Male rape research

Male [...] assault and [...] is a topic new to the research world. What can be estimated from the Uniform Crime Report [...] statistics is that [...] of males, by both genders, represents a minimum of AbOUT 10% of all rapes.

[...] of males by males

It is less well-known that many men and boys have been raped by other males. Male on male [...] is common in incest, incestuous [...], and other Situations, (such as prison or other similar settings) where men and boys are dependent on elder males and/or are unable to escape stronger males. There are few reliable statistics on male-male [...]. Since there is no known uniform gender-neutral data on all forms of [...] it impossible to distinguish how many males were raped by males versus those males raped by females.

Men, young men and boys suffer [...]-related trauma by [...] and [...] assault just as female victims do. In addition, due to male socialization to consider all male-male [...] contact to be shameful, to 'be tough and take it like a man' and to eschew victimhood in all its forms, many males who were survivors of male [...] choose to suffer in silence rather than risk reporting the crime. These victims consider the shame of disclosure and their likely shunning by other males, as worse than the crime itself; a form of double-bind shame similar to the double-bind blame that male-female [...] victims often face. Incest by fathers or incestuous [...] of male children by adult men in responsible roles is an especially traumatic form of [...] crime against males that has gained widespread national attention in the United States due to the recent Roman Catholic [...] abuse cases. Male-male [...] often does deep damage to or destroys the survivor's image of himself as a man which may cause him to feel helpless and alone among other men.

When a male is raped (by a male or female) the involuntary physiological response of erection or [...] cannot be taken to imply that the act was welcomed by the victim. A capable assailant, male or female, can induce these involuntary physical responses in the majority of males with force and/or with deception. Likewise, in incest or incestuous male-male [...], 'voluntary' initiation, 'voluntary' participation, and involuntary enjoyment by the victim, do not imply that the [...] assault is consensual, less loathsome, or less traumatic to the victim. Many people mistake these involuntary physiological effects, falsely, as indications of consent, when in fact the male [...] victims have no more control over his involuntary physiological responses than do female [...] victims.

Male-on-male [...] does not imply homosexuality. This is a common misperception. People often view the male aggressor as a homosexual, and may think of the recipient as having homosexual tendencies too, especially if he shows signs of [...] stimulation during the experience. Research indicates that the most common form of male-male [...] is group [...] by other males who [...] males who are considered less than 'real' men or latent homosexuals; therefore it is a mistake to perceive the rapists as homosexuals in these cases too. A male [...] victim will often experience involuntary erection when forcibly penetrated by rapists of either gender but that does not mean that he is homosexual or that he enjoys the [...]. To falsely label a male [...] victim 'homosexual' just because his [...] was male can cause the [...] victim double-bind shame in cultures where discrimination against homosexuals is rampant.

[...] of males by females

Women also can commit an act of [...] with force or deception to make a man (or adolescent) engage in a non-consensual penetrative [...] act.

Statutory [...] of males by females

According to Court TV's Crime Library, women commit about 10% of all [...] offences and their abuse often involves their own child or children which is incest.

Many reported cases are consensual and are statutory [...] - several widely publicized cases in the United States involved school teachers raping their teenage male students under their consent. A recent example of this is that of Debra Lafave of Greco Middle School and her teenage student. The controversial case questioned the mindset that teenagers are too innocent to give consent to [...].

Non statutory [...] of males by females

Male victims of [...] by females may face social, political, and legal double-standards. Female rapists May Be seen as less culpable than male rapists. Others may misperceive female-on-male [...] as consensual. Since [...] by females is less well known and less common, male victims may find less support. Female-on-male [...] might be under-reported.

Male [...] profiles

Dr. A. Nicholas Groth, author of Men Who [...]: The Psychology of the Offender, described four types of deliberate rapists, based on their motivations and behavior patterns. Forensic scientists, criminologists, and law enforcement agencies often use these profiles to analyze rapists, and prevent future rapes.

Since rapes are predominantly perpetrated by men, a male perpetrator is assumed in these profiles:

  • The power-assertive [...]: This is argued to be the most common type of [...], accounting for about 40 percent of all reported rapes. Wishing to be an alpha male, he tends to value machismo and physical aggression, and often rapes victims that he meets in places like bars, where he may pose as, or be, an authority figure. Power-assertive rapists rarely target specific people for [...] and, while not intending to kill their victims, often traumatize and humiliate them.
  • The power-reassurance [...]: Responsible for about 27.5% of reported rapes, this type of [...] has been described by law enforcers as the "gentleman [...]". He is usually:
    • of average intelligence;
    • not physically aggressive;
    • socially-deficient; and
    • unable to develop interpersonal or romantic relationships.
Usually, he will select and stalk a victim before committing the crime. The victim is usually someone whom he knows, eg. a neighbor or work acquaintance. Power-reassurance rapists often force the victim to emulate foreplay, and take "trophies" of the [...]; they may even record the event in a personal journal. Power-reassurance rapists tend to be the least violent type of rapists, often fantasizing about consensual [...] relationships with women, rather than violent conquests.
  • Anger-retaliatory [...]: Responsible for about 28% of rapes, this type of [...] is often a substance abuser, with impulsive behavior and anger-related pathologies. He does not target specific victims, and often feels a general animosity toward the gender of his target. The anger-retaliatory [...]'s attacks are usually spontaneous and brutal, and while he does not intend to kill the victim, he may beat her or him to death if she or he resists. This [...] usually has below-average intelligence, and is likely to leave more evidence than other types of rapists.
  • The anger-excitation [...]: This type of [...], considered the most dangerous and elusive, accounts for about 4.5 percent of rapes. The anger-excitation [...] may or may not choose his victims selectively. Often sadistic, this type of [...] frequently murders his victim to prevent her or him from identifying him, or for his own self-gratification. FBI profilists lists the fourth type as "sexually sadistic rapists." These rapists are [...] sadists. Only a small percentage of [...] sadists are rapists.

According to John Douglas, the legendary FBI profilist, rapists tend to fall into four basic categories: "power-reassurance [...]" (driven by feelings of inadequacy), the "exploitive" [...] (impulsive driven and overtly macho), the "anger" [...] (who uses [...] to displace his rage), and the "sadistic" [...], who gets aroused from [...] sadism.

Further reading

  • Anderson, Peter and Struckman-Johnson Cindy, Sexually Aggressive Women: Current Perspectives and Controversies, Guilford, 1998.

Male survivors

  • Dorais, Michel, Don't Tell: The [...] Abuse of Boys, McGill-Queen Univ Press, 2002.
  • Mezey, Gillian, and King, Michael, Male Victims of [...] Assault, Oxford, 2000.

Male-male and female-male [...] links

LGBTQ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer)

References

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