The Arkbird is a giant superweapon from the Playstation 2 video game Ace Combat 5.
The Tongan economy was based upon the resources of the land and sea that abound in the tropical and sub-tropical parts of the Pacific ocean and were used by the Tonga. The sea yielded fish for food, shell for implements and ornamentations, and shark's teeth and skin for [...] and abrasive tools. The turtle provided meat, regarded as the food of chiefs, and shell for combs, rings, jewellery and fish-hooks. Whale teeth were used for religious purposes, and also furnished a valuable article of foreign exchange.
The land produced of itself a wide variety of plants and trees. Some agricultural products were cultivated: yams, bananas and plantains for food; and the paper mulberry and the pandanus for clothes and mat making. The coconut, a basic item of food and drink, also provided building materials such as nets, baskets, rope, cord, mats, fans and combs. Kava was cultivated for the use of the chiefs and for ceremonial purposes. Pigs and fowls, the only domesticated animals, were left to scavenge for food, and breed at will. Although the Tongans were excellent farmers, aided by a rich soil and favourable climate, famines were frequent. They were caused on occasions by unusually dry seasons, or by devastating hurricanes.
More often than not, however, shortages of food resulted from excessive consumption of food at 'Inasi ceremonies, weddings, funerals and voyages to the outer islands. At the marriage of the Tu'i Tonga, for example, food was stacked in heaps, sometimes fifteen or eighteen metres high. Some attempts were made to lessen the freqquency and severity of famine by declaring certain foods tapu following large-scale feasting. The tapu was also employed before some anticipated ceremony or festival to ensure that ample food for was available at the appointed time. There appears to have been some concern to over-produce in order to meet the demands of ceremonial and obligatory presentations of food, but only limited attempts were made to store food for lean times, the exception being the preservation of breadfruit in pits and the storage of yams in specially constructed shelters.
Wealth was determined by the amount of agricultural and marine produce and manufactures one could control or call upon. The chief's people, both enslaved and free, were one of his greatest assets in this regard, for they provided the work force which enabled him to exploit the resources of land and sea. Wealth was frequently redistributed at funerals and weddings where great quantities of produce and manufactures changed hands, leaving the chiefs most closely associated with the event considerably the wealthier. For the Tu'i Tonga and the Tu'i Kanokupolu, the 'Inasi ceremonies furnished considerable wealth, for the people at this time supplied these high chiefs, not only with the necessities of life but with the luxuries, the honours and the wealth of the islands.
For generations the Tongans made trading voyages to Fiji and Samoa in search of wooden bowls, fine mats, earthenware, war weapons and decorative red feathers. Much sought after was the sandalwood which served as a perfume in the coconut oil used by chiefs in anointing their bodies. In early years this valuable commodity was purchased with whale teeth, but with the arrival of Europeans with their iron tools the Fijians began to demand these new and valuable items in return for the much-prized wood. They also demanded axes and chisels and those too of the best quality. Large double sailing canoes were also sought by the Tongans. Chief Tu'i Halafatai, for example, discarded his own canoes for the better ones of the Fijian Island. Many Tongans in Fiji builded their own large double canoes such the huge boat at Lakeba have been constructed and on measuring it found it to be one hundred and two feet long, seven feet wide and five feet deep. This particular canoe was being paid for in both old and new currency: whale teeth and axes and guns.
Within the Tongan economy there existed a number of recognized trades and professions. Some of these involved the utilitarian skills of canoe building, net making, fishing and domestic and agricultural labour. Others were associated more with decorative and ornamentalskills such as club carving, whale ivory sculpting and tattooing. Still other occupations, as in the case of stone masons and funeral attendants, were connected with the death and burial of chiefs. Occupations were hedged about by class restrictions. Canoe builders, sculptors, funeral attendants, net makers and fishermen were always drawn from the mu'a and matapu'e classes. Barbers, cooks and agricultural workers were always tu'a. Other occupations, such as house builders, tattooists and club carvers could be followed by either tu'a or mu'a classes.
Who is a Filipino?
Aspects of Filipino Identity
Being a Filipino can be based on three aspects:
- Citizenship: the concept of Citizenship or Nationality to define who is Filipino has been one of the most accepted viewpoint in the country. According to this aspect, a Filipino is classified as such when he has attained Philippine citizenship by birth, naturalization, or election, regardless of ancestry.
- Racial: this is one of the hazy aspects of being a Filipino. In this viewpoint, any person who has at least one Filipino ancestor can be classified as a Filipino. Hence, according to this aspect, a Filipino is classified as such when he has at least one ancestor who is or was a Filipino, or was a native of the Philippines.
- Affectional: one of the least accepted views concerning the Filipino identity, but propagated by Philippine Psychology, this view assumes that a Filipino is defined not by citizenship or ancestry, but by the cultural and emotional ties that he shares with his Filipino neighbors.
Creation
High Bridge Film Festival debuted in May 2005 as the brainchild of Asbury College Media Communications department faculty; Greg Bandy, Jeff Day and Jim Owens. Taking its cue from the enormous flood of creative talent from students, and the relative ease and cost-effectiveness of digital filmmaking, the faculty created the festival as a showcase for student talent and to provide a creative outlet for developing better storytellers.
History
High Bridge Film Festival was formerly known as the Asbury College Film Fest when it debuted in 2005. The festival featured about 12 student films, the debut of "Stolen Moments", a film screened based on its creation by Asbury College, and a special showing of the Academy Award short nominee, "Most." It was renamed to emphasize its desired scope which is bigger than the college itself although it is the college that hosts the festival. High Bridge is the name of a nearby community and a large cantilever bridge. All entries are welcome provided they meet the entry criteria.
Awards
Like other festivals there are awards given out for exceptional quality and/or novelty. A single film may also receive awards in many categories. The categories include Best Screenplay, Best Soundtrack, Best Editing, Best Acting, and others.