The 2018 Liga 4 will be the 4th season of lower-tier and the inaugural season of the Liga 4 under its current league structure. Before 2018, this competition was named Liga Nusantara and Liga 3.
Blitar United were the defending champions.
The 2016 Southern Football League (SFL) premiership season was an Australian rules football competition staged across Southern Tasmania, Australia, over twenty one (21) roster rounds and six (6) finals series matches between 2 April and 24 September 2016.
The competition's major sponsors for the season were Subway and Telstra.
NuGEN Technologies, Inc. is a US based biotech company located in San Carlos, California, founded in 2000 by Nurith Kurn. NuGEN Technologies develops and manufactures molecular biology reagents for next-generation sequencing genomic analysis. The company is currently led by CEO Nitin Sood. NuGEN Technologies currently holds several U.S. patents including SPIA, AnyDeplete, DimerFree, and SPET.
Linear Amplification via Transposon Insertion (LIANTI) is a linear whole genome amplification (WGA) method. To analyze or sequence very small amount of DNA, i.e. genomic DNA from a single cell, the picograms of DNA is subject to WGA to amplify at least thousands of times into nanogram scale, before DNA analysis or sequencing can be carried out. Previous WGA methods (DOP-PCR, MDA, MALBAC) use exponential/nonlinear amplification schemes, leading to bias accumulation and error propagation. LIANTI achieved linear amplification of the whole genome for the first time, enabling more uniform and accurate amplification.
Shown in the figure is a simulation to illustrate the advantages of linear amplification over exponential amplification, assuming two DNA fragments A and B with replication yields of 100% and 70% per round, respectively. First, linear amplification is more even than exponential amplification. To achieve ~10,000 fold amplification of fragment A, exponential amplification results in a ratio of 8:1, hampering the accuracy of CNV detection. In contrast, linear amplification exhibits a ratio of 1:0.7, which is much closer to unity. Second, linear amplification is superior to exponential amplification in fidelity. In exponential amplification, errors generated in early cycles of amplification will be propagated permanently, leading to SNV false-positives. In contrast, in linear amplification, the errors would appear randomly at different locations in the amplicons to be easily filtered out.