49.0 percent of the US electric power was generated at coal-fired plants. 19.2 percent was generated at natural gas-fired plants, and 1.8 percent was generated at petroleum-fired plants. So, 70% of the electricity is provided from fossil fuel sources.
Nuclear plants contributed 19.8 percent.
So, nuclear and fossil sources provides 89.9 of the electricity in the U.S.A., showing the nowadays dependence on this resources.
In other countries, with more nuclear and fossil independence, the main electricity source are renewables or includes fossil or nuclear phase-outs.
On the other hand, a sustainable growth is based on nuclear and fossil fuel-free energy, that avoids a toxic, radioactive, dirty and carbon-driven world.
Fossil dependence and Post-Carbon
Fossil energy sources includes coal, natural gas, and petroleum, out of which petroleum dependence poses the most immediate consequences due to limited supplies that may reach maximum production much sooner than other resources, see peak oil.
Petroleum dependence consists on the reliance of a nation or other entity upon the discovery, mass production, and distribution of fossil fuels and related products, frequently by another nation (i.e. OPEC) or monopolistic or oligolopolistic group, comparing petroleum extraction and refining to renewable energies, which originary sources (i.e. sun or wind) are more generally distributed on the world and for the citizens.
Political effects of oil dependence include monopolization, sociopolitical instability, geopolitical hegemony, dictatorship, terrorism and war , (see U.S. Energy Independence). Economic effects include large foreign trade deficits, inflation and impacts to other areas of the economy during increasingly frequent periods of high oil prices (i.e. see 1973 oil crisis) Health effects include asthma, lung cancer and other pollution-related diseases.
Reduction in oil dependence is impeded by financial incentives favorable to petroleum companies, large infrastructure investments, corruption and cultural inertia.
As an example, cars and vans consume 35% of Europe´s oil . In the USA, automobiles are the single largest consumer of oil (40%) and the source of 20% of greenhouse gas emissions.
Nuclear dependence and nuclear-free
Nuclear power currently has the ability to replace other forms of electricity generation, this does not include a large number of petroleum uses.
Since the beginning and renaissance of the Anti-nuclear movement and the nuclear waste, proliferation and security problems, however, there have been people who have claimed that the production of high level nuclear waste and damage done by Uranium mining is comparable to the environmental damage done by coal or petroleum.
Environmentalists say also nuclear power will not significantly cut carbon emissions anyway. Given that even under the WNA's most optimistic outlooks nuclear will only account for 18 percent of electricity demand, the amount of carbon foregone comes in at just four percent
.
Because of this is proposed a nuclear phase-out and nuclear independence.
Alternatives: Energy Efficiency and Renewable energies
Due to the impact of oil on the environment limited supplies alternatives are considered; in the more or less long term, the replacement of this energy by another which is more sustainable.
Renewable energies are alternatives to fossil fuels in the production of electricity. Other technologies may allow them to replace petroleum in transportation.
Also renewable energies are not vulnerable due to centralisation.
Nuclear plants contributed 19.8 percent.
So, nuclear and fossil sources provides 89.9 of the electricity in the U.S.A., showing the nowadays dependence on this resources.
In other countries, with more nuclear and fossil independence, the main electricity source are renewables or includes fossil or nuclear phase-outs.
On the other hand, a sustainable growth is based on nuclear and fossil fuel-free energy, that avoids a toxic, radioactive, dirty and carbon-driven world.
Fossil dependence and Post-Carbon
Fossil energy sources includes coal, natural gas, and petroleum, out of which petroleum dependence poses the most immediate consequences due to limited supplies that may reach maximum production much sooner than other resources, see peak oil.
Petroleum dependence consists on the reliance of a nation or other entity upon the discovery, mass production, and distribution of fossil fuels and related products, frequently by another nation (i.e. OPEC) or monopolistic or oligolopolistic group, comparing petroleum extraction and refining to renewable energies, which originary sources (i.e. sun or wind) are more generally distributed on the world and for the citizens.
Political effects of oil dependence include monopolization, sociopolitical instability, geopolitical hegemony, dictatorship, terrorism and war , (see U.S. Energy Independence). Economic effects include large foreign trade deficits, inflation and impacts to other areas of the economy during increasingly frequent periods of high oil prices (i.e. see 1973 oil crisis) Health effects include asthma, lung cancer and other pollution-related diseases.
Reduction in oil dependence is impeded by financial incentives favorable to petroleum companies, large infrastructure investments, corruption and cultural inertia.
As an example, cars and vans consume 35% of Europe´s oil . In the USA, automobiles are the single largest consumer of oil (40%) and the source of 20% of greenhouse gas emissions.
Nuclear dependence and nuclear-free
Nuclear power currently has the ability to replace other forms of electricity generation, this does not include a large number of petroleum uses.
Since the beginning and renaissance of the Anti-nuclear movement and the nuclear waste, proliferation and security problems, however, there have been people who have claimed that the production of high level nuclear waste and damage done by Uranium mining is comparable to the environmental damage done by coal or petroleum.
Environmentalists say also nuclear power will not significantly cut carbon emissions anyway. Given that even under the WNA's most optimistic outlooks nuclear will only account for 18 percent of electricity demand, the amount of carbon foregone comes in at just four percent
.
Because of this is proposed a nuclear phase-out and nuclear independence.
Alternatives: Energy Efficiency and Renewable energies
Due to the impact of oil on the environment limited supplies alternatives are considered; in the more or less long term, the replacement of this energy by another which is more sustainable.
Renewable energies are alternatives to fossil fuels in the production of electricity. Other technologies may allow them to replace petroleum in transportation.
Also renewable energies are not vulnerable due to centralisation.
Open cuisine is an approach to cooking that does not use fixed recipes. It is centered on the notion about the cooking ingredients, the relations between them, cooking procedures and creative improvisation.
Overview
The emphasis in open cuisine approach is on deconstructing recipes and understanding their ingredients and the relations between them. That enables to use the recipes in a totally different way, combining/fusing different recipes, cooking procedures and cooking styles, using different ingredients (replacing them) and adding new ingredients.
It is a response to recent transformations of food culture such as increased globalized interchange of ingredients, cuisines, recipes and ideas and the change in the perception of cooking. Cooking is no longer considered as labor but as creative leisure.
Additionally it is a response to a last decade's market phenomenon - craft consumer. The craft consumer is someone
who transforms commodities into personalized objects. Cooking is clearly one of this transformations. Home cookers are not any more satisfied with following the given recipe. They want to engage in the recipe itself, select ingredients, define preparation in order to get their personalized object - a meal.
The Open cuisine aproach is based on some of the ideas of mulecular gastronomy which tryed to apply scientific principles to modern cooking with the aim of exploring existing recipes, introducing new tools, ingredients and methods into the kitchen and inventing new dishes.
A cuisine of future
Open cuisine cooking approach was partly initiated and enabled also with the use of information technology that provides a faster exchange of ideas and information. For now it is limited to more experienced cooks and professionals.
In future information technology will be probably used for further development in the direction of interactive recipe generators that will enable open recipe style of cooking even for the less experienced cooks. One of the first attempts in this direction is the Foodizmo project.
Eventually this recipe generators that are still in the experimental faze will probably in many ways serve as a replacement for traditional cookery books and recipe collections.
Recipe generator
Recipe generator is an interactive cooking aid that doesn’t operate as a collection of fixed recipes but instantly generates recipes according to the ingredients/cooking methods/cuisines chosen by the user. It enables cooking with ingredients at hand and helps even inexperienced cooks to cook with the open cuisine approach.
Overview
The emphasis in open cuisine approach is on deconstructing recipes and understanding their ingredients and the relations between them. That enables to use the recipes in a totally different way, combining/fusing different recipes, cooking procedures and cooking styles, using different ingredients (replacing them) and adding new ingredients.
It is a response to recent transformations of food culture such as increased globalized interchange of ingredients, cuisines, recipes and ideas and the change in the perception of cooking. Cooking is no longer considered as labor but as creative leisure.
Additionally it is a response to a last decade's market phenomenon - craft consumer. The craft consumer is someone
who transforms commodities into personalized objects. Cooking is clearly one of this transformations. Home cookers are not any more satisfied with following the given recipe. They want to engage in the recipe itself, select ingredients, define preparation in order to get their personalized object - a meal.
The Open cuisine aproach is based on some of the ideas of mulecular gastronomy which tryed to apply scientific principles to modern cooking with the aim of exploring existing recipes, introducing new tools, ingredients and methods into the kitchen and inventing new dishes.
A cuisine of future
Open cuisine cooking approach was partly initiated and enabled also with the use of information technology that provides a faster exchange of ideas and information. For now it is limited to more experienced cooks and professionals.
In future information technology will be probably used for further development in the direction of interactive recipe generators that will enable open recipe style of cooking even for the less experienced cooks. One of the first attempts in this direction is the Foodizmo project.
Eventually this recipe generators that are still in the experimental faze will probably in many ways serve as a replacement for traditional cookery books and recipe collections.
Recipe generator
Recipe generator is an interactive cooking aid that doesn’t operate as a collection of fixed recipes but instantly generates recipes according to the ingredients/cooking methods/cuisines chosen by the user. It enables cooking with ingredients at hand and helps even inexperienced cooks to cook with the open cuisine approach.
Hadji Bey Turkish Delight - well known Cork City Delicacy, The Hadji Bey et cie trademark was developed by the Batmasian family. They were Armenian Christians who fled to the UK and Ireland from the Turkish Pogroms in the early part of the 20th Century. They settled in Cork around the time of the Great Exhibition in Fitzgerald's Park. Quality confectionary was produced and sold out of a small shop/factory where the Met Tavern stands now on MacCurtin Street in Cork. The Batmasians finally stopped producing the Hadji Bey et Cie Turkish delight in the mid 1970's when Eddie Batmasian retired.
A Barrow Gallery with pictures from in and around the town of Barrow-in-Furness, England.
Landscape
Castles, Abbeys and Other Constructions
Logos and Emblems
Maps
Shipbuilding
Vessles Built in Barrow
Landscape
Castles, Abbeys and Other Constructions
Logos and Emblems
Maps
Shipbuilding
Vessles Built in Barrow