Diffuse neuro-endocrine system
Diffuse Neuro-Endocrine System (DNES) consists of cells from the central nervous system (CNS), Peripheral nervous system (PNS) and nearly all organs with the common phenotype: The ability to produce biological ACTIVE Amines or Peptides which act like Neurotransmitters (NT), Hormones or Paracrine regulators.
It regroups the old APUD system which stated that all these cells originated from the neural tube.
The DNES states that only certain kind of cells originate from this neural tube and that others are from endodermal or ectodermal origine as well as that the synthesis of peptides is more present than the synthesis of amines.
Groups within the DNES
(1) The Neural Type : which include
- Adrenal medulla
- Para ganglia
(2) The Epithelial type : which include
(separate endocrine gland, or parts thereof)
- Adenohypophysis
- Islets of Langerhans
- parathyroid gland
- Pineal gland
(unicellular glands incorporated in other epithelial cells)
- GI Tract
- Liver
- Merkel cells of the Skin
- Parafollicular cell of the Thyroid gland
- Mammary glands
- urogenital system (male and female)
- Respiratory system
References
de:Diffuses neuroendokrines System