Battletech 3065 Online (also known as BattleTech 3065 MUX or Battletech-Online.org Battletech MUX) is a MUX telnet server which hosts free computer-moderated Battletech wargaming. Avoiding any pretense at role-playing, the site focuses almost exclusively on combat scenarios.
3065 was founded by Joakim Boalt, a tank officer of the Swedish Armed Forces. Although an earlier version did exist, the site is generally construed as being founded on January 17, 1998, when it operated as a MUSE; on July 17, it was converted to MUX. On October 11, 2003, the website's ownership was transferred to "Q/Kip". After being down for over 2 years, 3065 re-opened on January 2, 2007 under new management.
Quotes
*"GANK!" (The 3065 Wizard Team)
*"PANDY IN CA!" (The 3065 Wizard Team)
3065 was founded by Joakim Boalt, a tank officer of the Swedish Armed Forces. Although an earlier version did exist, the site is generally construed as being founded on January 17, 1998, when it operated as a MUSE; on July 17, it was converted to MUX. On October 11, 2003, the website's ownership was transferred to "Q/Kip". After being down for over 2 years, 3065 re-opened on January 2, 2007 under new management.
Quotes
*"GANK!" (The 3065 Wizard Team)
*"PANDY IN CA!" (The 3065 Wizard Team)
Christopher Timothy Norwood a.k.a. Rhyme Minister Chris (RMC) has had a long history in hip hp music. Known by key San Francisco Bay Area Hip Hop aficionados as the legendary, ground breaking emcee Chris from the group Chris & Ray which evolved from another group called the C.L.O.C. (Creators of Lyrical Conversation) of Saturn Records. Saturn Records was one of the pioneering West Coast Rap labels which featured well known artists such as ICE T, Dr. Dre, Triple Threat Three and Captain Rapp early in their careers (1980's). Rhyme Minister Chris is a current member of Jubilee Christian Center of San Jose and part of the first graduating class of William Jessup University formetly known as San Jose Christian College where he obtained a B.S. Degree in Christian Leadership and Biblical Theology.
Slavery was customary during the antiquity and the Middle Ages, and legislations commonly permitted the slave trade. According to the Jewish Law, Jewish slaves had the right of emancipation on the , and all slaves had to be freed after seven Sabbatical cycles on a Jubilee year. A slave who was taken to the Holy Land became free as soon as he touched the soil.
Allegations that Jews dominated the slave trade in Medieval Europe, Africa, and/or the Americas has been widely debated by scholars.
History
In 492 Pope Gelasius permitted Jews to introduce slaves from Gaul into Italy, on the condition that they were non-Christian.
Ibn Khordadhbeh in the 9th century describes two routes by which Jewish slave-dealers carried slaves from West to East and from East to West. Similarly, the Jews of Verdun, about the year 949, purchased slaves in their neighborhood and sold them in Spain.
The means by which Jews earned their livelihoods were largely determined by the restrictions placed on them by the authorities.
The Christian Church repeatedly protested against the sale of Christians to Jews, the first protest occurring as early as 538. At the third council of Orleans a decree was passed that Jews must not possess Christian servants or slaves, a prohibition which was repeated over and over again at different councils—as at Orleans (541), Paris (633), Toledo (fourth council, 633), Szabolcs (1092), Ghent (1112), Narbonne (1227), Béziers (1246). After this time the need of such a prohibition seems to have disappeared. Thus, at Marseilles, in the 13th century, there were only two cases of Jewish, as against seven of Christian, slave-traders It was part of St. Benedict's rule that Christian slaves were not to serve Jews.
Despite the ruling, many Christians trafficked with the Jews in slaves, and the Church dignitaries of Bavaria even recognized this traffic by insisting on Jews and other merchants paying toll for slaves.
Allegations and refutations
Allegations that Jews dominated the slave trade in Medieval Europe, Africa, and/or the Americas often appear in antisemitic discourse as a part of "Jewish domination" or "Jewish persecution" antisemitic canard. Medieval Christians made such allegations, claiming Jews controlled trade and finance and hatched plots "to enslave, convert, or sell non-Jews." Such allegations are denied by David Brion Davis, who argues that Jews had no major or continuing impact on the history of New World slavery.
One of the latest examples of such accusations are made in the Nation of Islam's 1991 book The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews. These charges were widely refuted by scholars.
Jewish slaves
Jewish communities customarily ransomed Jewish captives according to a Judaic mitzvah regarding the redemption of captives (pidyon shvuyim). Knowing this, slave traders preyed on Jews.
In his A History of the Jews, Paul Johnson writes:
Jews were particularly valued as captives since it was believed, usually correctly, that even if they themselves poor, a Jewish community somewhere could be persuaded to ransom them. If a Jew was taken by Turks from a Christian ship, his release was usually negotiated from Constantinople. In Venice, the Jewish Levantine and Portuguese congregations set up a special organization for redeeming Jewish captives taken by Christians from Turkish ships, Jewish merchants paid a special tax on all goods to support it, which acted as a form of insurance since they were likely victims.
Allegations that Jews dominated the slave trade in Medieval Europe, Africa, and/or the Americas has been widely debated by scholars.
History
In 492 Pope Gelasius permitted Jews to introduce slaves from Gaul into Italy, on the condition that they were non-Christian.
Ibn Khordadhbeh in the 9th century describes two routes by which Jewish slave-dealers carried slaves from West to East and from East to West. Similarly, the Jews of Verdun, about the year 949, purchased slaves in their neighborhood and sold them in Spain.
The means by which Jews earned their livelihoods were largely determined by the restrictions placed on them by the authorities.
The Christian Church repeatedly protested against the sale of Christians to Jews, the first protest occurring as early as 538. At the third council of Orleans a decree was passed that Jews must not possess Christian servants or slaves, a prohibition which was repeated over and over again at different councils—as at Orleans (541), Paris (633), Toledo (fourth council, 633), Szabolcs (1092), Ghent (1112), Narbonne (1227), Béziers (1246). After this time the need of such a prohibition seems to have disappeared. Thus, at Marseilles, in the 13th century, there were only two cases of Jewish, as against seven of Christian, slave-traders It was part of St. Benedict's rule that Christian slaves were not to serve Jews.
Despite the ruling, many Christians trafficked with the Jews in slaves, and the Church dignitaries of Bavaria even recognized this traffic by insisting on Jews and other merchants paying toll for slaves.
Allegations and refutations
Allegations that Jews dominated the slave trade in Medieval Europe, Africa, and/or the Americas often appear in antisemitic discourse as a part of "Jewish domination" or "Jewish persecution" antisemitic canard. Medieval Christians made such allegations, claiming Jews controlled trade and finance and hatched plots "to enslave, convert, or sell non-Jews." Such allegations are denied by David Brion Davis, who argues that Jews had no major or continuing impact on the history of New World slavery.
One of the latest examples of such accusations are made in the Nation of Islam's 1991 book The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews. These charges were widely refuted by scholars.
Jewish slaves
Jewish communities customarily ransomed Jewish captives according to a Judaic mitzvah regarding the redemption of captives (pidyon shvuyim). Knowing this, slave traders preyed on Jews.
In his A History of the Jews, Paul Johnson writes:
Jews were particularly valued as captives since it was believed, usually correctly, that even if they themselves poor, a Jewish community somewhere could be persuaded to ransom them. If a Jew was taken by Turks from a Christian ship, his release was usually negotiated from Constantinople. In Venice, the Jewish Levantine and Portuguese congregations set up a special organization for redeeming Jewish captives taken by Christians from Turkish ships, Jewish merchants paid a special tax on all goods to support it, which acted as a form of insurance since they were likely victims.
The ‘Domus Pauli’ is an extension of the Chapter Hall of the Collegiate Church of St. Paul’s Shiprwreck Valletta. The Domus Pauli houses ecclesiastical artefacts connected with St. Paul’s Shipwreck Church and some of the main exhibits are models, paintings, drawings, photographs and priest garments. The place is in St. Paul’s street number 263, few doors away from the church and on the opposite side of the road. The public can visit the building on every first Sunday of the month between October to June and the opening hours are between 9.30am to 12.30pm. Entrance is free.