Definitions of cult

The word cult has multiple conflicting definitions, especially when applied to a new religious movements (NRM).

Rev. Rafael Martinez of Spiritwatch Ministries, wrote:

No small controversy has raged AbOUT how to define what a cult is or isn't. The word "cult" in its original sense is a broad and generic term used to describe a system of distinctive religious belief and worship. Yet in the past hundred years or so, the word has taken on a very negative meaning and is now used to describe "weird" groups with "weird" practices and beliefs. 1

Leo Pfeffer suggests:

"If you believe in it, it is a religion or perhaps the religion; and if you do not care one way or another about it, it is a sect; but if you fear and hate it, it is a cult." (10) 2

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language says:

A religion or religious sect GeneRally considered to be extremist or false, with its followers often living in an unconventional manner under the guidance of an authoritarian, charismatic leader. 3

According to the Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance:

Of course, if you are an author, public speaker or teleminister who wants to direct public fear and hatred against a new religious group, then "cult" is an ideal word to use. But the use of the term May Be irresponsible and immoral, depending upon your system of values. We suspect, but cannot prove, that some Internet web sites, including many:

:*Counter-cult groups -- those who mainly attack Christian denominations and sects which promote novel beliefs, and

:*Anti-cult groups -- those who attack high-intensity new religious movements which require a strong commitment from their members,

intentionally use the term "cult" for manipulative purposes. They hope that their visitors will bring with them fear and loathing of dangerous faith groups, like the former Branch Davidians or Heaven's Gate, and transfer these negative feelings to such denominations as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and the Jehovah's Witnesses. 4

Fakery

Groups which pretend to be religious, but are actually get-rich-quick schemes for their founders (or political front groups) are generally considered to be spurious. It's difficult to give any examples, because that requires the determination that the group wasn't really religious (see list of purported cults).

Danger

Groups which appear religous but urge their members to kill themselves or each other are generally described as destructive. Several examples have surfaced in recent decades:

• Heaven's Gate

Heresy

The most common complaint against NRMs is that their teachings are false, even if sincere held. The counter-cult movement particularly watches out for groups claiming a Christian basis but which provide the "wrong" plan for salvation.

The best known example, is the tiny Unification Church, with 5,600 adult members in the United States. Because Unificationists believe Rev. Moon is the Messiah, mainstream Christians who believe only Jesus can be the Messiah consider their belief heretical and pernicious ("You're going to hell, young man!").