Descendants of James VI and I
James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625), the only child of Mary, Queen of Scots, was King of Scots from 1567 and King of England and Ireland from 1603, being the first monarch of the House of Stuart to rule all three countries.
Marriage
In August 1589, James married Anne of Denmark by proxy and their actual wedding ceremony took place in Oslo, Norway, on 23 November of that year. Although James and Anne were close at the beginning of their marriage, they gradually drifted apart. She had been brought up a Lutheran and converted to Catholicism shortly after marrying James, which was unpopular among the people of Presbyterian Scotland (and, later, those of Anglican England).
By the time of her husband's accession to the English throne in 1603, Anne was the mother of three living children (Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, Elizabeth and Charles), but had also suffered at least three miscarriages and stillbirths, and had another four children who died in infancy. Their second son succeeded James as King Charles I.
Children
Name |
Portrait |
Birth |
Marriages and Issue |
Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales |
19 February 1594 |
Never married |
6 November 1612 (aged 18) |
|
Elizabeth of Bohemia |
19 August 1596 |
Frederick of Bohemia |
13 February 1662 (aged 65) |
|
Charles I of England |
19 November 1600 |
Henrietta Maria of France |
30 January 1649 (aged 48) |
|
Descendants of Elisabeth of Bohemia
Elizabeth was the eldest daughter of James VI and I, and the sister of King Charles I. Among her suitors was King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, but she was eventually betrothed to Frederick V, then Elector of the Electorate of the Palatinate in Germany, in 1612. On 14 February 1613, they married and she took up her place in the court at Heidelberg. In 1619, Frederick was offered and accepted the crown of Bohemia. Elizabeth was crowned Queen of Bohemia on 7 November 1619, three days after her husband was crowned King of Bohemia. Frederick's rule was extremely brief, and thus Elizabeth became known as the "Winter Queen". Following the Restoration of the English and Scottish monarchies, she travelled to London to visit her nephew, Charles II, and died while there.
With the demise of the Stuart dynasty in 1714, her direct descendants, the Hanoverian rulers, succeeded to the British throne. Elizabeth's youngest daughter, Sophia of Hanover, became the nearest Protestant relative to the English, Scottish and Irish crowns (later British crown). Under the English Act of Settlement, the succession was settled on Sophia and her issue, so her son George Ludwig ascended the throne as George I.
Progeny of Charles Louis I, Elector Palatine
Name of Descendant |
Portrait |
Birth and Parents |
Marriages and Issue |
Death |
Miscellaneous |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine |
22 December 1617 |
Charlotte |
28 August 1680 (aged 63) |
Is most infamous for annulling his marriage to Charlotte, his first wife and his subsequent bigamous and morganatic marriage to Marie Luise von Degenfeld; |
|
Charles II, Elector Palatine |
31 March 1651 |
Princess Wilhelmina Ernestine of Denmark |
26 May 1685 (aged 34) |
After his death, due to the succession rules in the Palatinate, the Electorate passed to the catholic Neuberg branch of the House of Wittelsbach. However his sister Elizabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Orléans, constituted a rival claim, one which was manipulated by her brother-in-law, Louis XIV of France, causing the Nine Years War |
|
Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate |
27 May 1652 |
Philippe I, Duke of Orléans |
8 December 1722 (aged 70) |
Along with her husband, she is the founder of the modern House of Orléans. She also has many other descendants, belonging to, among others, the Spanish, Italian, Bulgarian, Austrian royal houses |
|
Karoline von der Pfalz |
19 November 1659 |
Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg |
28 June 1696 (aged 37) |
Her progeny are the lesser known, yet no less greater, descendants of Charles Louis of the Palatine and his morganatic wife, Marie Luise von Degenfeld |
Progeny of Edward of Palatine-Simmern
Name of Descendant |
Portrait |
Birth and Parents |
Marriages and Issue |
Death |
Miscellaneous |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Edward of Palatine-Simmern |
5 October 1625 |
Anna Gonzaga |
10 March 1663 |
Had his wife not influenced him to convert to Catholicism from Protestantism, the succession to the British throne may have passed to his daughters; |
|
Louisa Mary of Simmern |
23 July 1647 |
Charles Theodore, Prince of Salm |
11 March 1679 |
||
Anne Henrietta of Simmern |
23 July 1648 |
Henry III, Prince of Condé |
23 February 1723 (aged 74) |
Two of her daughters married into the Conti line of the House of Bourbon and illegitimate Maine line respectively. Hence she was an ancestor of the Conde branch and its cadet Conti line, through her son and daughter. |
|
Benedicta Henrietta of the Palatinate |
14 March 1652 |
John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg |
12 August 1730 |
Through her elder daughter Charlotte, she is an ancestor of Robert, Archduke of Austria-Este, Henri, Count of Paris and Juan Carlos of Spain. Through her younger daughter, Wilhelmina Amalia, she was an ancestor of Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony and his wife Maria Antonia Walpurgis of Bavaria, Maria Amalia of Saxony, who was Queen of Spain, Maria Anna Sophia of Saxony, Electress of Bavaria, Marie-Josèphe, the mother of Louis XVI of France, among others |
|
Progeny of Sophia of the Palatinate
Name of Descendant |
Portrait |
Birth and Parents |
Marriages and Issue |
Death |
Miscellaneous |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sophia of Hanover |
14 October 1630 |
Ernst Augustus |
8 June 1714 (aged 83) |
The Act of Settlement, 1701 declared her heiress to the British throne, and to her cousin Anne, excluding all other Catholic contenders being the only Protestant descendant of James I. The throne eventually passed to her son George Ludwig, who ascended as George I of Great Britain. Her daughter married into the Prussian Royal family, hence she has numerous descendants. (See Line of succession to the British throne) |
|
George I of Great Britain |
28 May 1660 |
Sophia Dorothea of Celle |
11 June 1727 (aged 67) |
Has many modern day descendants. Through his son he is a direct ancestor of the House of Windsor. His daughter married into the Royal House of Prussia, hence he has the same descendants as his sister, Sophia Charlotte of Hanover (see below). His illegitimate daughter Lady Stanhope was probably the mother of Benedict Swingate Calvert and hence a grandmother of George Washington Parke Custis, stepgrandson and adopted son of George Washington |
|
Sophia Charlotte of Hanover |
30 October 1668 |
Frederick I of Prussia |
1 February 1705 |
Her son married his first cousin Sophia Dorothea of Hanover (see above), and fathered many children, hence she is also an ancestor of Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, Juan Carlos I of Spain and Jean Christophe, Prince Napoléon |
|
Descendants of Charles I of England
Charles I, the second son of James VI and I was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. The monarchy was then abolished and a republic called the Commonwealth of England, also referred to as the Cromwellian Interregnum, was declared. Charles's son, Charles II, became king after the restoration of the monarchy in 1660.
Progeny of Charles II
Name of Descendant |
Portrait |
Birth and Parents |
Marriages and Issue |
Death |
Miscellaneous |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Charles II of England |
29 May 1630 |
Catherine of Braganza |
6 February 1685(aged 54) |
See Descendants of Charles II of England; |
|
James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth |
9 April 1649 |
Anne Scott, 1st Duchess of Buccleuch |
15 July 1685 (aged 36) |
Ancestor of Spencer Perceval, Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester and Sarah, Duchess of York |
|
Charles FitzCharles, 1st Earl of Plymouth |
1657 |
Lady Bridget Osborne |
17 October 1680 (aged 23) |
Has no surviving descendants |
|
Charles Fitzroy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland |
18 June 1662 |
Mary Wood |
9 September 1730 (aged 68) |
Has no surviving descendants |
|
Charlotte Lee, Countess of Lichfield |
5 September 1664 |
Edward Lee, 1st Earl of Lichfield |
17 February 1718 (aged 54) |
Ancestor of Anthony Eden; Her great-great-granddaughter Eleanor Calvert married John Parke Custis, stepson of George Washington. She is also an ancestor of the Mitford sisters |
|
Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton |
28 September 1663 |
Isabella Bennet, 2nd Countess of Arlington |
9 October 1690 (aged 27) |
Ancestor of Diana, Princess of Wales |
|
George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland |
28 December 1665 |
Catherine Wheatly |
28 June 1716 (aged 51) |
Has no surviving descendants |
|
Charles Beauclerk, 1st Duke of St Albans |
8 May 1670 |
Diana de Vere |
10 May 1726 (aged 56) |
Ancestor of Samantha Cameron, wife of Conservative Leader David Cameron |
|
Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond |
29 July 1672 |
Anne Brudenell |
27 May 1723 (aged 51) |
Ancestor of Diana, Princess of Wales |
Progeny of Princess Mary
Name of Descendant |
Portrait |
Birth and Parents |
Marriages and Issue |
Death |
Miscellaneous |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mary of England |
4 November 1631, Daughter of Charles I of England and Henrietta Maria of France |
William II, Prince of Orange |
24 December 1660 (aged 29) |
Her son became William III of England; She has no surviving descendants |
|
William III of England |
14 November 1650, Son of Mary and William II |
Mary II of England |
8 March 1702 (aged 51) |
Deposed his uncle James II of England and was crowned King, |
Progeny of James II of England
Name of Descendant |
Portrait |
Birth and Parents |
Marriages and Issue |
Death |
Miscellaneous |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
James II of England |
14 October 1633, Son of Charles I of England and Henrietta Maria of France |
Anne Hyde |
16 September 1701 (aged 67) |
Was deposed in the Glorious Revolution; replaced by his nephew and his daughter, William III and Mary II ; Has Descendants to this day |
|
Mary II of England |
30 April 1662, Daughter of James II and Lady Anne Hyde |
William III of England |
28 December 1694 (aged 32) |
Ruled jointly with her cousin and husband, William ; Has no descendants |
|
Anne, Queen of Great Britain |
6 February 1665, Daughter of James II and Lady Anne Hyde |
Prince George of Denmark |
1 August 1714 (aged 49) |
Presided over the union of England and Scotland as Great Britain; Her only son to survive infanthood, Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, died young, hence she has no descendants |
|
James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick |
21 August 1670, Son of James II and Arabella Churchill |
Honora de Burgh |
12 June 1734 (aged 64) |
Has surviving descendants |
|
James Francis Edward Stuart |
10 June 1688, Son of James II and Mary of Modena |
Maria Klementyna Sobieska |
1 January 1766 (aged 77) |
The House of Stuart ended with the death of his second son, the Cardinal of York; has descendants to this day |
|
Louisa Maria Teresa Stuart |
28 June 1692, Daughter of James II and Mary of Modena |
Never married |
18 April 1712 (aged 19) |
She was the last legitimate female scion of the House of Stuart, other than her elder half sister, Anne; |
Progeny of Henrietta of England
Name of Descendant |
Portrait |
Birth and Parents |
Marriages and Issue |
Death |
Miscellaneous |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Henrietta of England |
16 June or 26 June 1644, Daughter of Charles I of England and Henrietta Maria of France |
Philippe I, Duke of Orléans |
30 June 1670 (aged 26) |
She died young, after giving birth to her second child with her husband. Her descendants include King Juan Carlos of Spain, Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg and Franz, Duke of Bavaria among others. After the extinction of the House of Stuart with the death of Henry Benedict Stuart, the rights of succession to the British Throne, as per primogeniture, passed to her descendants. |
|
Marie Louise d'Orléans |
26 March 1662, Daughter of Philippe d'Orléans and Henrietta |
Charles II of Spain |
12 February 1689 (aged 26) |
Was the first wife of the Last Habsburg monarch of Spain, Charles II; Has no descendants |
|
Anne Marie d'Orléans |
27 August 1669, Daughter of Philippe d'Orléans and Henrietta |
Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia |
26 August 1728 (aged 69) |
Has surviving descendants; her daughter married into the French Royal Family and became the mother of Louis XV of France |
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