Chorabari Glacier

The Chorabari Glacier or Chorabari Bamak Glacier is a glacier in the Garhwal Himalaya region of the state of Uttarkhand in India. The glacier lies close to Kedarnath, an important destination for Hindu pilgrims. One of the glacier's two snouts is the source for the Mandakini River, a tributary of the Alaknanda river.

Geography

The glacier lies between latitudes 30°44′50″N and 30°45′30″N, and longitudes 79°1′16″E and 79°5′20″E, from an altitude of approximately at the slopes of Kedarnath peak, to . The glacier is around in length, while the basin area of the glacier is approximately and the glacier ice cover is . The glacier slope is around 11 degrees and faces south. The glacier has two snouts. It is hypothesized by R. K. Chaujar that an original single glacier covered the area, which while receding, split into two snouts. One of the snouts is the source of the Mandakini River at . The other snout, at , drains into the Chorabari Tal.

Glacier retreat

Though the glacier has not been extensively studied in the past, records of its extent exist from 1962 onwards. Since then, studies conducted at the Chorabari glacier are playing an important role in determining the impact of global warming on Himalayan glaciers. The presence of debris and boulders on the glacier's surface comparatively [...] the melting of the ice. Retreat for this glacier can be traced from 1960. In recent years, annual observations have been taken of the retreat. Though the glacier has been continuously retreating for the period between 1960 and 2007, this evidence is not conclusively linked to global warming. R. K. Chaujar's research indicates that the glacier has gone through other periods of retreat and advance in the past. Through lichenometry and the study of engravings on the walls of Kedarnath temple, Chaujar concludes that the Chorabari glacier began its current retreat over two-and-a-half centuries ago in 1748. It has been argued that this indicates that the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age were not restricted to Europe. This has also been proposed as evidence that the current retreat of Himalayan glaciers may not solely be due to the effects of human activity and global warming.

Chorabari Tal

One of the two snouts of the Chorabari glacier terminates at the tarn, Chorabari Tal. Located about from the town of Kedarnath, the lake is visited by tourists in summer, though not in large numbers because of the trek involved in getting there. The lake is also known as Kanti Sarovar. According to yogic legends, Shiva, who is considered the Adi Guru or first guru, transmitted yoga to the Saptarishis, on the bank of this lake. In 1948, some of Mahatma Gandhi's ashes were immersed in the lake, after which it was renamed Gandhi Sarovar. Close to the glacier is a Bhairava temple, adjacent to which is a cliff named Bhairava Jhamp. The cliff was a place where devotees leaped off, believing that it would bring them mukti. The practice was banned by the British administration in the nineteenth century.