (Eerdmans, 2000)
*'The Church as a Cultural Space. Eschatology and Ecclesiology' in The End of the World and the Ends of God. Science and Theology on Eschatology, eds. John Polkinghorne and M. Welker, pp. 107-123 (Harrisburg / Penns. 2000)
*'Introduction: The Preacher's Art: Preaching Theologically' in Theology Through Preaching by Colin Gunton, pp. 1-20 (T & T Clark, 2001)
*'Radical Monotheism and the Trinity', NZSTh 43:54-74 (2001)
*The Quest for an Adequate Theology of Grace and the Future of Lutheran Theology: A Response to Robert Jenson', Dialog 42.1:24-31 (2003)
*'Reconciliation: From Biblical Observations to Dogmatic Reconstruction' in The Theology of Reconiliation, ed. Colin Gunton, pp. 13-38 (T & T Clark, 2003)
*'A Tribute to Colin Gunton' in The Person of Christ, eds. Murray Rae and Stephen Holmes, pp. 13-18 (T & T Clark, 2005)
*'Christ for Us - Yesterday and Today: A Response to 'The Person of Christ in The Person of Christ, eds. Murray Rae and Stephen Holmes, pp. 182- (T & T Clark, 2005)
*'Recovering Human Dignity' in God and Human Dignity, eds. R. Kendall Soulen & Linda Woodhead, pp. 44-58 (Eerdmans, 2006)
Alan Stewart Carl (born September 1975), is an American author. He is known primarily for his flash fiction and literary renderings of alternate realities.
Biography
Alan Stewart Carl, sometimes called the Literary King of Texas (moniker origin unknown), was born and raised in Texas and educated at Trinity University. He lived in Washington, D.C. and New York City—where he worked for St. Martin’s Press, before he eventually settled down in San Antonio with his wife, Jennifer Sutton, a brilliant physician, and their two young children (the younger of whom is credited with creating the Gin Wiki). His mother, Lillian Stewart Carl, is also a well-known writer. In addition to his fiction, Stewart Carl is a prized copy writer and has served as the fiction editor for the cutting-edge journal The Splinter Generation. He was born on September 13, 1974.
Much of his early material was inspired by his formative years as a young adult in New York City, though Stewart Carl insists that one of his favorite things about writing is the ability to break free from one’s own life. “Writing is the most freeing thing I do,” Stewart Carl has said. "As silly as it sounds, I get to be a lover, a killer, a mechanic, a prince (actually, I don’t think I’ve ever written about a prince, but I sure as hell could). I get to recreate the world daily. I get to squeeze this big mess of nonsense into something that contains meaning—at least to me, at least for me. And that’s not nothing. That’s not something everyone gets to do.”
Writing
His work has appeared in Hayden’s Ferry Review, Mid-American Review, PANK, Storyglossia, Necessary Fiction, Flashquake, Monkey Bicycle, DecomP and dozens of other literary journals and reviews. He is a master of the flash- and micro-fiction genres, and taught a well-received lecture on the subject to Antioch University Los Angeles’ MFA program.
Upon hearing Stewart Carl do a live reading of his own work, critically-acclaimed naturalist author Brad Kessler said “that guy knows his Egrets.”
Adept at what literary badboy Steve Almond calls the “lyric register,” Stewart Carl often blends poetry with prose, as in his piece “Green-Haired Girl,” which was first published in Storyglossia:
“She sang for me in colors. And when we lined the room with drugstore candles, the light froze solid around us.”
“He takes his cues from Raymond Carver and Amy Hempel, sure,” said poet Eric Steineger. “But he also speaks the language of John Ashbery and Anne Sexton. His writing goes down as easily as single-malt Scotch, only you don’t realize you’ve finished the bottle and there you are, drunk on words."
Stewart Carl is a leading member of the Bough House Movement, a group of disillusioned young writers (including Steineger, Andrew Killmeier, Jamey Davidsmeyer, the Canadian Kimberly Harkness, Sarah Long and Jessica Emerson) who have adapted the “Think Method” as an approach to novel writing.
“Alan makes me want to be a better writer,” said Long in an interview. “He also makes me feel awful about myself in that I’ll-never-achieve-what-he-has-with-sentences kind of way. He also taught me that there’s no difference between Triple Sec and Blue Curacao aside from the color. And if you think about it, that’s a metaphor for all fiction.”
Stewart Carl has faced some of the same struggles as other great artists and literary giants, but has always maintained that his compulsion to write is what gets him through.
“Writing is the way we slice through the chains that hold us inside ourselves,” Stewart Carl has said. “Writing is how we, for even a moment, stop being so damn lonely.”
His forthcoming novel, Divided, is an alternate reality tour de force about a world literally split in two by love.
Partial Bibliography
“Leap” - Hayden’s Ferry Review
“Touch Me” - JMWW
“My Father Believes” - Kill Author
“What Our Father’s Knew” - Bullmens
“The Boy of Threes” - Necessary Fiction
“Green-Haired Girl” - Storyglossia
“Cast Out” - PANK
“The Nameless” - PANK
“Whatever Happened To Sue Ellen?” - Staccato Fiction
“Beautiful Beast” - Monkey Bicycle
Biography
Alan Stewart Carl, sometimes called the Literary King of Texas (moniker origin unknown), was born and raised in Texas and educated at Trinity University. He lived in Washington, D.C. and New York City—where he worked for St. Martin’s Press, before he eventually settled down in San Antonio with his wife, Jennifer Sutton, a brilliant physician, and their two young children (the younger of whom is credited with creating the Gin Wiki). His mother, Lillian Stewart Carl, is also a well-known writer. In addition to his fiction, Stewart Carl is a prized copy writer and has served as the fiction editor for the cutting-edge journal The Splinter Generation. He was born on September 13, 1974.
Much of his early material was inspired by his formative years as a young adult in New York City, though Stewart Carl insists that one of his favorite things about writing is the ability to break free from one’s own life. “Writing is the most freeing thing I do,” Stewart Carl has said. "As silly as it sounds, I get to be a lover, a killer, a mechanic, a prince (actually, I don’t think I’ve ever written about a prince, but I sure as hell could). I get to recreate the world daily. I get to squeeze this big mess of nonsense into something that contains meaning—at least to me, at least for me. And that’s not nothing. That’s not something everyone gets to do.”
Writing
His work has appeared in Hayden’s Ferry Review, Mid-American Review, PANK, Storyglossia, Necessary Fiction, Flashquake, Monkey Bicycle, DecomP and dozens of other literary journals and reviews. He is a master of the flash- and micro-fiction genres, and taught a well-received lecture on the subject to Antioch University Los Angeles’ MFA program.
Upon hearing Stewart Carl do a live reading of his own work, critically-acclaimed naturalist author Brad Kessler said “that guy knows his Egrets.”
Adept at what literary badboy Steve Almond calls the “lyric register,” Stewart Carl often blends poetry with prose, as in his piece “Green-Haired Girl,” which was first published in Storyglossia:
“She sang for me in colors. And when we lined the room with drugstore candles, the light froze solid around us.”
“He takes his cues from Raymond Carver and Amy Hempel, sure,” said poet Eric Steineger. “But he also speaks the language of John Ashbery and Anne Sexton. His writing goes down as easily as single-malt Scotch, only you don’t realize you’ve finished the bottle and there you are, drunk on words."
Stewart Carl is a leading member of the Bough House Movement, a group of disillusioned young writers (including Steineger, Andrew Killmeier, Jamey Davidsmeyer, the Canadian Kimberly Harkness, Sarah Long and Jessica Emerson) who have adapted the “Think Method” as an approach to novel writing.
“Alan makes me want to be a better writer,” said Long in an interview. “He also makes me feel awful about myself in that I’ll-never-achieve-what-he-has-with-sentences kind of way. He also taught me that there’s no difference between Triple Sec and Blue Curacao aside from the color. And if you think about it, that’s a metaphor for all fiction.”
Stewart Carl has faced some of the same struggles as other great artists and literary giants, but has always maintained that his compulsion to write is what gets him through.
“Writing is the way we slice through the chains that hold us inside ourselves,” Stewart Carl has said. “Writing is how we, for even a moment, stop being so damn lonely.”
His forthcoming novel, Divided, is an alternate reality tour de force about a world literally split in two by love.
Partial Bibliography
“Leap” - Hayden’s Ferry Review
“Touch Me” - JMWW
“My Father Believes” - Kill Author
“What Our Father’s Knew” - Bullmens
“The Boy of Threes” - Necessary Fiction
“Green-Haired Girl” - Storyglossia
“Cast Out” - PANK
“The Nameless” - PANK
“Whatever Happened To Sue Ellen?” - Staccato Fiction
“Beautiful Beast” - Monkey Bicycle