Juan Alfredo Gonzalez (born May 9, 1978), better known as Fredfox to the public and as "Freddy" to friends and family, is a Chicago house and promoter who gained popularity during the late 90's in the midwest rave scene. Growing up in Bridgeport, a neighborhood on Chicago's near south side, house music was always prevalent in his formative years, as the area offered ample social events and gatherings where one would often hear the music. In 1989, his family left Chicago for South Holland, a suburb just south of the city, moving directly across the street from Freddie Oboza better known as Freddie O, resident DJ at Jubilation.
From 1999 to 2003 Fredfox was the promoter and resident DJ for The Reason We Took It Underground. A weekly afterhour, known for the premier Dj's who headlined and the celebrity crowd that followed.
In the summer of 2004 Fredfox stopped promoting to take a Friday night residency at BLVD in SoHo New York. He commuted every weekend between New York and Chicago to continue his working locally.
From 1999 to 2003 Fredfox was the promoter and resident DJ for The Reason We Took It Underground. A weekly afterhour, known for the premier Dj's who headlined and the celebrity crowd that followed.
In the summer of 2004 Fredfox stopped promoting to take a Friday night residency at BLVD in SoHo New York. He commuted every weekend between New York and Chicago to continue his working locally.
Introducing...Professor Dr. Douglas John Thom [Chinese name: Tong Dao Sang (Guiding Way); Nicknames: ICE DR; Gullible Null], BSc (Mathematics and Chemistry), some medical education, BEd (Mathematics and Physical and Health Education), MA and PhD (Educational Theory--Educational Administration), born 1946 in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada is a Full Professor of Educational Administration and Leadership at Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
He received his PhD from the University of Toronto in 1979, with an award-winning dissertation on ice hockey and formal education, and served as a professor at the University of Toronto, the University of Saskatchewan, and the University of Hong Kong internationally.
Before attending graduate school, he taught Grades 9-13 secondary school Mathematics while coaching the school's hockey and football teams. His achievements include elected president of elementary school, secondary school, professional teacher training College, and University education graduate school student associations, playing College football, the development of the University of Hong Kong Advanced Studies in Educational Management program, the formation of the Hong Kong affiliate of the Commonwealth Council for Educational Administration--HKCEA, an editorship for the Canadian Society for the Study of Education (CSSE), nomination for an international Commonwealth Council for Educational Administration (CCEA) award, a Schools For Christ (SFC) Foundation, China award in recognition of his contribution to Christian Education globally, a member of Rotary International, and Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (England), and presentations in Toronto, ON, Winnipeg, MAN, Victoria, BC, Charlottesville, VA, the Barbados, Hong Kong (keynote), Kuala Lumpur (keynote), and London, England. Further, he has had standing invitations to speak at Harvard and Cornell Universities in the United States. Professor Dr. Thom is an Honourary Associate of the University of New England (Australia). His concern is values, ethics, and beliefs and he is a unique, important, and dedicated international scholar, speaker, builder, and leader. Some of his notable students/advisees are Dr. Therese W. H. Shak, Professor Dr. Nancy Doetzel, Mrs. Janet Wilkinson, Dr. Elizabeth Chan, Reverend Dr. Grant Bell, and Professor Dr. Cheng Kai Ming. His key mentors include Professor Dr. William G. Walker (deceased, the global "patron saint" of Educational Administration), Professor Tom Watt, Johan (Joe) Vander Wees, Professor Dr. Ronald Jay Stewart, Professor Dr. Daniel Klassen, Dr. T. Jerome Harvey, Professor Dr. Kwok Keung Ho, Reverend Hans Shrenk, Professor Dr. Terry Deutscher, Professor Dr. Fentey Scott (deceased), Sheila Wilson, Professor Dr. Richard Ripple, Bruce Thom, Q.C., Professor Dr. Wilfred Wees (deceased), Allan Wing (deceased), and Professor Dr. James T. Angus.
Professor Dr.Thom has published some 120 items, including 25 books. Annually, he produces the Index for the prestigious book, Education Statutes and Regulations of Ontario (LexisNexis Group Worldwide/Butterworths).
Since 2000, he has been shipping needed educational and medical goods into Africa, China, and India and acting as advisor to Global Conscience Circle (GCC)/ Cercle de la Conscience Globale (CCG), the charitable international aid organization that he founded and that is an umbrella to some 24 aid efforts worldwide--across four GCC/CCG-identified zones: 1)the Americas:(a)North &(b)South; 2)EuroRussia; 3)IndoChina:(a)North &(b)South(IndoAustralia); and 4)Africa:(a)North &(b)South(lively website on www.facebook.com with respect to which Professor Dr. Thom contributes his ideas to the "Wall" on a regular basis.) He has relevant standing invitations to Africa, China, and India.
Also known for the TELC and TLCC models, with the accompanying "Thom Theorem"(Conscience drives behavior in mature individuals), as well as the "Thom's Eternal Leadership With Conscience (ELC) Principle"[ACTION(Chi/Energy called Servels or Thomls--meaning "serving with love") + CONSCIENCE(Faith in God's Grace)= Eternal Leadership], and the "M/F/S Theory" (regarding people being motivated by Money, Fun, and Sex).
The Ming-Ai (London) Institute in London, England houses the Collection of all of Professor Dr. Thom's scholarly works, including his Critical Books, his Signature Books (including a Global Conscience Epiphany Series), and his Diary Novels , and multimedia productions and materials that cite his work. Also, many of his publications are on the shelves of the likes of the Library of Cambridge University in the United Kingdom and the Library of the University of the West Indies in Barbados. Finally, the Northern Studies Department of Lakehead University has a section that contains the majority of his works and the Lakehead University Archives Department holds working copies of some of his publications as well as family history materials and other items of interest, e.g., photos, copies of awards and certificates, correspondence etc. Professor Dr. Thom's Ming-Ai Collection also contains some family history materials.
Professor Dr. Thom's current learning interests are in understanding the brain and in psychiatry. His email address is douglas.thom@lakeheadu.ca. He has been married for over 30 years to his wife, Susan, and they reside in Thunder Bay with their British bull terrier, Pushie, and they have a daughter, Jade and a son, Wes.
Bibliography
* African Aid (2000)
*Educational Management and Leadership: Word ,Spirit, and Deed for a Just Society--includes the TELC model with the accompanying " Thom Theorem " (1993, later--selected chapters published by permission in Turkish)
* Educational Leadership With Christian Conscience: Focus on Understanding (1996)
* Educational Leadership With Conscience (1996)
* Hockey Participation as a Factor in the Secondary School Performance of Ontario Students: An Effects Study for Administrators (1978)
* Professor Doug Thom's African Millennium Box (2000)
* The Research and Development in Africa and China by Professor Douglas Thom's International Team (2002)
*THOM CRITICAL BOOKS: 1) The Leadership for Dignity of All: Thom's "Resolved Christianity (2000); 2) The World Leadership Opportunity: Resolved Christianity and One Education System [2001, 2002(in Chinese)]; 3) Knowledge and Christian Leadership for One World Education System [2002, 2003(in Chinese)]; 4) WHY?(an explanation of why we are here) (2002); 5) Discipled Educational Leadership Into the Future (2003); 6) How True Leadership Works: Mentored by the Holy Spirit (2003); 7) Eternal Educational Leadership (2003); 8) Envisioned Books on Good Leadership (2003)
*THOM DIARY NOVELS: 1) Gullible Null (2008); 2) The All and Nothing Truth of Global Educational Leadership (2008)
* Thom's Eternal Leadership With Conscience (ELC) Principle (2007)
*THOM SIGNATURE BOOKS: 1) The World Leadership Opportunity: Resolved Christianity and One Education System [2001, 2002(in Chinese)]; 2) Knowledge and Christian Leadership for One World Education System [2002, 2003(in Chinese)]; 3) Basic Life Sustenance Worldwide: A Plan for 2004 and Beyond (2003); 4) The Linguistic of Eternal Leadership (2007); 5) World Apart-World Together, Endlessly (2008)
*The Total Hockey Player: Brawn is not Enough (1981)
* What REALLY Motivates Many of Today's Workers: The M/F/S Theory for Administrators (1983)
Integrated D.J.Thom (a chronological listing of his favoured works)
* The Selection of New Graduate Students for an Educational Administration Program (1972)
* Hockey Participation as a Factor in the Secondary School Performance of Ontario Students: An Effects Study for Administrators (1978)
* School Administrators Discuss Students (1978)
* Administrating Without Ulcers: A Leadership Concept for These Times (1979)
* The Path Analysis Technique in Educational Research: Bridging the Theory-Empiricism Gap (1979)
* Revive Commitment in Education College (1979)
* The Hockey Player and Formal Education (1980)
* Questioning Bureaucracy: Beyond Weber, Argyris, and Bennis (1981)
*The Total Hockey Player: Brawn is not Enough (1981)
* What REALLY Motivates Many of Today's Workers: The M/F/S Theory for Administrators (1983)
* Educational Administration and the Real World: Or "Cakes and Ale" Education Style (1984)
* The Spiritual Factor in Educational Administration(to make great gains in our school systems) (1984)
* Hockey: Canada's Consuming Passion (1985)
* On Improving Society and Schools (1986)
* Perspectives on the Teaching of Educational Administration [1986,1987(update)]
* College Hockey: Today's Road to the Pros (1987)
* Leadership in Search of Meaning: Focus on Beliefs (1987)
* Sports as a Motivator in Student Learning (1988)
* Bureaucracy and Democracy in the Secondary School (1989)
* Education and Its Management: Science, Art, and Spirit (1989)
* Bureaucracy, Informal Systems, and School Leadership (1990)
*Educational Management and Leadership: Word ,Spirit, and Deed for a Just Society (1993, later--selected chapters published by permission in Turkish)
* Educational Leadership With Conscience (1996)
* Educational Leadership With Christian Conscience: Focus on Understanding (1996)
* Educational Leadership Worldwide: The Christian Conscience Factor (1996)
* Leadership in Organizations (1996)
*Leadership Worldwide: The Christian Conscience Factor (1996)
* Changes in Educational Administration Thinking (1999)
* African Aid (2000)
*The Leadership for Dignity of All: Thom's "Resolved Christianity (2000)
* Professor Doug Thom's African Millennium Box (2000)
* Education, Society, and Christianity: A Logical Perspective (2001)
*The World Leadership Opportunity: Resolved Christianity and One Education System [2001, 2002(in Chinese)]
* Character and Spirituality in Educational Leadership (2002)
* Ethics and Beyond in Educational Leadership: An Opportunity for Principals (2002)
*Knowledge and Christian Leadership for One World Education System [2002, 2003(in Chinese)]
*WHY?(an explanation of why we are here) (2002)
* The Research and Development in Africa and China by Professor Douglas Thom's International Team (2002)
*Basic Life Sustenance Worldwide: A Plan for 2004 and Beyond (2003)
*Discipled Educational Leadership Into the Future (2003)
*Education Leadership and Ethics in the 21st Century [2003(in both English and Chinese--translated by Professor Dr. Kwok Keung Ho)]
*Envisioned Books on Good Leadership (2003)
*Eternal Educational Leadership (2003)
*How True Leadership Works: Mentored by the Holy Spirit (2003)
* Education Reform in the Christian Way (2005)
* Leading Education in an Integrating World (2005)
* Global Leadership Toward Eradicating Temporal Mandibular Joint (TMJ)Dysfunction (2007)
*The Linguistic of Eternal Leadership (2007)
* Thom's Eternal Leadership With Conscience(ELC)Principle (2007)
* Gleanings for Epiphany (includes The All and Nothing Truth of Global Educational Leadership -- a non-fiction novel, Gullible Null -- an autobiographical interlude novel, and The Thom/Daniel Klassen Correspondence) (2008)
*Globalization and Education for a Bright Future (2008)
*World Apart-World Together, Endlessly (2008)
Portable Pure D.J.Thom (his most requested works,e.g.,reprints, translations)
* Administrating Without Ulcers: A Leadership Concept for These Times (1979)
*The Total Hockey Player: Brawn is not Enough (1981)
* Questioning Bureaucracy: Beyond Weber, Argyris, and Bennis (1981)
* What REALLY Motivates Many of Today's Workers: The M/F/S Theory for Administrators (1983)
* Educational Administration and the Real World: Or "Cakes and Ale" Education Style (1984)
* The Spiritual Factor in Educational Administration (to make great gains in our school systems) (1984)
*The World Leadership Opportunity: Resolved Christianity and One Education System (2001)
*Knowledge and Christian Leadership for One World Education System (2002)
*Education Leadership and Ethics in the 21st Century (2003, Professor Dr. Kwok Keung Ho, Editor)
*The Linguistic of Eternal Leadership (2007)
==Essential D.J. Thom ("cutting edge" items)==
*Educational Management and Leadership: Word ,Spirit, and Deed for a Just Society (1993)
*Education Leadership and Ethics in the 21st Century (2003)
* Leading Education in an Integrating World (2005)
* Thom's Eternal Leadership With Conscience (ELC) Principle (2007)
*The All and Nothing of Global Educational Leadership (2008)
*Globalization and Education for a Bright Future (2008)
He received his PhD from the University of Toronto in 1979, with an award-winning dissertation on ice hockey and formal education, and served as a professor at the University of Toronto, the University of Saskatchewan, and the University of Hong Kong internationally.
Before attending graduate school, he taught Grades 9-13 secondary school Mathematics while coaching the school's hockey and football teams. His achievements include elected president of elementary school, secondary school, professional teacher training College, and University education graduate school student associations, playing College football, the development of the University of Hong Kong Advanced Studies in Educational Management program, the formation of the Hong Kong affiliate of the Commonwealth Council for Educational Administration--HKCEA, an editorship for the Canadian Society for the Study of Education (CSSE), nomination for an international Commonwealth Council for Educational Administration (CCEA) award, a Schools For Christ (SFC) Foundation, China award in recognition of his contribution to Christian Education globally, a member of Rotary International, and Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (England), and presentations in Toronto, ON, Winnipeg, MAN, Victoria, BC, Charlottesville, VA, the Barbados, Hong Kong (keynote), Kuala Lumpur (keynote), and London, England. Further, he has had standing invitations to speak at Harvard and Cornell Universities in the United States. Professor Dr. Thom is an Honourary Associate of the University of New England (Australia). His concern is values, ethics, and beliefs and he is a unique, important, and dedicated international scholar, speaker, builder, and leader. Some of his notable students/advisees are Dr. Therese W. H. Shak, Professor Dr. Nancy Doetzel, Mrs. Janet Wilkinson, Dr. Elizabeth Chan, Reverend Dr. Grant Bell, and Professor Dr. Cheng Kai Ming. His key mentors include Professor Dr. William G. Walker (deceased, the global "patron saint" of Educational Administration), Professor Tom Watt, Johan (Joe) Vander Wees, Professor Dr. Ronald Jay Stewart, Professor Dr. Daniel Klassen, Dr. T. Jerome Harvey, Professor Dr. Kwok Keung Ho, Reverend Hans Shrenk, Professor Dr. Terry Deutscher, Professor Dr. Fentey Scott (deceased), Sheila Wilson, Professor Dr. Richard Ripple, Bruce Thom, Q.C., Professor Dr. Wilfred Wees (deceased), Allan Wing (deceased), and Professor Dr. James T. Angus.
Professor Dr.Thom has published some 120 items, including 25 books. Annually, he produces the Index for the prestigious book, Education Statutes and Regulations of Ontario (LexisNexis Group Worldwide/Butterworths).
Since 2000, he has been shipping needed educational and medical goods into Africa, China, and India and acting as advisor to Global Conscience Circle (GCC)/ Cercle de la Conscience Globale (CCG), the charitable international aid organization that he founded and that is an umbrella to some 24 aid efforts worldwide--across four GCC/CCG-identified zones: 1)the Americas:(a)North &(b)South; 2)EuroRussia; 3)IndoChina:(a)North &(b)South(IndoAustralia); and 4)Africa:(a)North &(b)South(lively website on www.facebook.com with respect to which Professor Dr. Thom contributes his ideas to the "Wall" on a regular basis.) He has relevant standing invitations to Africa, China, and India.
Also known for the TELC and TLCC models, with the accompanying "Thom Theorem"(Conscience drives behavior in mature individuals), as well as the "Thom's Eternal Leadership With Conscience (ELC) Principle"[ACTION(Chi/Energy called Servels or Thomls--meaning "serving with love") + CONSCIENCE(Faith in God's Grace)= Eternal Leadership], and the "M/F/S Theory" (regarding people being motivated by Money, Fun, and Sex).
The Ming-Ai (London) Institute in London, England houses the Collection of all of Professor Dr. Thom's scholarly works, including his Critical Books, his Signature Books (including a Global Conscience Epiphany Series), and his Diary Novels , and multimedia productions and materials that cite his work. Also, many of his publications are on the shelves of the likes of the Library of Cambridge University in the United Kingdom and the Library of the University of the West Indies in Barbados. Finally, the Northern Studies Department of Lakehead University has a section that contains the majority of his works and the Lakehead University Archives Department holds working copies of some of his publications as well as family history materials and other items of interest, e.g., photos, copies of awards and certificates, correspondence etc. Professor Dr. Thom's Ming-Ai Collection also contains some family history materials.
Professor Dr. Thom's current learning interests are in understanding the brain and in psychiatry. His email address is douglas.thom@lakeheadu.ca. He has been married for over 30 years to his wife, Susan, and they reside in Thunder Bay with their British bull terrier, Pushie, and they have a daughter, Jade and a son, Wes.
Bibliography
* African Aid (2000)
*Educational Management and Leadership: Word ,Spirit, and Deed for a Just Society--includes the TELC model with the accompanying " Thom Theorem " (1993, later--selected chapters published by permission in Turkish)
* Educational Leadership With Christian Conscience: Focus on Understanding (1996)
* Educational Leadership With Conscience (1996)
* Hockey Participation as a Factor in the Secondary School Performance of Ontario Students: An Effects Study for Administrators (1978)
* Professor Doug Thom's African Millennium Box (2000)
* The Research and Development in Africa and China by Professor Douglas Thom's International Team (2002)
*THOM CRITICAL BOOKS: 1) The Leadership for Dignity of All: Thom's "Resolved Christianity (2000); 2) The World Leadership Opportunity: Resolved Christianity and One Education System [2001, 2002(in Chinese)]; 3) Knowledge and Christian Leadership for One World Education System [2002, 2003(in Chinese)]; 4) WHY?(an explanation of why we are here) (2002); 5) Discipled Educational Leadership Into the Future (2003); 6) How True Leadership Works: Mentored by the Holy Spirit (2003); 7) Eternal Educational Leadership (2003); 8) Envisioned Books on Good Leadership (2003)
*THOM DIARY NOVELS: 1) Gullible Null (2008); 2) The All and Nothing Truth of Global Educational Leadership (2008)
* Thom's Eternal Leadership With Conscience (ELC) Principle (2007)
*THOM SIGNATURE BOOKS: 1) The World Leadership Opportunity: Resolved Christianity and One Education System [2001, 2002(in Chinese)]; 2) Knowledge and Christian Leadership for One World Education System [2002, 2003(in Chinese)]; 3) Basic Life Sustenance Worldwide: A Plan for 2004 and Beyond (2003); 4) The Linguistic of Eternal Leadership (2007); 5) World Apart-World Together, Endlessly (2008)
*The Total Hockey Player: Brawn is not Enough (1981)
* What REALLY Motivates Many of Today's Workers: The M/F/S Theory for Administrators (1983)
Integrated D.J.Thom (a chronological listing of his favoured works)
* The Selection of New Graduate Students for an Educational Administration Program (1972)
* Hockey Participation as a Factor in the Secondary School Performance of Ontario Students: An Effects Study for Administrators (1978)
* School Administrators Discuss Students (1978)
* Administrating Without Ulcers: A Leadership Concept for These Times (1979)
* The Path Analysis Technique in Educational Research: Bridging the Theory-Empiricism Gap (1979)
* Revive Commitment in Education College (1979)
* The Hockey Player and Formal Education (1980)
* Questioning Bureaucracy: Beyond Weber, Argyris, and Bennis (1981)
*The Total Hockey Player: Brawn is not Enough (1981)
* What REALLY Motivates Many of Today's Workers: The M/F/S Theory for Administrators (1983)
* Educational Administration and the Real World: Or "Cakes and Ale" Education Style (1984)
* The Spiritual Factor in Educational Administration(to make great gains in our school systems) (1984)
* Hockey: Canada's Consuming Passion (1985)
* On Improving Society and Schools (1986)
* Perspectives on the Teaching of Educational Administration [1986,1987(update)]
* College Hockey: Today's Road to the Pros (1987)
* Leadership in Search of Meaning: Focus on Beliefs (1987)
* Sports as a Motivator in Student Learning (1988)
* Bureaucracy and Democracy in the Secondary School (1989)
* Education and Its Management: Science, Art, and Spirit (1989)
* Bureaucracy, Informal Systems, and School Leadership (1990)
*Educational Management and Leadership: Word ,Spirit, and Deed for a Just Society (1993, later--selected chapters published by permission in Turkish)
* Educational Leadership With Conscience (1996)
* Educational Leadership With Christian Conscience: Focus on Understanding (1996)
* Educational Leadership Worldwide: The Christian Conscience Factor (1996)
* Leadership in Organizations (1996)
*Leadership Worldwide: The Christian Conscience Factor (1996)
* Changes in Educational Administration Thinking (1999)
* African Aid (2000)
*The Leadership for Dignity of All: Thom's "Resolved Christianity (2000)
* Professor Doug Thom's African Millennium Box (2000)
* Education, Society, and Christianity: A Logical Perspective (2001)
*The World Leadership Opportunity: Resolved Christianity and One Education System [2001, 2002(in Chinese)]
* Character and Spirituality in Educational Leadership (2002)
* Ethics and Beyond in Educational Leadership: An Opportunity for Principals (2002)
*Knowledge and Christian Leadership for One World Education System [2002, 2003(in Chinese)]
*WHY?(an explanation of why we are here) (2002)
* The Research and Development in Africa and China by Professor Douglas Thom's International Team (2002)
*Basic Life Sustenance Worldwide: A Plan for 2004 and Beyond (2003)
*Discipled Educational Leadership Into the Future (2003)
*Education Leadership and Ethics in the 21st Century [2003(in both English and Chinese--translated by Professor Dr. Kwok Keung Ho)]
*Envisioned Books on Good Leadership (2003)
*Eternal Educational Leadership (2003)
*How True Leadership Works: Mentored by the Holy Spirit (2003)
* Education Reform in the Christian Way (2005)
* Leading Education in an Integrating World (2005)
* Global Leadership Toward Eradicating Temporal Mandibular Joint (TMJ)Dysfunction (2007)
*The Linguistic of Eternal Leadership (2007)
* Thom's Eternal Leadership With Conscience(ELC)Principle (2007)
* Gleanings for Epiphany (includes The All and Nothing Truth of Global Educational Leadership -- a non-fiction novel, Gullible Null -- an autobiographical interlude novel, and The Thom/Daniel Klassen Correspondence) (2008)
*Globalization and Education for a Bright Future (2008)
*World Apart-World Together, Endlessly (2008)
Portable Pure D.J.Thom (his most requested works,e.g.,reprints, translations)
* Administrating Without Ulcers: A Leadership Concept for These Times (1979)
*The Total Hockey Player: Brawn is not Enough (1981)
* Questioning Bureaucracy: Beyond Weber, Argyris, and Bennis (1981)
* What REALLY Motivates Many of Today's Workers: The M/F/S Theory for Administrators (1983)
* Educational Administration and the Real World: Or "Cakes and Ale" Education Style (1984)
* The Spiritual Factor in Educational Administration (to make great gains in our school systems) (1984)
*The World Leadership Opportunity: Resolved Christianity and One Education System (2001)
*Knowledge and Christian Leadership for One World Education System (2002)
*Education Leadership and Ethics in the 21st Century (2003, Professor Dr. Kwok Keung Ho, Editor)
*The Linguistic of Eternal Leadership (2007)
==Essential D.J. Thom ("cutting edge" items)==
*Educational Management and Leadership: Word ,Spirit, and Deed for a Just Society (1993)
*Education Leadership and Ethics in the 21st Century (2003)
* Leading Education in an Integrating World (2005)
* Thom's Eternal Leadership With Conscience (ELC) Principle (2007)
*The All and Nothing of Global Educational Leadership (2008)
*Globalization and Education for a Bright Future (2008)
The MPAA estimated the global cost of the unauthorized copying of films in 2002 was $3.5 billion., in 2005 was $18.2 billion. Although not every download of a film directly represents one fewer movie ticket or DVD being purchased, in reality many people would prefer the free option over the paid option if the quality the two options are near identical. Whether the authors of the works are compensated is not the prioritized concern of people who download copyrighted works. It may be because of the Prisoner's dilemma effect where self-interest often prevails over the interest of others (in this case contain creators and authors). While popular works may more likely to be damaged in acts of copyright infringement, less known works such as independent and cult films, are more likely to benefit from the it because of the exposure it brings.
In general, there are a number of rationales used by some copyright infringement advocates to justify their actions. Those claims are often controversial as copyright advocates and many others generally find the validity of those claims questionable.
*Non-profit distribution does not affect legitimate sale Some copyright infringement advocates believe that if a work is published, apart from the legitimate copies that are available for purchase, others should also have right to distribute non-profit copies for free, such as using p2p file sharing. In short term this may seem beneficial to the general public because people could obtains and use published works free of charge. In long term, however, since most people would opt for the free copies instead of the paid copies (assuming the free and paid copies are near identical), authors are less likely to receive compensation for their efforts and consequently lose incentive to produce further works. Under this free distribution culture, high quality, professional works, particularly those require substantial investment of time and effort will be less likely to be produced and available to the society.
*As a form of boycott Copyright infringement is sometimes claimed as a form of "boycott". For example, selective copying of music published by major record labels can be used to protest the low percentage of total record sales that is paid back to artists.
*Unable to afford Some choose to download only those products which they would otherwise be unable to afford, reasoning that in so doing they do not damage any company's profits.
*Unavailability Many legal products are unavailable in parts of the world, as they are often too expensive for most of the local population to afford In much of the third world, even people who could normally afford to buy legitimate products can't do so, as unauthorised versions are the only versions available.
*Help authors to receive exposure The free spread of media stimulates the industry both by creating new authors and exposing new people to current authors.
*Authors/performers could receive compensation in performance, so publication should be free Copyright infringement advocates argue that, in music industry, musicians tend to make substantial profits from concerts, and royalties from sales of music publication is relatively low. So it is reasonable to assume that musicians would relinquish the profit from publication in exchange of exposure.
Copyright advocates point to an economic argument called the free rider problem to explain the moral downside to copyright infringement. This argument is usually used by economists to describe the disadvantage of collective action because even when use of a product has no cost to the companies associated with its production as theft does, it is claimed that the lack of financial contribution from the person infringing the copyright reduces the company's incentive to continue development.
Reference
In general, there are a number of rationales used by some copyright infringement advocates to justify their actions. Those claims are often controversial as copyright advocates and many others generally find the validity of those claims questionable.
*Non-profit distribution does not affect legitimate sale Some copyright infringement advocates believe that if a work is published, apart from the legitimate copies that are available for purchase, others should also have right to distribute non-profit copies for free, such as using p2p file sharing. In short term this may seem beneficial to the general public because people could obtains and use published works free of charge. In long term, however, since most people would opt for the free copies instead of the paid copies (assuming the free and paid copies are near identical), authors are less likely to receive compensation for their efforts and consequently lose incentive to produce further works. Under this free distribution culture, high quality, professional works, particularly those require substantial investment of time and effort will be less likely to be produced and available to the society.
*As a form of boycott Copyright infringement is sometimes claimed as a form of "boycott". For example, selective copying of music published by major record labels can be used to protest the low percentage of total record sales that is paid back to artists.
*Unable to afford Some choose to download only those products which they would otherwise be unable to afford, reasoning that in so doing they do not damage any company's profits.
*Unavailability Many legal products are unavailable in parts of the world, as they are often too expensive for most of the local population to afford In much of the third world, even people who could normally afford to buy legitimate products can't do so, as unauthorised versions are the only versions available.
*Help authors to receive exposure The free spread of media stimulates the industry both by creating new authors and exposing new people to current authors.
*Authors/performers could receive compensation in performance, so publication should be free Copyright infringement advocates argue that, in music industry, musicians tend to make substantial profits from concerts, and royalties from sales of music publication is relatively low. So it is reasonable to assume that musicians would relinquish the profit from publication in exchange of exposure.
Copyright advocates point to an economic argument called the free rider problem to explain the moral downside to copyright infringement. This argument is usually used by economists to describe the disadvantage of collective action because even when use of a product has no cost to the companies associated with its production as theft does, it is claimed that the lack of financial contribution from the person infringing the copyright reduces the company's incentive to continue development.
Reference
TxCARE, the Texas Coalition for Adoption Resources & Education™, (http://www.txcare.org) is a voluntary organization of adoption trade members (adoptees, birth parents, adoptive parents) and adoption professionals, who are concerned about adoption issues. Their mission is to promote an adoption system based on honesty and trust that protects the interests of the adoptee, birth family, and adoptive family, while placing the adoptee's interests first if there is a conflict.
TxCARE was formed in the early 1990s to help revise adoption laws to restore equal right for adoptees. They remain active in Texas toward this goal working with the legislature toward their goal.
TxCARE was formed in the early 1990s to help revise adoption laws to restore equal right for adoptees. They remain active in Texas toward this goal working with the legislature toward their goal.