List of 2007 Macropædia articles

The Macropædia is the third part of the Encyclopædia Britannica; the other two parts are the Micropædia and the Propædia.

The 2007 version of the Macropædia has 699 articles arranged in alphabetical order over 17 volumes; the articles range in length from 2 to 310 pages, with an average of 24 pages per article. The articles almost always have references and named contributors identified by initials, which are linked to a name in the Propædia.

In many cases, a 2007 Macropædia article is a compilation of several articles written by different contributors; for example, the articles on each of the 50 U.S. states were combined in 1985 into a single 310-page article, the United States of America. (For more information on the 1985 reorganization of the Encyclopædia Britannica, see History of the Encyclopædia Britannica.) Therefore, a typical Macropædia article below corresponds to several pre-1985 Macropædia articles and similarly to several Wikipedia articles, such as those found in a category.

The "Number of Pages" entries below have generally been rounded up to the nearest integer.

See also

  • List of 1974 Macropædia articles
2007 Macropædia articles

Article Title

Volume

Number of Pages

Number of References

Year of Latest Reference

Year Introduced

Contributors

Propædia Section

Article Number

Accounting

13

10

22

2001

G.Sh.; M.L.P.

1

Ansel Adams

13

3

5

2002

Jo.Sz.

2

John Adams

13

3

31

1998

Jo.E.

3

Aesthetics

13

15

41

1992

Th.M.; Ro.Sc.

4

Afghanistan

13

13

44

2001

M.G.W.; V.P.P.; L.Du.; N.H.D.

5

Africa

13

84

1990

6

African American Literature

13

8

2003

7

African Arts

13

47

1987

8

Agricultural Sciences

13

4

1994

9

The History of Agriculture

13

23

1985

10

Alcohol and [...] Consumption

13

29

1996

11

Alexander the Great

13

5

1992

12

Alexandria

13

5

3

1993

13

Algae

13

10

32

1989

14

Algebra

13

56

1994

15

American Literature

13

12

2002

16

Arts of Native American Peoples

13

37

1994

Art

17

Native American Peoples

13

69

18

Amphibians

13

18

19

Amsterdam

13

5

20

Analysis in Mathematics

13

82

21

Physical and Chemical Analysis and Measurement

13

80

22

Angiosperms: The Flowering Plants

13

163

23

Animals

13

12

24

Annelids

13

10

25

Antarctica

13

17

26

Antwerp

13

3

27

Arabia

13

45

28

Arachnids

13

19

29

Archimedes

13

2

30

The Art of Architecture

13

25

31

History of Western Architecture

13

95

32

The Arctic

14

37

33

Argentina

14

17

34

Aristotle and Aristotelianism

14

17

35

Arithmetic

14

10

36

Art Conservation and Restoration

14

12

37

The History of Art Criticism

14

14

38

Arthropods

14

6

39

Artificial Intelligence

14

8

40

Aschelminths

14

6

41

Asia

14

113

42

Asian Peoples and Cultures

14

38

43

Atatürk

14

4

44

Athens

14

8

45

The Atlantic Ocean

14

25

46

Atmosphere

14

24

47

Atoms: Their Structure, Properties and Component Particles

14

52

48

Attention

14

6

49

Augustine

14

5

50

Augustus

14

4

51

Australia

14

87

52

Literatures of Australia and New Zealand

14

8

53

Austria

14

38

54

Automata theory

14

9

55

Automation

14

10

56

Bach

14

8

57

Francis BaCon

14

6

58

Bacteria and Other Monerans

14

17

59

Baghdad

14

4

60

Balkan States

14

94

61

Baltic States

14

23

62

Bangkok

14

3

63

Bangladesh

14

10

64

Barcelona

14

3

65

Baseball

14

14

66

Beethoven

14

7

67

Animal Behaviour

14

85

68

Development of Human Behaviour

14

15

69

Beirut

14

3

70

Belarus

14

6

71

Belgian Literature

14

4

72

Belgium

14

17

73

Berlin

14

7

74

Beverage Production

14

20

75

Bhutan

14

5

76

Biblical Literature and Its Critical Interpretation

14

104

77

Biochemical Components of Organisms

14

62

78

The Biological Sciences

14

58

79

The Biosphere and Concepts of Ecology

14

95

80

Birds

15

112

81

Birth Control

15

8

82

Bismarck

15

4

83

Blood

15

30

84

Bohr

15

2

85

Bolivia

15

12

86

Bombay

15

4

87

Boston

15

6

88

boxing

15

8

89

Brazil

15

25

90

Broadcasting

15

37

91

Brussels

15

5

92

Bryophytes

15

6

93

Budapest

15

5

94

The Buddha and Buddhism

15

43

95

Buenos Aires

15

6

96

Building Construction

15

28

97

Business Law

15

26

98

Business Organization

15

11

99

The History of the Byzantine Empire

15

25

100

Caesar

15

5

101

Cairo

15

5

102

Calcutta

15

5

103

Calendar

15

18

104

Calvin and Calvinism

15

5

105

Canada

15

74

106

Canadian Literature

15

5

107

Cancer

15

9

108

Canton (Guangzhou)

15

3

109

Cape Town

15

4

110

Caracas

15

4

111

Caricature, Cartoon and Comic Strip

15

14

112

Descartes and Cartesianism

15

8

113

Domestic Cats

15

4

114

Cells: Their Structures and Functions

15

29

115

Celtic Literature

15

10

116

Censorship

15

8

117

Central Africa

15

41

118

Central America

15

48

119

Central Asia

15

15

120

Central Asian Arts

15

21

121

Cervantes

15

4

122

Charlemagne

15

4

123

Chaucer

15

4

124

Chemical Bonding

15

28

125

Chemical Compounds

15

155

126

Chemical Elements

15

93

127

Chemical Reactions

15

61

128

Chess

15

14

129

Chicago

16

8

130

Childhood Diseases

16

12

131

Chile

16

15

132

China

16

195

133

Chinese Literature

16

10

134

Chordates

16

10

135

Christianity

16

116

136

Chungking (Chongqing)

16

4

137

Churchill

16

6

138

Circulation and Circulatory Systems

16

41

139

Circus

16

7

140

Cities

16

11

141

Climate and Weather

16

87

142

Cnidarians

16

6

143

Coins and Coinage

16

37

144

Collective Behaviour

16

12

145

Cologne

16

3

146

Colombia

16

14

147

Biological Coloration

16

10

148

Colour

16

10

149

Columbus

16

6

150

Communication

16

6

151

Computer Crime

16

4

152

Computer Science

16

9

153

Computers

16

23

154

Confucius and Confucianism

16

10

155

Conservation of Natural Resources

16

24

156

Constantine the Great

16

3

157

Constitutionand Constitutional Government

16

5

158

Constitutional Law

16

9

159

Continental Landforms

16

56

160

Copernicus

16

2

161

The Cosmos

16

35

162

Crime and Punishment

16

21

163

Criminal Law

16

5

164

The Crusades

16

18

165

Crustaceans

16

20

166

Cryptology

16

24

167

The Concept and Components of Culture

16

20

168

Cyprus

16

8

169

Czech and Slovak Republics

16

29

170

Damascus

16

4

171

The Art of Dance

16

23

172

The History of Western Dance

16

13

173

Dante

16

6

174

Darwin

16

5

175

Death

16

12

176

Decorative Arts and Furnishings

17

220

177

Delhi

17

5

178

Democracy

17

1

179

Denmark

17

17

180

The Great Depression

17

2

181

Diagnosis and Therapeutics

17

23

182

Dickens

17

6

183

Digestion and Digestive Systems

17

40

184

Dinosaurs

17

15

185

Diplomacy

17

11

186

Disease

17

53

187

Religious Doctrines and Dogma

17

46

188

Dogs

17

11

189

Dostoyevsky

17

4

190

Drafting

17

5

191

Drawing

17

18

192

Dress and Adornment

17

50

193

Drugs and [...] Action

17

32

194

Dublin

17

5

195

Dutch Literature

17

3

196

The Earth: Its Properties, Composition, and Structure

17

46

197

The Earth Sciences

17

40

198

Earthquakes

17

12

199

East Asian Arts

17

15

200

Eastern Africa

17

66

201

Eastern Orthodoxy

17

19

202

Echinoderms

17

9

203

Eclipse, Occultation, and Transit

17

12

204

Economic Growth and Planning

17

30

205

Economic Systems

17

8

206

Economic Theory

17

37

207

Ecuador

17

10

208

Edinburgh

17

7

209

Edison

17

2

210

Education

18

1

211

History of Education

18

90

212

Egypt

18

54

213

Ancient Egyptian Arts and Architecture

18

10

214

Einstein

18

4

215

Electricity and Magnetism

18

36

216

Electromagnetic Radiation

18

17

217

Electronic Games

18

3

218

Electronics

18

28

219

Elizabeth I

18

5

220

Human Emotion

18

9

221

Encyclopaedias and Dictionaries

18

30

222

Endocrine Systems

18

45

223

Energy Conversion

18

82

224

Engineering

18

12

225

English Literature

18

40

226

Environmentalism and Environmental Law

18

6

227

Epistemology

18

17

228

Erasmus

18

3

229

Ethics

18

30

230

Europe

18

68

231

European History and Culture

18

138

232

The History of European Overseas Exploration and Empires

18

35

233

Ancient European Religions

18

40

234

Mount Everest

18

9

235

Human Evolution

18

43

236

The Theory of Evolution

18

37

237

Excretion and Excretory Systems

19

27

238

Exercise and Physical Conditioning

19

5

239

Exploration

19

26

240

Family and Kinship

19

17

241

Family Law

19

8

242

Faraday

19

3

243

Farming and Agricultural Technology

19

73

244

Feminism

19

3

245

Ferns and Other Lower Vascular Plants

19

16

246

Finland

19

13

247

Fishes

19

85

248

Commercial Fishing

19

17

249

Flatworms: Phylum Platyhelminthes

19

6

250

Florence

19

6

251

Folk Arts

19

33

252

Food Processing

19

68

253

Henry Ford

19

3

254

Forestry and Wood Production

19

17

255

France

19

104

256

Franklin

19

3

257

Frederick the Great

19

5

258

French Literature

19

27

259

Freud

19

6

260

Fossil Fuels

19

25

261

Fungi

19

14

262

Galaxies

19

27

263

Galileo

19

3

264

Game Theory

19

7

265

Gandhi

19

5

266

Garden and Landscape Design

19

17

267

Gardening and Horticulture

19

19

268

Gastronomy

19

8

269

Carl Friedrich Gauss

19

2

270

The Principles of Genetics and Heredity

19

42

271

Geneva

19

4

272

Genghis Khan

19

3

273

Geochronology: The Interpretation and Dating of the Geologic Record

19

129

274

Geography

19

10

275

Geometry

19

24

276

Geomorphic Processes

20

26

277

German Literature

20

12

278

Germany

20

94

279

Globalization and Culture

20

5

280

Goethe

20

3

281

The Forms of Government: Their Historical Development

20

7

282

Government Finance

20

12

283

Graphic Design

20

9

284

Gravitation

20

9

285

Greece

20

27

286

Ancient Greek and Roman Civilizations

20

137

287

The Classical Greek Dramatists: Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes

20

10

288

Greek Literature

20

9

289

Biological Growth and Development

20

80

290

Guyana

20

6

291

Gymnosperms

20

19

292

The House of Habsburg

20

6

293

Hamburg

20

4

294

Harvey

20

3

295

Havana

20

4

296

Hebrew Literature

20

4

297

Hegel and Hegelianism

20

11

298

Heisenberg

20

2

299

Helmholtz

20

3

300

Heraldry

20

16

301

Hinduism

20

40

302

The Study of History

20

65

303

[...]

20

5

304

The Holocaust

20

6

305

The Homeric epics

20

4

306

Hong Kong

20

7

307

Horses and Horsemanship

20

10

308

Human Rights

20

9

309

Humanism

20

13

310

Hume

20

4

311

Humour and Wit

20

7

312

Hungarian Literature

20

4

313

Hungary

20

23

314

The Hydrosphere

20

17

315

Ice and Ice formations

20

28

316

Iceland

20

8

317

Ideology

20

5

318

Immunity

20

21

319

India

21

175

320

The Indian Ocean

21

15

321

Indian Philosophy

21

22

322

Indonesia

21

33

323

Industrial ceramics

21

20

324

Industrial Engineering and Production management

21

29

325

Industrial glass

21

13

326

Industrial polymers

21

36

327

Chemical Process Industries

21

41

328

Extraction and Processing Industries

21

150

329

Manufacturing Industries

21

35

330

Textile Industries

21

19

331

Infectious Diseases

21

26

332

Information Processing

21

10

333

Information Systems

21

6

334

Information Theory

21

7

335

Inheritance and Succession

21

10

336

Insects

21

93

337

Insurance

21

14

338

Integumentary Systems

21

20

339

Human Intelligence

21

6

340

Intelligence and Counterintelligence

21

7

341

International Law

21

9

342

International Relations

21

103

343

International Trade

21

30

344

Iran

21

42

345

Iraq

21

25

346

Ireland

21

21

347

Muḥammad and the Religion of Islām

22

43

348

Islāmic Arts

22

59

349

The Islāmic World

22

31

350

Israel

22

16

351

Istanbul

22

5

352

Italian Literature

22

10

353

Italy

22

82

354

Jainism

22

7

355

Jakarta

22

4

356

Japan

22

54

357

Japanese Literature

22

11

358

Jefferson

22

5

359

Jerusalem

22

8

360

Jesus: The Christ and Christology

22

18

361

Joan of Arc

22

4

362

Johannesburg

22

5

363

Samuel Johnson

22

7

364

Jordan

22

9

365

Judaism

22

78

366

Judicial and Arbitrational Systems

22

12

367

Kant and Kantianism

22

9

368

Karāchi

22

4

369

Kelvin

22

2

370

Kepler

22

3

371

Kiev

22

4

372

Kinshasa

22

3

373

Korea

22

21

374

Korean Literature

22

6

375

The Korean War

22

7

376

Kyōto

22

3

377

Lakes

22

9

378

Land Reform and Tenure

22

8

379

Language

22

24

380

Languages of the World

22

25

381

The History of Latin America

22

30

382

Latin-American Literature

22

6

383

Latin Literature

22

8

384

Lavoisier

22

2

385

The Profession and Practice of Law

22

11

386

Animal Learning

22

16

387

Human Learning and Cognition

22

19

388

Lebanon

22

13

389

The Evolution of Modern Western Legal Systems

22

30

390

Lenin

22

7

391

Leonardo da Vinci

22

8

392

Libraries

22

17

393

Life

22

17

394

Light

23

28

395

Lima

23

4

396

Lincoln

23

7

397

Linguistics

23

32

398

Lisbon

23

5

399

The Art of Literature

23

139

400

The History of Western Literature

23

5

401

Locke

23

4

402

Logic

23

58

403

London

23

16

404

Los Angeles

23

6

405

Luther

23

9

406

Luxembourg

23

5

407

Madagascar

23

10

408

Madrid

23

5

409

Malta

23

5

410

Mammal

23

121

411

Manchester

23

4

412

Manila

23

4

413

Mao Zedong

23

5

414

Mapping and Surveying

23

22

415

Marketing and Merchandising

23

14

416

Markets

23

17

417

Marseille

23

5

418

Marx and Marxism

23

13

419

Masks

23

8

420

Materials Science

23

14

421

The Foundations of Mathematics

23

9

422

History of East Asian Mathematics

23

5

423

History of South Asian Mathematics

23

3

424

History of Western Mathematics

23

29

425

Matter

23

79

426

Maxwell

23

2

427

Measurement Systems

23

5

428

Mecca and Medina

23

4

429

Mechanics: Enregy, Forces, and Their Effects

23

72

430

Medicine

23

55

431

Melbourne

23

3

432

Memory

23

9

433

Mental Disorders and Their Treatment

23

19

434

The History of Ancient Mesopotamia

23

33

435

Metabolism

23

35

436

Metaphysics

24

26

437

Mexico

24

24

438

Mexico City

24

4

439

Michelangelo

24

6

440

Microscopes

24

13

441

Ancient Middle Eastern Art and Architecture

24

17

442

Ancient Middle Eastern Religions

24

38

443

Milan

24

5

444

John Stuart Mill

24

4

445

Milton

24

6

446

Mimicry

24

8

447

Philosophy of Mind

24

10

448

Minerals and Rocks

24

118

449

Modernization and Industrialization

24

12

450

Molière

24

4

451

Mollusks

24

27

452

Monet

24

2

453

Money

24

5

454

Mongolia

24

13

455

Montaigne

24

3

456

Montreal

24

4

457

Moscow

24

11

458

Moses

24

4

459

Moss Animals: Phylum Bryozoa

24

4

460

Motion Pictures

24

67

461

Human Motivation

24

9

462

Mozart

24

7

463

Muscles and Muscle Systems

24

28

464

Museums

24

13

465

The Art of Music

24

60

466

The History of Western Music

24

12

467

Musical Forms and Genres

24

86

468

Musical Instruments

24

56

469

Mystery Religions

24

8

470

Myth and Mythology

24

18

471

Names

24

6

472

Nanking (Nanjing)

24

2

473

Nanotechnology

24

1

474

Naples

24

6

475

Napoleon

24

8

476

Navigation

24

11

477

Nebula

24

10

478

Nepal

24

7

479

Nerves and Nervous Systems

24

80

480

The Netherlands

24

33

481

New Orleans

24

5

482

New York City

24

14

483

New Zealand

24

15

484

Newton

24

5

485

Nietzsche

24

3

486

North Africa

24

58

487

North America

24

85

488

Norway

24

14

489

Number Games and Other Mathematical Recreations

25

13

490

Number Theory

25

24

491

Numerical Analysis

25

12

492

Nutrition

25

26

493

Occultism

25

23

494

Occupational Diseases and Disorders

25

5

495

Oceanic Arts

25

30

496

Oceans

25

63

497

Olympic Games

25

5

498

Principles of Optics

25

15

499

The Mathematical Theory of Optimization

25

10

500

Ōsaka-Kōbe Metropolitan Area

25

4

501

Pacific Islands

25

71

502

The Pacific Ocean

25

16

503

The Art of Painting

25

18

504

History of Western Painting

25

57

505

Pakistan

25

14

506

Palestine

25

18

507

Paraguay

25

9

508

Paris

25

15

509

Particle Accelerators

25

9

510

Pascal

25

3

511

Pasteur

25

2

512

The Apostle Paul

25

4

513

Peking (Beijing)

25

14

514

Human Perception

25

22

515

Personality

25

12

516

Peru

25

13

517

Peter I the Great, of Russia

25

4

518

Philadelphia

25

5

519

Philippines

25

13

520

Philosophical Anthropology

25

12

521

Western Philosophical Schools and Doctrines

25

90

522

Philosophies of the Branches of Knowledge

25

81

523

The History of Western Philosophy

25

28

524

Photography

25

38

525

Photosynthesis

25

8

526

The Principles of Physical Science

25

21

527

The Physical Sciences

25

32

528

Picasso

25

5

529

Planck

25

2

530

Plant

25

16

531

Plate Tectonics

25

10

532

Plato and Platonism

25

15

533

Poisons and Poisoning

25

22

534

Poland

25

27

535

Police

25

16

536

Polish Literature

25

6

537

Political Parties and Interest Groups

25

12

538

The History of Western Political Philosophy

25

13

539

Political Systems

25

28

540

Jackson Pollock

25

2

541

Population

25

10

542

Portugal

25

19

543

Portuguese Literature

25

4

544

Postal Systems

25

10

545

Prague

25

3

546

Pre-Columbian Civilizations

26

44

547

Prehistoric Peoples and Cultures

26

26

548

Printing, Typography, and Photoengraving

26

41

549

Printmaking

26

23

550

Probability Theory

26

14

551

Procedural Law

26

22

552

Propaganda

26

9

553

Property Law

26

26

554

Protestantism

26

62

555

Protists

26

11

556

Protozoa

26

10

557

Psychological Tests and measurement

26

5

558

Public Administration

26

16

559

Public Opinion

26

7

560

Public Works

26

98

561

Publishing

26

35

562

Puppetry

26

8

563

Radar

26

13

564

Radiation

26

30

565

Relativity

26

8

566

The Study and Classification of Religions

26

21

567

Systems of Religious and Spiritual Belief

26

48

568

Religious Experience

26

13

569

Religious Symbolism and Iconography

26

9

570

Rembrandt van Rijn

26

9

571

Reproduction and Reproductive Systems

26

79

572

Reptiles

26

37

573

Respiration and Respiratory Systems

26

33

574

Rhetoric

26

7

575

Rio de Janeiro

26

5

576

Sacred Rites and Ceremonies

26

173

577

Rivers

26

27

578

Rock Music

26

7

579

Roman Catholicism

26

37

580

Rome

26

19

581

Franklin D. Roosevelt

26

5

582

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

26

5

583

Russia

26

60

584

Russian Literature

26

9

585

Rutherford

26

2

586

Sacred Offices and Orders

26

23

587

Saint Petersburg

26

7

588

San Francisco

27

5

589

São Paulo

27

4

590

Scandinavian Literature

27

12

591

Classical Scholarship

27

10

592

The History of Science

27

10

593

Science Fiction

27

1

594

The Art of Sculpture

27

17

595

The History of Western Sculpture

27

55

596

Sensory Reception

27

108

597

Seoul

27

3

598

Set Theory

27

9

599

[...] and Sexuality

27

20

600

Shakespeare

27

20

601

Shanghai

27

5

602

Shintō

27

6

603

Sikhism

27

4

604

Slavery

27

13

605

Sleep and Dreams

27

11

606

Adam Smith

27

3

607

Smoking

27

1

608

The Social Sciences

27

49

609

Social Structure and Change

27

7

610

Social Welfare

27

21

611

Modern Socio-economic Doctrines and Reform Movements

27

45

612

Socrates

27

3

613

Soils

27

11

614

The Solar System

27

104

615

Sound

27

22

616

South America

27

56

617

South Asian Arts

27

77

618

Southeast Asia

27

84

619

Southeast Asian Arts

27

43

620

Southern Africa

27

115

621

Spain

28

62

622

Spanish Literature

28

9

623

Speech

28

21

624

Sponges: Phylum Porifera

28

7

625

Major Team and Individual Sports

28

67

626

Sri Lanka

28

14

627

Stalin

28

4

628

Stars and Star Clusters

28

32

629

Statistics

28

10

630

The History of the Eurasian Steppe

28

9

631

Subatomic Particles

28

15

632

The Sudan

28

21

633

Supportive and Connective Tissues

28

45

634

Suriname

28

4

635

Sweden

28

20

636

Switzerland

28

16

637

Sydney

28

4

638

Syria

28

14

639

Taiwan

28

8

640

Taoism

28

14

641

Taxation

28

25

642

Teaching

28

18

643

The History of Technology

28

33

644

Telecommunications Systems

28

32

645

Telescopes

28

16

646

The Art of the Theatre

28

16

647

The History of Western Theatre

28

24

648

Theatrical Production

28

55

649

Theology

28

3

650

Principles of Thermodynamics

28

26

651

Thomas Aquinas and Thomism

28

5

652

Thought and Thought Processes

28

7

653

Tientsin (Tianjin)

28

5

654

Time

28

12

655

Titian

28

4

656

Tokyo-Yokohama Metropolitan Area

28

9

657

Tolstoy

28

5

658

Tools

28

25

659

Topology

28

24

660

Toronto

28

3

661

Torts

28

7

662

Transcaucasia

28

23

663

Organ and Tissue Transplants

28

7

664

Transportation

28

108

665

Transportation Law

28

14

666

Trees

28

11

667

Trigonometry

28

6

668

Turkey and Ancient Anatolia

28

53

669

Ukraine

28

25

670

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

28

28

671

United Kingdom

29

137

672

United Nations

29

11

673

United States of America

29

310

674

United States Presidency and First Lady

29

2

675

Uruguay

29

7

676

Venezuela

29

12

677

Venice

29

8

678

Victoria and the Victorian Age

29

5

679

Vienna

29

5

680

Vietnam War

29

1

681

Virgil

29

3

682

Virtual Reality

29

5

683

Viruses

29

6

684

Volcanism

29

15

685

Voltaire

29

5

686

The Technology of War

29

99

687

Theory and Conduct of War
(cf. Philosophy of war)

29

68

688

Warsaw

29

3

689

George Washington

29

8

690

Washington, D.C.

29

11

691

Wellington

29

3

692

The West Indies

29

69

693

Western Africa

29

126

694

Work and Employment

29

45

695

The World Wars

29

64

696

Writing

29

52

697

Yiddish Literature

29

6

698

Zoroastrianism and Parsiism

29

5

699

See Also

List of 1974 Macropædia articles

The Macropædia is the third part of the Encyclopædia Britannica; the other two parts are the...