Inlevel9
INLEVEL9 (Korean: 인레벨나인) is a South Korean newsletter and online publication published by Kwangseob Ahn (Korean: 안광섭), also known as Oswarld. It covers technology, economics, and the humanities, with articles examining developments in artificial intelligence, business, and society.
Publication
The newsletter, also called INLEVEL9 Letter, publishes numbered articles through its website and maintains an online archive. Its English-language website organizes articles into categories including Business, AI & Tech, and Society. Korean, English, Japanese, and Simplified Chinese editions are available through the publication's website.
Publisher
Kwangseob Ahn is a strategy consultant at INLEVEL9 and an adjunct professor at Sejong University. His career began at Nexon, where he managed game projects. He later worked on financial projects at Hanwha Life, managed Notion's Korean launch and community, worked on artificial intelligence products at Kakao Brain, and developed go-to-market strategies at Gamma. Ahn holds a master's degree in Management of Technology and an MBA from Korea University.
Research
Ahn's published work and preprints address trust in artificial intelligence systems, memory architectures for conversational AI, and information asymmetry in business.
His 2026 article, “What Agentic AI Products Must Avoid-Zombie Tasks, Fake Work, and the Collapse of Trust,” appeared in Journal of AI Humanities. It examines trust in artificial intelligence systems that perform delegated work and discusses tasks that continue consuming resources after the user's original intention no longer applies. The article presents design principles concerning responsible stopping, transparent state-sharing, user control over outputs, and auditability.
In 2025, Ahn and Yongjoo Song published “HEMA: A Hippocampus-Inspired Extended Memory Architecture for Long-Context AI Conversations” in Korean Journal of Artificial Intelligence. The paper proposes a conversational memory architecture that pairs a compact summary with a searchable store of earlier conversation segments. An arXiv version was first submitted on 23 April 2025.
Ahn's preprint “Exploitation Business: Leveraging Information Asymmetry” examines business practices that exploit differences in knowledge and access to information. It was first submitted to arXiv in October 2023 and revised in June 2024.
Forthcoming work
The INLEVEL9 English biography lists a July 2026 paper titled “HEMA-2: A Consolidation-Aware Tri-Memory Architecture with Multi-Channel Scheduling for Lifelong Conversational AI” and states that it was accepted by the Korean Artificial Intelligence Association. Ahn has since identified a HEMA-2 work under the title “HEMA-2: Verification-Gated Tri-Memory for Lifelong Conversational AI Across Frontier and On-Device Models” and said it is expected to become public in 2027.
Selected publications and preprints
- Ahn, Kwangseob (2026). “What Agentic AI Products Must Avoid-Zombie Tasks, Fake Work, and the Collapse of Trust.” Journal of AI Humanities, 23, 203–241. Journal article.
- Ahn, Kwangseob, and Yongjoo Song (2025). “HEMA: A Hippocampus-Inspired Extended Memory Architecture for Long-Context AI Conversations.” Korean Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 13(2), 1–7. Journal article; an arXiv version was first submitted 23 April 2025.
- Ahn, Kwangseob (2023; revised 2024). “Exploitation Business: Leveraging Information Asymmetry.” arXiv:2310.09802. Preprint; first submitted 15 October 2023 and revised 16 June 2024.