Seed of a concept:
(Note: This stub article should evolve differently than Child Support Policy in the United States)
I believe that an article is needed to provide a broad overview of the issues involved in child support policy. Many pages exist that provide information about policy implementations in particular countries.
North American child support law was based on traditional British common law practice up until 1990. Federal reforms in the US from 1975, 1984, and finally 1988 changed all that (1990 the year of first non-British common law type implementation). This was a fundamental change that completely swapped out the British common law approach for one based on the Soviet model (well documented and currently being discussed much on talk radio). People interested in the topic held their breath awaiting constitutional rulings on the reforms. In 1993, in P.O.P.S. V Gardner, a federal appeals court accepted the reforms by reclassifying family issues as "social policy" (it was private issue law with a high degree of constitutional protection). "Social policy" does not have the constitutional protections that relate back to British common law and the classic liberal relationship between the individual and the state. An example of social policy is the setting of welfare entitlements. Recipients have no rights other than equal treatment under law. It was this fundamental change that also led to rulings by state courts on same-sex marriage. Once the constitutional requirement became "equal treatment" on ONLY equal treatment, some state courts found it necessary to treat same-sex couples equally in their desire to marry. Other countries used in the current article here followed suit.
web references
*
*
*
*
*
*
Other references:
* Braver, Sanford L., and Diane O'Connell (1998). Divorced Dads: Shattering the Myths. Penguin Putnam, Inc.
* Baskerville, Stephen (2007). Taken into Custody, the War Against Fathers, Marriage, and the Family. Cumberland House, Tennessee.
* RSFSR (1969) Article 68 of the Russian Soviet Family code established July 30, 1969; one quarter of earnings for one child, one third for two, and one half for three or more (modified by Code No. 223-FZ of December 29, 1995; see RFFLC, 1995)
* RFFLC (1995) Article 81 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation No. 223-FZ of December 29, 1995 (still applies a percent-of-income formula, see RSFSR, 1969)
(Note: This stub article should evolve differently than Child Support Policy in the United States)
I believe that an article is needed to provide a broad overview of the issues involved in child support policy. Many pages exist that provide information about policy implementations in particular countries.
North American child support law was based on traditional British common law practice up until 1990. Federal reforms in the US from 1975, 1984, and finally 1988 changed all that (1990 the year of first non-British common law type implementation). This was a fundamental change that completely swapped out the British common law approach for one based on the Soviet model (well documented and currently being discussed much on talk radio). People interested in the topic held their breath awaiting constitutional rulings on the reforms. In 1993, in P.O.P.S. V Gardner, a federal appeals court accepted the reforms by reclassifying family issues as "social policy" (it was private issue law with a high degree of constitutional protection). "Social policy" does not have the constitutional protections that relate back to British common law and the classic liberal relationship between the individual and the state. An example of social policy is the setting of welfare entitlements. Recipients have no rights other than equal treatment under law. It was this fundamental change that also led to rulings by state courts on same-sex marriage. Once the constitutional requirement became "equal treatment" on ONLY equal treatment, some state courts found it necessary to treat same-sex couples equally in their desire to marry. Other countries used in the current article here followed suit.
web references
*
*
*
*
*
*
Other references:
* Braver, Sanford L., and Diane O'Connell (1998). Divorced Dads: Shattering the Myths. Penguin Putnam, Inc.
* Baskerville, Stephen (2007). Taken into Custody, the War Against Fathers, Marriage, and the Family. Cumberland House, Tennessee.
* RSFSR (1969) Article 68 of the Russian Soviet Family code established July 30, 1969; one quarter of earnings for one child, one third for two, and one half for three or more (modified by Code No. 223-FZ of December 29, 1995; see RFFLC, 1995)
* RFFLC (1995) Article 81 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation No. 223-FZ of December 29, 1995 (still applies a percent-of-income formula, see RSFSR, 1969)
The is a group of independent Christian musicians, singers, songwriters, bands, and performers of various genres in Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Kentucky, and Michigan. The OVCMA is a forum in which these independent artists can share their music with the general public and with each other, as well as network each other's services. For example, a music composer can collaborate with a lyricist to create songs, or a band which has no original material can obtain songs from one of the OVCMA's independent songwriters.
The OVCMA hosts several public events throughout the year, all of which are free to the general public. These events include a SpringFest in Washington County, OH and an all-day PraiseFest in the fall at the Noble County, OH Fairgrounds in Caldwell, OH. As of October 2007, the OVCMA is planning events for 2008 in Carroll County, OH and Belmont County, OH.
The OVCMA has members in many genres of Christian music, including Country, Bluegrass, Southern Gospel, CCM, Christian Rock, Alternative, Metal, Rap, R&B, Urban Gospel, Folk, and more.
History
SpringFest 2006
The first official event hosted by the OVCMA was the SpringFest in 2006. Independent Christian artists , , , and provided free live music at Riverfront Park in Marietta, Ohio.
PraiseFest 2006
The OVCMA hosted the first annual OVCMA PraiseFest on October 14, 2006 at the Noble County Fairgrounds in Caldwell, Ohio. The all-day event featured , , , , , , the , , , and .
The PraiseFest (originally called the Praise the Lord Day) was started in Noble County in 1980 by the Noble County Men's Prayer Fellowship and was organized by Pastor John Irvin for 25 years. In 2006, the OVCMA took over responsibility for the Praise The Lord Day and changed the name to PraiseFest. The Noble County PraiseFest continues to be a notable
PraiseFest 2007
The second annual PraiseFest took place on October 13, 2007 at the Noble County Fairgrounds in Caldwell, Ohio, and featured , , , , , , , , , , Clarence Rauleigh Wells, Jr.,, , , and .
OVCMA Awards 2007
The OVCMA also presented the first at the 2007 Noble County PraiseFest. Each ministry that participated (listed in the previous paragraph) were given a 2007 Golden Voice Award.
Winners of the Golden Voice Awards from 2006 were 1point25, The Believers, the Friendship Four, the Gable Brothers Band, Jim Blair and the Southern Gospelaires, Krusade, Shannon Lauer, Danny LeMasters, The Real Life Band, Tim Thomas, Touch of Grace, Under The Son, and Clarence Rauleigh Wells, Jr.
, , , and all went home with two awards each. In addition to the Golden Voice Award, Set Free was named CCM Artist of the Year and Delivered was named Country Gospel Artist of the Year. Although they were unable to attend the event, the Peacemakers received awards for Bluegrass Gospel Artist of the Year and the Angel Award for overall excellence in musical ministry. One Accord, also not in attendance, received awards for Southern Gospel Artist of the Year and Southern Gospel Album of the Year for "He Carried Me."
received three awards: a 2007 Golden Voice Award and Christian Rock Artist of the Year, and frontman Nathan Davis took Christian Rock Song of the Year for "At The End" from their soon-to-be-released debut album, "We Just Wanna Dance."
were awarded Bluegrass Gospel Album of the Year for "Sweet Jordan", received Christian Country Album of the Year for their new self-titled CD, took home the CCM Album of the Year for "Word of Mouth", and received Christian Rock Album of the Year for "Deeper Reason."
Marvin Clark was named winner of Country Gospel Song of the Year for his original song, "Thanks" from the album of the same name by , as well as Bluegrass Song of the Year for "Jesus is Always There" recorded by on their album, "Through The Clouds." Southern Gospel Song of the Year went to Tony C. Petry for "I See Him" from the album, "Everlasting" by , and Travis Wells took home CCM Song of the Year for "Inside" from album, "Contact."
Louise Berry received the only award given to a recipient who is not a Christian music artist: the Hands-and-Feet Award for her "invaluable support" of the PraiseFest.
The OVCMA hosts several public events throughout the year, all of which are free to the general public. These events include a SpringFest in Washington County, OH and an all-day PraiseFest in the fall at the Noble County, OH Fairgrounds in Caldwell, OH. As of October 2007, the OVCMA is planning events for 2008 in Carroll County, OH and Belmont County, OH.
The OVCMA has members in many genres of Christian music, including Country, Bluegrass, Southern Gospel, CCM, Christian Rock, Alternative, Metal, Rap, R&B, Urban Gospel, Folk, and more.
History
SpringFest 2006
The first official event hosted by the OVCMA was the SpringFest in 2006. Independent Christian artists , , , and provided free live music at Riverfront Park in Marietta, Ohio.
PraiseFest 2006
The OVCMA hosted the first annual OVCMA PraiseFest on October 14, 2006 at the Noble County Fairgrounds in Caldwell, Ohio. The all-day event featured , , , , , , the , , , and .
The PraiseFest (originally called the Praise the Lord Day) was started in Noble County in 1980 by the Noble County Men's Prayer Fellowship and was organized by Pastor John Irvin for 25 years. In 2006, the OVCMA took over responsibility for the Praise The Lord Day and changed the name to PraiseFest. The Noble County PraiseFest continues to be a notable
PraiseFest 2007
The second annual PraiseFest took place on October 13, 2007 at the Noble County Fairgrounds in Caldwell, Ohio, and featured , , , , , , , , , , Clarence Rauleigh Wells, Jr.,, , , and .
OVCMA Awards 2007
The OVCMA also presented the first at the 2007 Noble County PraiseFest. Each ministry that participated (listed in the previous paragraph) were given a 2007 Golden Voice Award.
Winners of the Golden Voice Awards from 2006 were 1point25, The Believers, the Friendship Four, the Gable Brothers Band, Jim Blair and the Southern Gospelaires, Krusade, Shannon Lauer, Danny LeMasters, The Real Life Band, Tim Thomas, Touch of Grace, Under The Son, and Clarence Rauleigh Wells, Jr.
, , , and all went home with two awards each. In addition to the Golden Voice Award, Set Free was named CCM Artist of the Year and Delivered was named Country Gospel Artist of the Year. Although they were unable to attend the event, the Peacemakers received awards for Bluegrass Gospel Artist of the Year and the Angel Award for overall excellence in musical ministry. One Accord, also not in attendance, received awards for Southern Gospel Artist of the Year and Southern Gospel Album of the Year for "He Carried Me."
received three awards: a 2007 Golden Voice Award and Christian Rock Artist of the Year, and frontman Nathan Davis took Christian Rock Song of the Year for "At The End" from their soon-to-be-released debut album, "We Just Wanna Dance."
were awarded Bluegrass Gospel Album of the Year for "Sweet Jordan", received Christian Country Album of the Year for their new self-titled CD, took home the CCM Album of the Year for "Word of Mouth", and received Christian Rock Album of the Year for "Deeper Reason."
Marvin Clark was named winner of Country Gospel Song of the Year for his original song, "Thanks" from the album of the same name by , as well as Bluegrass Song of the Year for "Jesus is Always There" recorded by on their album, "Through The Clouds." Southern Gospel Song of the Year went to Tony C. Petry for "I See Him" from the album, "Everlasting" by , and Travis Wells took home CCM Song of the Year for "Inside" from album, "Contact."
Louise Berry received the only award given to a recipient who is not a Christian music artist: the Hands-and-Feet Award for her "invaluable support" of the PraiseFest.
Films Featuring Buses
*The Magic School Bus (1994)- Scholastic's The Magic School Bus - USA (complete title)
*Get on the Bus (1996)
*Che si shi si (2001)- aka "Bus 44" - (English title)
*Riding the Bus with My Sister (2005) (TV)
*The Bus Stops Here (2003)
*The Wayward Bus (1957)
*Bus Rider's Union (1999) Starring Della Bonna with additional material by Tom Cantrell
*The Bus Stop Movie (1999) – directed by Chris Moran
*The Runaway Bus (1954)
*Fatty Drives the Bus (1999) directed by Mick Napier. Starring Robert Waiting.
*500 Bus Stops(1997) (mini)
*Girls on the Bus (2006) written by Don Todd
*Beauty and the Bus (1933)
*Hobbies: Model Bus Collector (2002) starring Pete Avery
* (1988)
Books Featuring Buses
*School Bus by Donald Crews
*Wheels on the Bus (Read and Share) by Andy Cooke (Paperback - Sep 1, 1999)
*The Christmas Bus by Melody Carlson (Hardcover - Oct 1, 2006)
*Love Bus Stop (Yaoi) by Ritsu Natsumizu (Paperback - Oct 24, 2007)
*Bus Driver Who Wanted To Be God by Etgar Keret (Paperback - April 30, 2004)
*The Naked Bus Driver by Marshall B., Jr. Allen (Paperback - May 15, 2005)
Bus Museums and Collections
*The Amersham & District Motorbus Society website.
*The Aston Manor Road Transport Museum in Birmingham.
*The Cambridge Omnibus Society by Richard Haughey.
*The Cardiff Transport Preservation Group, preserving the buses of South Wales.
*The Castle Point Transport Museum, Canvey Island, Essex.
*The Coventry Transport Museum.
*The Crosville Enthusiasts Club.
*The Cumbria Omnibus Group is restoring an ex Cumberland Bristol MW.
*The East Anglia Transport Museum at Carlton Colville, near Lowestoft.
*Eastern National Leyland Titan LEV 917 is owned by the Springhill Vehicle Preservation Group.
*Eastern Counties buses at the Eastern Transport Collection, Norwich.
*The East Sussex Omnibus Society site with great Eastbourne and Southdown images.
*"FoKAB", the well-known Friends of King Alfred Buses have a fine website.
*The Hertfordshire Vehicle Preservation Group website.
*The Historic Commercial Vehicle Association Tempe Museum, Sydney, Australia.
*The Historic Commercial Vehicle Society .
*The Hull & Country Bus Preservation Group.
*The Lancashire United Transport Society website with a complete fleet list.
*The Lancastrian Transport Trust has an attractive site about them and their vehicles.
*The Leyland Society.
*Lincolnshire Vintage Vehicle Society have a fine collection of buses.
*London Bus Preservation Trust (Cobham) by Nick Abbott.
*London Omnibus Traction Society ('LOTS') have a site about their organisation.
*The Wealdstone & District Home Page with details of their preserved
*The Merseyside Transport Trust (previously the Mersey & Calder Bus Preservation Group).
*The National Association of Road Transport Museums lists museums all over the UK.
*Nottingham Transport Heritage Centre has an extensive regional bus collection.
*Oldham 163 Preservation Group and their Oldham Atlantean.
*The Omnibus Society, founded in 1929.
*The Plymouth & District Coaches collection of classic vehicles.
*The City of Portsmouth Preserved Transport Depot at Portchester.
*Routemaster Operators & Owners Association by Phil Willson.
*The Dutch Routemaster Society.
*A comprehensive site about the Scottish Vintage Bus Museum, by Jim Crichton.
*Sheffield Bus Museum Trust website by Neil Worthington.
*The Southdown Enthusiasts Club was founded in 1954.
*The Swindon Vintage Omnibus Society has preserved a Swindon Daimler and a Bristol RESL.
*Teesside buses preserved by The 500 Group, with histories of local The Transport Ticket Society Website has an excellent coverage of this specialist subject.
*The National Transport Museum of Ireland has a large collection of Irish vehicles.
*The Transport Enthusiasts Club of Ireland website has information about preserved Irish Buses.
*The Transport Yorkshire Preservation Group and their vehicles, with a list of all W.Yorkshire PTE survivors.
*The Trojan Museum Trust, with a history of the company.
*The West of England Transport Collection at Winkleigh, Devon. An excellent site.
*The Wigan Transport Society has an interest in vehicles with a Lancashire connection.
*The Wirral Transport Museum website (Wallasey, Birkenhead, Chester etc.).
*The Worcester Bus Preservation Society and their Midland Red vehicles.
*The 680 Preservation Group website, about their restoration of a Tyne & Wear Atlantean.
*The 910 Preservation Group have a Potteries Atlantean and other vehicles.
Legendary/mythical Buses
*In Louis Duvall's modern interpretation of the book of Myths and Legends, on Judgement Day the Devil took the lost souls to hell in an old stagecoach/trolley bus.
*In The Simpsons, a regular character, Otto Mann is the bus driver, who takes Bart and Lisa to school and back. His motto is "Never Crash the Bus".
*In the Speed (2005),starring Keanu Reeves, the bus took on legendary status, and became a popular spotting icon among moquettes in the US.
*A popular folk tale tells of a bus which picks up people and takes them to their favourite destinations. The FIT Bus (abbreviated from the Gaelic fiteáilte, meaning healthy)
*The Magic School Bus (1994)- Scholastic's The Magic School Bus - USA (complete title)
*Get on the Bus (1996)
*Che si shi si (2001)- aka "Bus 44" - (English title)
*Riding the Bus with My Sister (2005) (TV)
*The Bus Stops Here (2003)
*The Wayward Bus (1957)
*Bus Rider's Union (1999) Starring Della Bonna with additional material by Tom Cantrell
*The Bus Stop Movie (1999) – directed by Chris Moran
*The Runaway Bus (1954)
*Fatty Drives the Bus (1999) directed by Mick Napier. Starring Robert Waiting.
*500 Bus Stops(1997) (mini)
*Girls on the Bus (2006) written by Don Todd
*Beauty and the Bus (1933)
*Hobbies: Model Bus Collector (2002) starring Pete Avery
* (1988)
Books Featuring Buses
*School Bus by Donald Crews
*Wheels on the Bus (Read and Share) by Andy Cooke (Paperback - Sep 1, 1999)
*The Christmas Bus by Melody Carlson (Hardcover - Oct 1, 2006)
*Love Bus Stop (Yaoi) by Ritsu Natsumizu (Paperback - Oct 24, 2007)
*Bus Driver Who Wanted To Be God by Etgar Keret (Paperback - April 30, 2004)
*The Naked Bus Driver by Marshall B., Jr. Allen (Paperback - May 15, 2005)
Bus Museums and Collections
*The Amersham & District Motorbus Society website.
*The Aston Manor Road Transport Museum in Birmingham.
*The Cambridge Omnibus Society by Richard Haughey.
*The Cardiff Transport Preservation Group, preserving the buses of South Wales.
*The Castle Point Transport Museum, Canvey Island, Essex.
*The Coventry Transport Museum.
*The Crosville Enthusiasts Club.
*The Cumbria Omnibus Group is restoring an ex Cumberland Bristol MW.
*The East Anglia Transport Museum at Carlton Colville, near Lowestoft.
*Eastern National Leyland Titan LEV 917 is owned by the Springhill Vehicle Preservation Group.
*Eastern Counties buses at the Eastern Transport Collection, Norwich.
*The East Sussex Omnibus Society site with great Eastbourne and Southdown images.
*"FoKAB", the well-known Friends of King Alfred Buses have a fine website.
*The Hertfordshire Vehicle Preservation Group website.
*The Historic Commercial Vehicle Association Tempe Museum, Sydney, Australia.
*The Historic Commercial Vehicle Society .
*The Hull & Country Bus Preservation Group.
*The Lancashire United Transport Society website with a complete fleet list.
*The Lancastrian Transport Trust has an attractive site about them and their vehicles.
*The Leyland Society.
*Lincolnshire Vintage Vehicle Society have a fine collection of buses.
*London Bus Preservation Trust (Cobham) by Nick Abbott.
*London Omnibus Traction Society ('LOTS') have a site about their organisation.
*The Wealdstone & District Home Page with details of their preserved
*The Merseyside Transport Trust (previously the Mersey & Calder Bus Preservation Group).
*The National Association of Road Transport Museums lists museums all over the UK.
*Nottingham Transport Heritage Centre has an extensive regional bus collection.
*Oldham 163 Preservation Group and their Oldham Atlantean.
*The Omnibus Society, founded in 1929.
*The Plymouth & District Coaches collection of classic vehicles.
*The City of Portsmouth Preserved Transport Depot at Portchester.
*Routemaster Operators & Owners Association by Phil Willson.
*The Dutch Routemaster Society.
*A comprehensive site about the Scottish Vintage Bus Museum, by Jim Crichton.
*Sheffield Bus Museum Trust website by Neil Worthington.
*The Southdown Enthusiasts Club was founded in 1954.
*The Swindon Vintage Omnibus Society has preserved a Swindon Daimler and a Bristol RESL.
*Teesside buses preserved by The 500 Group, with histories of local The Transport Ticket Society Website has an excellent coverage of this specialist subject.
*The National Transport Museum of Ireland has a large collection of Irish vehicles.
*The Transport Enthusiasts Club of Ireland website has information about preserved Irish Buses.
*The Transport Yorkshire Preservation Group and their vehicles, with a list of all W.Yorkshire PTE survivors.
*The Trojan Museum Trust, with a history of the company.
*The West of England Transport Collection at Winkleigh, Devon. An excellent site.
*The Wigan Transport Society has an interest in vehicles with a Lancashire connection.
*The Wirral Transport Museum website (Wallasey, Birkenhead, Chester etc.).
*The Worcester Bus Preservation Society and their Midland Red vehicles.
*The 680 Preservation Group website, about their restoration of a Tyne & Wear Atlantean.
*The 910 Preservation Group have a Potteries Atlantean and other vehicles.
Legendary/mythical Buses
*In Louis Duvall's modern interpretation of the book of Myths and Legends, on Judgement Day the Devil took the lost souls to hell in an old stagecoach/trolley bus.
*In The Simpsons, a regular character, Otto Mann is the bus driver, who takes Bart and Lisa to school and back. His motto is "Never Crash the Bus".
*In the Speed (2005),starring Keanu Reeves, the bus took on legendary status, and became a popular spotting icon among moquettes in the US.
*A popular folk tale tells of a bus which picks up people and takes them to their favourite destinations. The FIT Bus (abbreviated from the Gaelic fiteáilte, meaning healthy)
The Korean wall is a concrete barrier allegedly built along the length of the DMZ in South Korea between 1977 and 1979. The nature of the barrier is disputed.
North Korea contends that "In the area south of the Military Demarcation Line, which cuts across our country at its waist, there is a concrete wall which...stretches more than 240 km (150 mi) from east to west, is five to eight meters (16 to 26 ft) high, 10 to 19 m (32 to 62 ft) thick at the bottom, and 3 to 7 m (10 to 23 ft) wide in the upper part. It is set with wire entanglements and dotted with gun embrasures, look-outs and varieties of military establishments....the South Korean rulers built this wall over a period of many years from 1977. They consumed over 800,000 tons of cement, over 200,000 tons of steel, and over 3.5 million cubic meters (123.6 million cu ft) of gravel and sand...".
The south side of the wall is packed with earth, which permits access to the top of the wall and makes it effectively invisible from the south side. North Korea claims that the US constructed the wall to humiliate and divide the Korean people, similar to the Berlin Wall, and to serve as a bridgehead for northward invasion. Sceptics contend that if the wall does exist, and built as described by North Korea, in would be unsuitable for use as a bridgehead, as any vehicles attempting a crossing from the south would fall five to eight meters (16 to 26 ft) and become damaged and useless. It is more likely that the wall, if it exists, is a barrier to complicate any possible North Korean invasion and to inhibit any further infiltrations by North Korean soldiers.
According to the United States Government, the wall as described does not exist, although there are shorter anti-tank barriers along portions of the DMZ.
North Korea contends that "In the area south of the Military Demarcation Line, which cuts across our country at its waist, there is a concrete wall which...stretches more than 240 km (150 mi) from east to west, is five to eight meters (16 to 26 ft) high, 10 to 19 m (32 to 62 ft) thick at the bottom, and 3 to 7 m (10 to 23 ft) wide in the upper part. It is set with wire entanglements and dotted with gun embrasures, look-outs and varieties of military establishments....the South Korean rulers built this wall over a period of many years from 1977. They consumed over 800,000 tons of cement, over 200,000 tons of steel, and over 3.5 million cubic meters (123.6 million cu ft) of gravel and sand...".
The south side of the wall is packed with earth, which permits access to the top of the wall and makes it effectively invisible from the south side. North Korea claims that the US constructed the wall to humiliate and divide the Korean people, similar to the Berlin Wall, and to serve as a bridgehead for northward invasion. Sceptics contend that if the wall does exist, and built as described by North Korea, in would be unsuitable for use as a bridgehead, as any vehicles attempting a crossing from the south would fall five to eight meters (16 to 26 ft) and become damaged and useless. It is more likely that the wall, if it exists, is a barrier to complicate any possible North Korean invasion and to inhibit any further infiltrations by North Korean soldiers.
According to the United States Government, the wall as described does not exist, although there are shorter anti-tank barriers along portions of the DMZ.