A team of Seton Hall legal scholars, led by Mark Denbeaux, published a list entitled: Defense Department list of terrorist organizations other than the Taliban or al Qaeda in 2006, based on documents released by the US Department of Defense.
A second report on the Guantanamo detainees, entitled: "Inter- and Intra-Departmental Disagreements About Who Is Our Enemy" documented that the Department of Defense was detaining captives for association with organizations that the Department of Homeland Security did not regard as a threat.
The "Defense Department list of terrorist organizations other than the Taliban or al Qaeda" is an appendix to the Denbeaux team's second report.
Contrary to its misleading title, the list was not created by the Department of Defense nor is it used by them. It was compiled by the legal team from their interpretation of Combatant Status Review Tribunals summaries and transcripts.
A second report on the Guantanamo detainees, entitled: "Inter- and Intra-Departmental Disagreements About Who Is Our Enemy" documented that the Department of Defense was detaining captives for association with organizations that the Department of Homeland Security did not regard as a threat.
The "Defense Department list of terrorist organizations other than the Taliban or al Qaeda" is an appendix to the Denbeaux team's second report.
Contrary to its misleading title, the list was not created by the Department of Defense nor is it used by them. It was compiled by the legal team from their interpretation of Combatant Status Review Tribunals summaries and transcripts.
The relationship between guns and crime is a controversial measure for the appropriate degree of firearm regulation in some countries, such as the United States. One major aspect of the argument involves potential positive or negative correlations that many argue exist between crime, especially violent crime, and gun ownership. Both sides actively debate the relevance of gun laws and self-defense in modern society. Correlations are, of course, hard to establish, because countries with different gun laws are never the same in all other aspects.
United Kingdom vs Switzerland
A European example would be to compare the violent crime levels of the United Kingdom, which has very strict rules against gun ownership, with Switzerland, which has fully automatic assault rifles in 14% of homes. According to the British Home Office, Switzerland had a homicide rate per 100,000 of 1.2 average over the years 1999-2001, which is less than England & Wales at 1.61, although Scotland is higher at 2.16, while Northern Ireland - with its historically exceptional conditions - is at 2.65. The latter compares with the Republic of Ireland (with similar gun control laws to the UK) at 1.42.
These data indicate a negative correlation between gun ownership and crime. However, simple correlative evidence concerning two examples is inconclusive as to causation. Put another way, these data do not conclusively indicate that the higher gun ownership rate in Switzerland is a cause of that country's lower homicide rate, although that conclusion is frequently drawn. In addition, the prevalence of firearms in Switzerland is a direct result of its rigidly-controlled citizen army comprising most of the adult male population, who keep their service weapons at home, and so can be viewed as an exceptional case not directly comparable to other countries, even those with a high level of private firearms ownership.
Australia vs USA
Australia has always had tougher gun laws than the USA, despite its own frontier history and its cultural similarities to the United States. In 2003-04 (financial year) in Australia, 53 out of 305 homicides involved the use of firearms (17%) , while in the United States the number for 2004 was 10,654 out of a total of 16,138 homicides (66%) . It is useful to note that, excluding murders by firearm, that the USA still has a much higher rate than Australia (252 from 20 million versus 5,484 out of 278 million, equating to approximately double the rate of Australia).
Brady Bill correlation with crime in the US
The 1993 US Brady Bill is an example of a gun control law that some believe correlates with a decrease in overall crime levels. Critics of the Brady Bill argue that the reduction was driven more by improving economic and other factors than by the gun control regulations, and further point out that during this same period, many states began issuing concealed carry licenses (48 states as of 2007), resulting in increasing numbers of lawfully armed citizens. Furthermore the drop in gun crime started in 1993, one year before the Brady Bill took effect. Because the Brady Bill was a national law, some claim that the measurement of its results must be treated as a single sample. That is, it should be considered to have no more nor less weight than the findings after a change in the laws of a single state or municipality.
Federal Assault Weapons Ban correlation with crime in the US
The 1994 federal Assault Weapons Ban, which recently sunset, led to no obvious change in firearms crime rates during its ten year run, and no statistics are currently available to show if the removal of this ban has had any effect.
United Kingdom vs Switzerland
A European example would be to compare the violent crime levels of the United Kingdom, which has very strict rules against gun ownership, with Switzerland, which has fully automatic assault rifles in 14% of homes. According to the British Home Office, Switzerland had a homicide rate per 100,000 of 1.2 average over the years 1999-2001, which is less than England & Wales at 1.61, although Scotland is higher at 2.16, while Northern Ireland - with its historically exceptional conditions - is at 2.65. The latter compares with the Republic of Ireland (with similar gun control laws to the UK) at 1.42.
These data indicate a negative correlation between gun ownership and crime. However, simple correlative evidence concerning two examples is inconclusive as to causation. Put another way, these data do not conclusively indicate that the higher gun ownership rate in Switzerland is a cause of that country's lower homicide rate, although that conclusion is frequently drawn. In addition, the prevalence of firearms in Switzerland is a direct result of its rigidly-controlled citizen army comprising most of the adult male population, who keep their service weapons at home, and so can be viewed as an exceptional case not directly comparable to other countries, even those with a high level of private firearms ownership.
Australia vs USA
Australia has always had tougher gun laws than the USA, despite its own frontier history and its cultural similarities to the United States. In 2003-04 (financial year) in Australia, 53 out of 305 homicides involved the use of firearms (17%) , while in the United States the number for 2004 was 10,654 out of a total of 16,138 homicides (66%) . It is useful to note that, excluding murders by firearm, that the USA still has a much higher rate than Australia (252 from 20 million versus 5,484 out of 278 million, equating to approximately double the rate of Australia).
Brady Bill correlation with crime in the US
The 1993 US Brady Bill is an example of a gun control law that some believe correlates with a decrease in overall crime levels. Critics of the Brady Bill argue that the reduction was driven more by improving economic and other factors than by the gun control regulations, and further point out that during this same period, many states began issuing concealed carry licenses (48 states as of 2007), resulting in increasing numbers of lawfully armed citizens. Furthermore the drop in gun crime started in 1993, one year before the Brady Bill took effect. Because the Brady Bill was a national law, some claim that the measurement of its results must be treated as a single sample. That is, it should be considered to have no more nor less weight than the findings after a change in the laws of a single state or municipality.
Federal Assault Weapons Ban correlation with crime in the US
The 1994 federal Assault Weapons Ban, which recently sunset, led to no obvious change in firearms crime rates during its ten year run, and no statistics are currently available to show if the removal of this ban has had any effect.
is located on the University of Canterbury campus in Christchurch, New Zealand. Geography encourages students to take a holistic view of the world and their place in it: it's about putting knowledge together, rather than taking it apart. It focuses on the relationships between people, their places and their environments, and the ways in which these can be made more sustainable for the future.
About the Department of Geography - University of Canterbury
The Department of Geography at the University of Canterbury is the oldest Geography department in , founded in 1937. It was set up by , who was responsible for attracting a young Kenneth Coumberland to NZ in 1938. This is described in the extract from Cumberland's memoir published in the NZ Geographer in April 2007. It was while at Canterbury that Cumberland wrote his famous book drawing attention to New Zealand's soil erosion problem, published in 1944. Cumberland went on to found the Auckland Geography department in 1946. Other notable geographers at Canterbury include RJ Johnston (1967-74), Jane Soons (1961-1993 first women geomorphologist of note in Australiasia and a mentor to women still in the ANZGG) and PJ Perry (1966-91).
The Department of Geography is housed in extensive purpose-built accommodation, dating from the mid 1970s. The main, 6 level, block houses graduate students, a full time academic staff of fourteen, short and long term visitors, as well as GIS and computing labs on the top floor. An allied university research and teaching centre, , occupies the ground floor.
There is also an adjacent three level lab block, which has teaching rooms, physical laboratories, a well equipped departmental Geography Library, and other services such as cartography, graphics and workshops. Another two allied university facilities, the National Centre for Research on Europe, and the , are also located in this block.
The undergraduate curriculum is structured around four 'pathways', after introductory integrated courses at 100 level each taught by teams of physical and human geographers.The pathways are: physical geography; human geography; Geographic Information Systems and Environmental Remote Sensing, and Resource and Environmental Management.
Graduate coursework students are spread across a range of courses in physical and human geography, GIS, remote sensing, and in resource assessment and management. Usually there are between 25 and 30 coursework students in Geography, with half as many again coming in to take particular papers from other departments.
Thesis students are either engaged in Masters degrees or PhDs. Currently there are between 30 and 40 thesis students working in the department. The South Island is an ideal laboratory for many fields of physical geography, such as climate, coastal and alpine studies. New Zealand, with its history of experimentation in economic and environmental management, social relations and land rights, also has some specific human geographies that repay close research.
Geography has a number of adjunct fellows, postdoctoral fellows, and a steady stream of visitors, all of whom add to the intellectual life of the department and work closely with graduates. The university’s Erskine Fund pays for three prestige visitors to spend periods of up to a semester with us each year, and the department also pays for its own visiting lecturer from overseas for each academic year. In the past several years such eminent academics as Professor's Peter Haggett, Richard Peet, Audrey Kobayashi, Tim O'Riordan, Jan Monk, Colin Ballantyne, and Robin Flowerdew have all spent time teaching and researching in the department over the past years.
The Department of Geography at the University of Canterbury is one of the only true Geography Departments left in the world - it is the only Department of Geography in Australasia. Most others have been split (with physical geographers going into Geosciences or Earth Science, and human geographers going into planning or sociology type schools) or the geographers have been merged into bigger schools (with planning, architecture, geology, environmental science etc)
The Department of Geography has the only significant programme in health geographies in NZ, with a that focuses on a range of GIS-supported research areas, in partnership with the Public Health Intelligence Unit of the Ministry of Health.
About the Department of Geography - University of Canterbury
The Department of Geography at the University of Canterbury is the oldest Geography department in , founded in 1937. It was set up by , who was responsible for attracting a young Kenneth Coumberland to NZ in 1938. This is described in the extract from Cumberland's memoir published in the NZ Geographer in April 2007. It was while at Canterbury that Cumberland wrote his famous book drawing attention to New Zealand's soil erosion problem, published in 1944. Cumberland went on to found the Auckland Geography department in 1946. Other notable geographers at Canterbury include RJ Johnston (1967-74), Jane Soons (1961-1993 first women geomorphologist of note in Australiasia and a mentor to women still in the ANZGG) and PJ Perry (1966-91).
The Department of Geography is housed in extensive purpose-built accommodation, dating from the mid 1970s. The main, 6 level, block houses graduate students, a full time academic staff of fourteen, short and long term visitors, as well as GIS and computing labs on the top floor. An allied university research and teaching centre, , occupies the ground floor.
There is also an adjacent three level lab block, which has teaching rooms, physical laboratories, a well equipped departmental Geography Library, and other services such as cartography, graphics and workshops. Another two allied university facilities, the National Centre for Research on Europe, and the , are also located in this block.
The undergraduate curriculum is structured around four 'pathways', after introductory integrated courses at 100 level each taught by teams of physical and human geographers.The pathways are: physical geography; human geography; Geographic Information Systems and Environmental Remote Sensing, and Resource and Environmental Management.
Graduate coursework students are spread across a range of courses in physical and human geography, GIS, remote sensing, and in resource assessment and management. Usually there are between 25 and 30 coursework students in Geography, with half as many again coming in to take particular papers from other departments.
Thesis students are either engaged in Masters degrees or PhDs. Currently there are between 30 and 40 thesis students working in the department. The South Island is an ideal laboratory for many fields of physical geography, such as climate, coastal and alpine studies. New Zealand, with its history of experimentation in economic and environmental management, social relations and land rights, also has some specific human geographies that repay close research.
Geography has a number of adjunct fellows, postdoctoral fellows, and a steady stream of visitors, all of whom add to the intellectual life of the department and work closely with graduates. The university’s Erskine Fund pays for three prestige visitors to spend periods of up to a semester with us each year, and the department also pays for its own visiting lecturer from overseas for each academic year. In the past several years such eminent academics as Professor's Peter Haggett, Richard Peet, Audrey Kobayashi, Tim O'Riordan, Jan Monk, Colin Ballantyne, and Robin Flowerdew have all spent time teaching and researching in the department over the past years.
The Department of Geography at the University of Canterbury is one of the only true Geography Departments left in the world - it is the only Department of Geography in Australasia. Most others have been split (with physical geographers going into Geosciences or Earth Science, and human geographers going into planning or sociology type schools) or the geographers have been merged into bigger schools (with planning, architecture, geology, environmental science etc)
The Department of Geography has the only significant programme in health geographies in NZ, with a that focuses on a range of GIS-supported research areas, in partnership with the Public Health Intelligence Unit of the Ministry of Health.
Arthur Adler was a Gambino crime family associate and brother of Sanford Adler. Sanford invested in Benjamin Siegel's The Flamingo casino. Later within 24 hours of Seigel's execution in Virginia Hill's Beverly Hills home at 810 North Linden Drive on June 20, 1947. Following the murder Joe Rosen, David Berman, Charlie Resnick were kidnapped by Joe Rosen divided up their shares of The Flamingo. This included Siegel's mistress Virginia Hill's pimp Joe Epstein and Meyer Lansky along with Gus Greenbaum and Moe Sedway. Arthur's brother Sanford took The Flamingo's gaming license and failed to make an adequate profit after the death of Seigel. In an angry fit he went to the Tax Commission in Carson City and physically hit mobster Morris Rosen, and within 24 hours disposed of his stock in the Flamingo and fled to California. Sanford's brother, Arthur Adler was murdered by Anthony Spilotro.
Further reading
*Moquin, Wayne and Charles Lincoln Van Doren. The American Way of Crime: A Documentary History. New York: Praeger, 1976. ISBN 0275220605
Adler, Arthur
Further reading
*Moquin, Wayne and Charles Lincoln Van Doren. The American Way of Crime: A Documentary History. New York: Praeger, 1976. ISBN 0275220605
Adler, Arthur