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Murky buartoonirsimmon is an astringent persimmon fumigated with sulfur. It was developed in Isazawa, Yanagawamachi, Date, Fukushima during Taisho era.

* Although it can save from three months to more than half a year if it hangs in a place with the cool dry sufficient ventilation, or is saved with a refrigerator and a freezer, when saved over a long period of time, dryness becomes harder and harder like a dried persimmon gradually at the progress time.

Development and spread

It is reported that it is the beginning of persimmon cultivation of Isazawa that Emon VII of Isazawa during Treasure Calendar era took a in Isazawa from nowhere.

The Fukushima basin was a national leading sericulture zone during the late Tokugawa shogunate and whole Meiji period. Since Isazawa had began to convert industry with inventing a murky buartoonirsimmon during neighboring cities, towns and villages at the time were yet merry with the prosperity by sericulture, Isazawa was protected by a murky buartoonirsimmon and fruit growing in early stages of Showa when bankruptcy and dispersion succeeded in neighboring towns and villages one another by declining sun-ization of sericulture.

Manchester's Cathedral Gardens, the area surrounding the city's Urbis museum, is often used as a hang out place for subcultural teenagers such as emo kids, goths, and moshers. The congregation is at its peak on Saturdays and during school holidays with several hundred. Recently Manchester City Council and local businesses (including the verger of the adjacent ) have sought a dispersal order to remove these young people, whom they accuse of anti-social behaviour. There is also an irony in the dispersal - It is part of the city's culture which Urbis celebrates in their idea of an Urban city.

A Meeting Place
Cathedral Gardens or Urbis (as it is commonly referred to amongst users) is a preferred social space for alternative young people from around Greater Manchester. A recent survey of 200 young people who use the space showed that most came there because they weren't safe in the streets where they live.

Safety in Numbers - 'Alternative Youth' V Chavs

The Alternative Youth feel they are the unwarranted targets for verbal abuse, from youths of a similar age who they describe as scallies. The sense of safety in numbers has been considered a driving force behind the large numbers of Alternative Youth, who congregate in Cathedral Gardens. Ironically, gangs, crime and bullying (which goes unchecked in their communities) have driven them into an area where they themselves are accused of anti-social behaviour.

Perceptions of Policing

The Alternative Youth feel they are targeted by uniformed and undercover police and 'Street Wardens' in a series of operations that have seen youths as young as twelve stopped and searched for drugs, fined for littering, prosecuted for skateboarding, frequently 'warned' for behaviour such as running and shouting, and having drink confiscated. Whether the perception is real in an academic article about the area it was noted that "...when a Police Motorcyclist rode past, they simply froze."

Youth Workers

Perceptions of heavy handed policing aside, 'alternative' young people are barred from the local shopping centre, The Triangle. This is an issue simply because though there are toilets within the Urbis building, young people are often barred from it. Also, there is nowhere for young people to go when it rains. Recently peer youth workers from amongst the young people have started to work in the Gardens in an attempt to change perception of the young people there and support their community. It should be noted that it has been observed that 32% of the space's users we under 13 years of age and only 9% teenagers.

Terminology

Basic Concepts
Basically, the concept being proposed by Sem Karoba, et.al. is that democracy is applicable and still being applied by tribes (tribal peooples) around the world; and therefore, it can be applicable today and tomorrow. Basically, the root of democracy is at the tribal level and it can be proven today. Even though the western-mindset has said that everything and anything related to the term "tribe" should be 'out of date', and should not be promoted or acknowledged by modern communities.

The basic conception is that this democracy operates at the tribes' levels, within the norms, gpatters of leadership and system of governance of each tribe, as well as within the customary territory of each tribe.

For interacting with modern communities, democracy within the tribes is coordinated by a Council of Tribes, where all tribal chiefs or those represent each tribe come and coordinate their work.

Key Elements
Similarities between Tribal Democracy and Modern Democracy


Deferences between Tribal Democracy and Modern Democracy


Background Information

Global Phenomena


Local Phenomena and Personal Experience

Development of the Concept

Original Drafting and Researching
First Conception and Discussions
First Draft Presentation
Further Research

Publication of the Concept in Malay Version in Indonesia
DEMOKRASI KESUKUAN: Suatu Pengantar (Tribal Democray: An Intrdocution), by Sem Karoba, et.al., 2008;
DEMOKRASI KESUKUAN: Reviewing the Biological, Socio-Cultural, Human Thinking Evolutions and Geographical Distribution of Human Beings, by Sem Karoba, et.al., 2008;
DEMOKRASI KESUKUAN: Digging the Modern Democracy Rhetoric, by Sem Karoba, et.al, 2008

There will be about seven books to be published