The E-flite P-47D Thunderbolt 400 is an intermediate to advanced electric-powered almost ready-to-fly foam park flyer-class airplane designed, manufactured and distributed by E-flite, a division of Horizon Hobby of Champaign, Illinois, USA.
Introduced shortly before the 2005 holiday season, the P-47D is E-flite's first scale warbird. Injection molded in CA-compatible EPS foam, the subassemblies of the P-47D are fully painted and decorated as is a pilot figure. Injection molding allows for deep, crisp, prototypically correct panel lines; an assembled P-47D makes an attractive static model when not in use. An interesting detail may be observed around the engine cowl. Speckles of aluminum-colored paint represent the chipped paint often seen on the prototype. The aileron servos and their wiring harnesses are hidden from view by vacuum-molded covers attached with Velcro and simulated machine gun barrels come pre-installed on the leading edges of the wing. The paint scheme with its distinctive yellow and black checkerboard pattern represents an actual aircraft flown in the spring of 1944 in Foggia, Italy by flying ace Lt. Cecil O. Dean of the 317th Fighter Squadron/325th Fighter Group of the Fifteenth Air Force. A similar plane, number 11, was flown in that same squadron by Herschel Green (1920-2006), another of World War II's greatest aces.
The model is designed for easy and quick final assembly. Control surfaces come pre-installed as do a carbon fiber wing spar, the pilot, the canopy, motor mount, all decals and control horns. Pushrods are precut with Z-bends and pre-installed clevises. Landing gear wheels and tires are pre-mounted as well; Horizon Hobby claims that the P-47D can be assembled and flight ready in two to four hours. Several propulsion setup options are discussed in the instruction manual and the plane can be built with or without the included landing gear and simulated, wing-mounted bombs and pylons. Because of the various propulsion options available, a stick of modeling clay is included to help weight the nose in order to achieve the proper center of gravity. The balancing points are clearly marked with the letters "CG" on top of the wing. The rudder, vertical stabilizer and fuselage are molded as a unit and requires the rudder be cut from the tail, then trimmed and hinged in order to make it functional.
The recommended setups and their catalog numbers are:
*Use of the brushed 480 and gearbox included with the kit
*4200kv E-flite Park 400 inrunner brushless motor (EFLM1100) with a change from the enclosed 56-tooth spur to a 65-tooth spur (EFLM243), 10-tooth pinion (EFLM1951) and Park 400 heat sink (EFLM1912)
*920kv E-flite Park 400 outrunner (EFLM1305)
*890kv E-flite Park 450 outrunner (EFLM1400)
An adapter to allow use of an outrunner is included with the kit. Use of the included 10x8E propeller is recommended for all but the geared 4200kv setup for which E-flite recommends the use of their 11x7 slow-flyer prop (EFLP1170, sold in packs of two) and enclosed large-to-small hex adapter. A 5/32" drill is required to ream out the propeller. Should one wish to use an APC-styled prop with the supplied gearbox, a suitable adapter is provided although the manual makes no mention of it.
Glossary
*APC: Abbreviation for Advanced Precision Composites, a brand of composite model aircraft propellers
*Brushed motor: An electric motor through which current is applied to the motor's commutator via the use of molded, soft metallic devices called "brushes"
*Brushless motor: An electric motor which relies on rapidly switching electromagnets to spin the armature
*Inrunner: An electric motor whose moving parts and magnets are contained within its shell
*Kv: A term applying primarily to permanent magnet DC motors (both brushed and brushess) and which refers to RPMs per volt. For example, a motor rated at 920kv simply means that the motor will spin approximately 920 rpm at one volt (slightly less, due to resistive losses in the motor)
*Outrunner: An electric motor in which the outer shell rotates around the fixed inner shell. A motor found in a CD-ROM drive is a good example of an outrunner
Specifications
*Wingspan: 39" (990mm)
*Length: 32" (813mm)
*Wing area: 260 sq in (168 sq cm)
*Flying weight: 21–26 oz (595-737g)
*Stock propulsion: Geared 480 with 10x8E propeller
*Radio requirements: Three-channel or greater; at least four-channel if rudder is used
*Recommended servo: E-flite S-75 7.5-gram sub-micro (EFLRS75) or equivalent; a 6" Y-harness (JR JSP98020 or equivalent) is required to operate the aileron servos via a single channel
*Recommended ESC: 20-ampere brushed (Castle Creations Pixie-20 CSEP20P or equivalent) or 20-ampere brushless (E-flite EFLA311B or equivalent)
*Recommended battery: 2100mAh 3S lithium polymer (Thunder Power THP21003SPL or equivalent) or nine-cell 1000mAh nickel metal hydride (ParkZone PKZ1027)
*Catalog number: EFL6000
*Average price: US$89.99
External links and reference
*
*
*[http://www.rcgroups.com/forums/showthread.php?t435963&pp15 P-47D forum at rcgroups.com]
Introduced shortly before the 2005 holiday season, the P-47D is E-flite's first scale warbird. Injection molded in CA-compatible EPS foam, the subassemblies of the P-47D are fully painted and decorated as is a pilot figure. Injection molding allows for deep, crisp, prototypically correct panel lines; an assembled P-47D makes an attractive static model when not in use. An interesting detail may be observed around the engine cowl. Speckles of aluminum-colored paint represent the chipped paint often seen on the prototype. The aileron servos and their wiring harnesses are hidden from view by vacuum-molded covers attached with Velcro and simulated machine gun barrels come pre-installed on the leading edges of the wing. The paint scheme with its distinctive yellow and black checkerboard pattern represents an actual aircraft flown in the spring of 1944 in Foggia, Italy by flying ace Lt. Cecil O. Dean of the 317th Fighter Squadron/325th Fighter Group of the Fifteenth Air Force. A similar plane, number 11, was flown in that same squadron by Herschel Green (1920-2006), another of World War II's greatest aces.
The model is designed for easy and quick final assembly. Control surfaces come pre-installed as do a carbon fiber wing spar, the pilot, the canopy, motor mount, all decals and control horns. Pushrods are precut with Z-bends and pre-installed clevises. Landing gear wheels and tires are pre-mounted as well; Horizon Hobby claims that the P-47D can be assembled and flight ready in two to four hours. Several propulsion setup options are discussed in the instruction manual and the plane can be built with or without the included landing gear and simulated, wing-mounted bombs and pylons. Because of the various propulsion options available, a stick of modeling clay is included to help weight the nose in order to achieve the proper center of gravity. The balancing points are clearly marked with the letters "CG" on top of the wing. The rudder, vertical stabilizer and fuselage are molded as a unit and requires the rudder be cut from the tail, then trimmed and hinged in order to make it functional.
The recommended setups and their catalog numbers are:
*Use of the brushed 480 and gearbox included with the kit
*4200kv E-flite Park 400 inrunner brushless motor (EFLM1100) with a change from the enclosed 56-tooth spur to a 65-tooth spur (EFLM243), 10-tooth pinion (EFLM1951) and Park 400 heat sink (EFLM1912)
*920kv E-flite Park 400 outrunner (EFLM1305)
*890kv E-flite Park 450 outrunner (EFLM1400)
An adapter to allow use of an outrunner is included with the kit. Use of the included 10x8E propeller is recommended for all but the geared 4200kv setup for which E-flite recommends the use of their 11x7 slow-flyer prop (EFLP1170, sold in packs of two) and enclosed large-to-small hex adapter. A 5/32" drill is required to ream out the propeller. Should one wish to use an APC-styled prop with the supplied gearbox, a suitable adapter is provided although the manual makes no mention of it.
Glossary
*APC: Abbreviation for Advanced Precision Composites, a brand of composite model aircraft propellers
*Brushed motor: An electric motor through which current is applied to the motor's commutator via the use of molded, soft metallic devices called "brushes"
*Brushless motor: An electric motor which relies on rapidly switching electromagnets to spin the armature
*Inrunner: An electric motor whose moving parts and magnets are contained within its shell
*Kv: A term applying primarily to permanent magnet DC motors (both brushed and brushess) and which refers to RPMs per volt. For example, a motor rated at 920kv simply means that the motor will spin approximately 920 rpm at one volt (slightly less, due to resistive losses in the motor)
*Outrunner: An electric motor in which the outer shell rotates around the fixed inner shell. A motor found in a CD-ROM drive is a good example of an outrunner
Specifications
*Wingspan: 39" (990mm)
*Length: 32" (813mm)
*Wing area: 260 sq in (168 sq cm)
*Flying weight: 21–26 oz (595-737g)
*Stock propulsion: Geared 480 with 10x8E propeller
*Radio requirements: Three-channel or greater; at least four-channel if rudder is used
*Recommended servo: E-flite S-75 7.5-gram sub-micro (EFLRS75) or equivalent; a 6" Y-harness (JR JSP98020 or equivalent) is required to operate the aileron servos via a single channel
*Recommended ESC: 20-ampere brushed (Castle Creations Pixie-20 CSEP20P or equivalent) or 20-ampere brushless (E-flite EFLA311B or equivalent)
*Recommended battery: 2100mAh 3S lithium polymer (Thunder Power THP21003SPL or equivalent) or nine-cell 1000mAh nickel metal hydride (ParkZone PKZ1027)
*Catalog number: EFL6000
*Average price: US$89.99
External links and reference
*
*
*[http://www.rcgroups.com/forums/showthread.php?t435963&pp15 P-47D forum at rcgroups.com]
Maithreyi Seetharaman is a business reporter for Bloomberg News. Currently she reports several times a day live from the floor of the NYSE. Maithreyi is also a former Senior Correspondent at CNBC-TV18 - India. She has also written several business articles for publications such as The Globalist
She has a Bachelors degree in Commerce from Jai Hind College in India and a Master of Journalism from Bond University in Australia.
She has a Bachelors degree in Commerce from Jai Hind College in India and a Master of Journalism from Bond University in Australia.
Content strategy (CS) is a working discipline in the field of interactive design.
What is content strategy?
As Jessie Collins explains in a Navigation Arts essay from November, 2007, a content strategy addresses the following:
* Tells you how much content should be on your site, where it will originate, and how often it will be updated;
* Sets the tone of your site by determining vocabulary and writing style; and
* Helps align the verbal messages on your site with the design and the organization created by the site's structure.
Content strategy versus copywriting
It is most often compared, in the corporate world, to advertising copywriting and, in the academic world, to library sciences.
Content strategists (or, as they are sometimes labelled, interactive copywriters) tend to work for interactive design agencies or the new media units of traditional advertising firms.
But content strategists are not copywriters:
Collectively, the tasks of planning for, obtaining, writing, editing, managing, and maintaining content may be termed "content strategy." Many site owners and managers hear the word "content" and immediately think "copywriting," but writing site copy is only one component of the strategy.
As a consequence, Collins concludes, "The dismissive reflex, 'content equals copy' overlooks the complexities inherent in a long-term content strategy and can have far reaching effects on the success of a site."
An emerging field of interactive design
In an essay for Boxes and Arrows published March 26, 2007, Rachel Lovinger, a Senior Content Strategist at Avenue A/Razorfish, compares the evolution of the term "content strategy" to that of information architecture:
"The analogy I’ve been using recently is that content strategy is to copywriting as information architecture is to design. I find this analogy to be especially encouraging because six years ago, as the crest of the first wave of the web was about to break, people had no idea what “information architecture” meant either."
While recognized as a field of practice in its own right, many of the principles of content strategy may be considered emergent, paralleling the evolution of web content specifically, and the ascendance of user experience design generally.
Unlike most fields of interactive design, at this time there are no popularly cited texts taking content strategy as their subject, and unlike, for instance, information design, there is no single evangelist (pace Edward Tufte) to speak for the domain. That said, noted usability expert Jakob Neilsen, who wrote one of the seminal considerations of writing for the web in 1997, has discussed content strategy in name in 2007.
What is content strategy?
As Jessie Collins explains in a Navigation Arts essay from November, 2007, a content strategy addresses the following:
* Tells you how much content should be on your site, where it will originate, and how often it will be updated;
* Sets the tone of your site by determining vocabulary and writing style; and
* Helps align the verbal messages on your site with the design and the organization created by the site's structure.
Content strategy versus copywriting
It is most often compared, in the corporate world, to advertising copywriting and, in the academic world, to library sciences.
Content strategists (or, as they are sometimes labelled, interactive copywriters) tend to work for interactive design agencies or the new media units of traditional advertising firms.
But content strategists are not copywriters:
Collectively, the tasks of planning for, obtaining, writing, editing, managing, and maintaining content may be termed "content strategy." Many site owners and managers hear the word "content" and immediately think "copywriting," but writing site copy is only one component of the strategy.
As a consequence, Collins concludes, "The dismissive reflex, 'content equals copy' overlooks the complexities inherent in a long-term content strategy and can have far reaching effects on the success of a site."
An emerging field of interactive design
In an essay for Boxes and Arrows published March 26, 2007, Rachel Lovinger, a Senior Content Strategist at Avenue A/Razorfish, compares the evolution of the term "content strategy" to that of information architecture:
"The analogy I’ve been using recently is that content strategy is to copywriting as information architecture is to design. I find this analogy to be especially encouraging because six years ago, as the crest of the first wave of the web was about to break, people had no idea what “information architecture” meant either."
While recognized as a field of practice in its own right, many of the principles of content strategy may be considered emergent, paralleling the evolution of web content specifically, and the ascendance of user experience design generally.
Unlike most fields of interactive design, at this time there are no popularly cited texts taking content strategy as their subject, and unlike, for instance, information design, there is no single evangelist (pace Edward Tufte) to speak for the domain. That said, noted usability expert Jakob Neilsen, who wrote one of the seminal considerations of writing for the web in 1997, has discussed content strategy in name in 2007.
QuantLib is a free/open-source cross-platform software library, established in 2000, for quantitative finance, issued under the BSD License. It implements a wide range number of financial functions, including:
* Business/Trading Calendars for many countries
* General mathematical functions, such as interpolators, random number and pseudo-random number generators, solvers and distribution functions
* Option pricing calculation engines, including finite differences, binomial and trinomial trees, Monte-Carlo, Black-Scholes and many other analytic and numeric options formulae.
The library is written in ANSI C++ but uses SWIG to include support for multiple languages including:
*
* Java
* Microsoft Excel
* Mathematica
* Python
* Ruby
Major contributors include Dario Cintioli, Global Head of Risk at StatPro Italia and founder of RiskMap, and Ferdinando Ametrano of Banca Caboto who remains a QuantLib Group member and administrator. Since its inception, QuantLib has been downloaded more than 74,000 times according to its statistics at Sourceforge.
In 2007, QuantLib has firmly established itself as one of the most used financial quantitative analysis libraries globally, and in the preceding twelve months saw 150,000 downloads, with 4,000 returning users for each new release.
* Business/Trading Calendars for many countries
* General mathematical functions, such as interpolators, random number and pseudo-random number generators, solvers and distribution functions
* Option pricing calculation engines, including finite differences, binomial and trinomial trees, Monte-Carlo, Black-Scholes and many other analytic and numeric options formulae.
The library is written in ANSI C++ but uses SWIG to include support for multiple languages including:
*
* Java
* Microsoft Excel
* Mathematica
* Python
* Ruby
Major contributors include Dario Cintioli, Global Head of Risk at StatPro Italia and founder of RiskMap, and Ferdinando Ametrano of Banca Caboto who remains a QuantLib Group member and administrator. Since its inception, QuantLib has been downloaded more than 74,000 times according to its statistics at Sourceforge.
In 2007, QuantLib has firmly established itself as one of the most used financial quantitative analysis libraries globally, and in the preceding twelve months saw 150,000 downloads, with 4,000 returning users for each new release.