James L. Erwin (1974-) is an American historian and author. He is the author of the website Footnotes to History, which provides a listing of secessionist states, micronations, and other ephemeral political entities, and was chosen by PC Magazine as one of their Top Ten Undiscovered Websites for Education in 2003.
Erwin wrote the book Declarations of Independence: Encyclopedia of American Autonomous and Secessionist Movements, which was published by Greenwood Press in 2006. A new work, tentatively titled The Encyclopedia of U.S. Military Actions, is forthcoming from Facts on File in 2010.
Several of his works have been published by McSweeney's on their website, McSweeney's Internet Tendency. His work appeared in the McSweeney's anthology Mountain Man Dance Moves. He is also a contributor to 12 other works of reference and non-fiction and an alumnus of Iowa City's No Shame Theatre.
Jeopardy appearance
Erwin appeared as a contestant on on June 23, 2009. He won two games before losing on June 25, 2009. With his third-place winnings from June 25, he won a total of $23,598.
Erwin wrote the book Declarations of Independence: Encyclopedia of American Autonomous and Secessionist Movements, which was published by Greenwood Press in 2006. A new work, tentatively titled The Encyclopedia of U.S. Military Actions, is forthcoming from Facts on File in 2010.
Several of his works have been published by McSweeney's on their website, McSweeney's Internet Tendency. His work appeared in the McSweeney's anthology Mountain Man Dance Moves. He is also a contributor to 12 other works of reference and non-fiction and an alumnus of Iowa City's No Shame Theatre.
Jeopardy appearance
Erwin appeared as a contestant on on June 23, 2009. He won two games before losing on June 25, 2009. With his third-place winnings from June 25, he won a total of $23,598.
Avaz Shoyusupov (d. ) was a citizen of Kazakhstan who is reported to have blown himself up in the lobby of the Prosecutor's Office in Tashkent Uzbekistan as part of the operations of a terrorist group.
Five individuals were injured in his July 30 2004 suicide bombing.
Two other citizens of Kazakstan exploded suicide bombs in Tashkent that day:
Dulat Iskakov, outside the U.S. Embassy; and Mavlon Valiev, outside the Israeli Embassy.
Security officials from Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan make different assertions of which group was responsible for his attack, and other bombings that year.<ref name=RadioFreeEurope2004-11-15/>
The Uzbekistan Prosecution office was then prosecuting Furkat Yusupov and 14 other individuals apprehended following terrorist bombings in late March 2004 at the time Shoyusupov set off his bomb in the Prosecution's office.<ref name=TheAgonist2004-08-20/>
Those trials were subsequently delayed several weeks, and concluded on August 24 2004.
Shoyusupov also apprehended following the March 2004 attacks, but was set free.<ref name=TheAgonist2004-08-20/>
Five individuals were injured in his July 30 2004 suicide bombing.
Two other citizens of Kazakstan exploded suicide bombs in Tashkent that day:
Dulat Iskakov, outside the U.S. Embassy; and Mavlon Valiev, outside the Israeli Embassy.
Security officials from Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan make different assertions of which group was responsible for his attack, and other bombings that year.<ref name=RadioFreeEurope2004-11-15/>
The Uzbekistan Prosecution office was then prosecuting Furkat Yusupov and 14 other individuals apprehended following terrorist bombings in late March 2004 at the time Shoyusupov set off his bomb in the Prosecution's office.<ref name=TheAgonist2004-08-20/>
Those trials were subsequently delayed several weeks, and concluded on August 24 2004.
Shoyusupov also apprehended following the March 2004 attacks, but was set free.<ref name=TheAgonist2004-08-20/>
Victoria University Rowing Club is currently located in Wellington, New Zealand and based from the Wellington Rowing Club. The club was reestablished in 1998 and now attends the New Zealand University Games with one of the largest rowing teams.
History
Victoria College Rowing Club became affiliated with the Wellington Rowing Association in 1935. Before this, students from the University rowed for local Wellington clubs, such as Star Boating Club and Wellington Rowing Club. Although university members rowed out of the Star Boating Club, they were required to form their own club in order to compete at the University Summer Tournament. The club most likely changed its name to Victoria University Rowing Club in 1961, following the dissolution of the University of New Zealand. Crews rowing as Victoria University won the Hebberly Shield in 1928, then again in 1929, 1931, 1937, 1938, 1967 and 1968.
The club had dwindled to a handful of members by the early 1990s but was revived in the mid 1990s by a few dedicated members. The club switched its base from Star Boating Club to Wellington Rowing Club in 2000.
National Representatives
2007 NZ Universities Heavyweight Men's 8+ James Ashley
2007 NZ Universities Lightweight Men's 4- Kevin Simpson
2005 NZ Universities Lightweight Men's 4- Kevin Simpson
2005 NZ Universities Lightweight Women's 4x- Georgia Halley
2003 NZ Universities Heavyweight Men's 8+ Peter Taylor, Ben Dunsheath
2003 NZ Universities Lightweight Men's 4- Mike Grace
2002 NZ Universities Heavyweight Men's 8+ Ben Ashby
2002 NZ Universities Lightweight Men's 4- Peter Taylor
2002 NZ Universities Lightweight Women's 4x- Kirsty Ferguson
2002 NZ Universities Heavyweight Women's 8+ Kerstin Burridge
2001 NZ Universities Lightweight Men's 8+ Graham Maltby
2001 NZ Universities Lightweight Women's 4x- Kirsty Ferguson, Caroline Hodge
2000 NZ Universities Heavyweight Men's 8+ Rees Ward
2000 NZ Universities Lightweight Women's 4x- Kirsty Ferguson
1999 NZ Universities Heavyweight Men's 8+ Hunter Tretheway
1999 NZ Universities Heavyweight Women's 8+ Marianne Lupton, Sarah Nyberg
1998 NZ Universities Heavyweight Men's 8+ Mike Preston, Rees Ward
1998 NZ Universities Heavyweight Women's 8+ Sarah Nyberg
1972 NZ Olympic Men's 8+ Richard Joyce
1968 NZ Olympic Men's 4+ Richard Joyce
NZU Blues Recipients
1927 Mr F H Mullins, Mr J F Platts-Mills
1928 Mr F M Bell, Mr K F Crease, Mr F H Mullins, Mr S G Rees, Mr G Thomas
1930 Mr F M Bell, Mr D F Gane, Mr W J Kemp
1931 Mr D F Gane, Mr W J Kemp
1932 Mr F M Bell, Mr W J Kemp
1935 Mr J F Eggers
1936 Mr G B Gibbons
1937 Mr F G Bowling, Mr G C Broad, Mr J B Bullock, Mr A R Burge, Mr R P Hansen
1938 Mr G C Broad, Mr J B Bullock, Mr A R Burge, Mr R P Hansen, Mr F D Stafford
1939 Mr J B Bullock, Mr R P Hansen
1940 Mr R G Bannister
1941 Mr I L Moore
1945 Mr Enoka McDonald
1947 Mr K G Honore
1948 Mr J W Wilson
1950 Mr D B Horsley, Mr W S Taylor
1952 Mr R O Weenink
1954 Mr R Stenick
1957 Mr Mike L Winter
1958 Mr Frank P Crotty, Mr Peter Preston-Thomas, Mr Mike L Winter
1960 Mr Mike L Winter
1963 Mr Paul Crichton
1966 Mr John G Gibbons, Mr T Gibson
1967 Mr John G Gibbons, Mr Richard Joyce, Mr Peter W Wear
1968 Mr John G Gibbons, Mr Ollie R Gilbert
1969 Mr Ollie R Gilbert
Victoria University Blues Recipients
1999 Mr Mike Preston
2001 Mr Rees Ward
2003 Mr Michael Grace, Mr Peter Taylor
Hebberley Shield Winning Crews
The Hebberley Shield is contested by Championship Men's Eights at the University Games, over a distance of 3.2Km since 1928. As of 2006 Canterbury University has won 28 times and Otago University 19 times.
1968 O. Gilbert (stroke), J. Gibbons, R. Trott, C. Gamble, B. Sharp, T. Castle, C. Gilbert, J. Welsh
1967 Richard Joyce (stroke), P. G. MacCauley, P. W. Wear, J. G. Gibbons, O. R. Gilbert, R. G. Trott, J. R. Pope, B. J. Brown, B.A.Jones (cox/coach)
1938 G. C. Broad (stroke), R. P. Hansen, N. M. Rose, J. B. Bullock, R. E. Hermans, T. S. Mahood, G. T. Ryan, A. R. Bridge, F. D. Stafford (cox)
1937 K. W. Barnes (stroke), F. G. Bowling, R. P. Hansen, J. B. Bullock, N. M. Rose, R. J. McElroy, G. C. Broad, A. R. Burge, F. Stafford (cox), E. J. Barnes (coach)
1931 Crew not engraved
1929 Crew not engraved
1928 F. H. Mullins (stroke), K. F. Crease, F. M. Bell, A. Taylor, C. Steele, S. G. Rees, G. Thomas, R. Moffat, T. Kearns (cox), E. Diehl (coach)
Tamaki Cup Winning Crews
The Tamaki Cup is contested by Championship Women's Eights at the University Games, over a distance of 3.2Km since 1956. As of 2006 Otago University has won 13 times, Auckland University 8 times and Canterbury University 6 times. VURC won the Cup in 1960, but the crew are not engraved.
Distinguished Members
* Richard Joyce (Hebberley Shield winner 1967 and 1968, Double Olympic Champion 1968 Summer Olympics and 1972 Summer Olympics)
History
Victoria College Rowing Club became affiliated with the Wellington Rowing Association in 1935. Before this, students from the University rowed for local Wellington clubs, such as Star Boating Club and Wellington Rowing Club. Although university members rowed out of the Star Boating Club, they were required to form their own club in order to compete at the University Summer Tournament. The club most likely changed its name to Victoria University Rowing Club in 1961, following the dissolution of the University of New Zealand. Crews rowing as Victoria University won the Hebberly Shield in 1928, then again in 1929, 1931, 1937, 1938, 1967 and 1968.
The club had dwindled to a handful of members by the early 1990s but was revived in the mid 1990s by a few dedicated members. The club switched its base from Star Boating Club to Wellington Rowing Club in 2000.
National Representatives
2007 NZ Universities Heavyweight Men's 8+ James Ashley
2007 NZ Universities Lightweight Men's 4- Kevin Simpson
2005 NZ Universities Lightweight Men's 4- Kevin Simpson
2005 NZ Universities Lightweight Women's 4x- Georgia Halley
2003 NZ Universities Heavyweight Men's 8+ Peter Taylor, Ben Dunsheath
2003 NZ Universities Lightweight Men's 4- Mike Grace
2002 NZ Universities Heavyweight Men's 8+ Ben Ashby
2002 NZ Universities Lightweight Men's 4- Peter Taylor
2002 NZ Universities Lightweight Women's 4x- Kirsty Ferguson
2002 NZ Universities Heavyweight Women's 8+ Kerstin Burridge
2001 NZ Universities Lightweight Men's 8+ Graham Maltby
2001 NZ Universities Lightweight Women's 4x- Kirsty Ferguson, Caroline Hodge
2000 NZ Universities Heavyweight Men's 8+ Rees Ward
2000 NZ Universities Lightweight Women's 4x- Kirsty Ferguson
1999 NZ Universities Heavyweight Men's 8+ Hunter Tretheway
1999 NZ Universities Heavyweight Women's 8+ Marianne Lupton, Sarah Nyberg
1998 NZ Universities Heavyweight Men's 8+ Mike Preston, Rees Ward
1998 NZ Universities Heavyweight Women's 8+ Sarah Nyberg
1972 NZ Olympic Men's 8+ Richard Joyce
1968 NZ Olympic Men's 4+ Richard Joyce
NZU Blues Recipients
1927 Mr F H Mullins, Mr J F Platts-Mills
1928 Mr F M Bell, Mr K F Crease, Mr F H Mullins, Mr S G Rees, Mr G Thomas
1930 Mr F M Bell, Mr D F Gane, Mr W J Kemp
1931 Mr D F Gane, Mr W J Kemp
1932 Mr F M Bell, Mr W J Kemp
1935 Mr J F Eggers
1936 Mr G B Gibbons
1937 Mr F G Bowling, Mr G C Broad, Mr J B Bullock, Mr A R Burge, Mr R P Hansen
1938 Mr G C Broad, Mr J B Bullock, Mr A R Burge, Mr R P Hansen, Mr F D Stafford
1939 Mr J B Bullock, Mr R P Hansen
1940 Mr R G Bannister
1941 Mr I L Moore
1945 Mr Enoka McDonald
1947 Mr K G Honore
1948 Mr J W Wilson
1950 Mr D B Horsley, Mr W S Taylor
1952 Mr R O Weenink
1954 Mr R Stenick
1957 Mr Mike L Winter
1958 Mr Frank P Crotty, Mr Peter Preston-Thomas, Mr Mike L Winter
1960 Mr Mike L Winter
1963 Mr Paul Crichton
1966 Mr John G Gibbons, Mr T Gibson
1967 Mr John G Gibbons, Mr Richard Joyce, Mr Peter W Wear
1968 Mr John G Gibbons, Mr Ollie R Gilbert
1969 Mr Ollie R Gilbert
Victoria University Blues Recipients
1999 Mr Mike Preston
2001 Mr Rees Ward
2003 Mr Michael Grace, Mr Peter Taylor
Hebberley Shield Winning Crews
The Hebberley Shield is contested by Championship Men's Eights at the University Games, over a distance of 3.2Km since 1928. As of 2006 Canterbury University has won 28 times and Otago University 19 times.
1968 O. Gilbert (stroke), J. Gibbons, R. Trott, C. Gamble, B. Sharp, T. Castle, C. Gilbert, J. Welsh
1967 Richard Joyce (stroke), P. G. MacCauley, P. W. Wear, J. G. Gibbons, O. R. Gilbert, R. G. Trott, J. R. Pope, B. J. Brown, B.A.Jones (cox/coach)
1938 G. C. Broad (stroke), R. P. Hansen, N. M. Rose, J. B. Bullock, R. E. Hermans, T. S. Mahood, G. T. Ryan, A. R. Bridge, F. D. Stafford (cox)
1937 K. W. Barnes (stroke), F. G. Bowling, R. P. Hansen, J. B. Bullock, N. M. Rose, R. J. McElroy, G. C. Broad, A. R. Burge, F. Stafford (cox), E. J. Barnes (coach)
1931 Crew not engraved
1929 Crew not engraved
1928 F. H. Mullins (stroke), K. F. Crease, F. M. Bell, A. Taylor, C. Steele, S. G. Rees, G. Thomas, R. Moffat, T. Kearns (cox), E. Diehl (coach)
Tamaki Cup Winning Crews
The Tamaki Cup is contested by Championship Women's Eights at the University Games, over a distance of 3.2Km since 1956. As of 2006 Otago University has won 13 times, Auckland University 8 times and Canterbury University 6 times. VURC won the Cup in 1960, but the crew are not engraved.
Distinguished Members
* Richard Joyce (Hebberley Shield winner 1967 and 1968, Double Olympic Champion 1968 Summer Olympics and 1972 Summer Olympics)
Systementalism refers to a non-theological/non-religious concept that the meaning of life can be simplified to the ensured survival of the human species. The term itself can be defined as "the mental awareness (of the natural evolutionary system that operates everything in existence) necessary to ensure human survival." While it can be easily confused as a religion, the concept of systementalism functions without the necessity of a supreme being or god while still giving ultimate value to the human species as a unit. The concept operates in a similar sense to Existentialism and Buddhism, in a philosophical way, one that permits humans to live freely without the constraints of a supreme being. However, systementalism is different in that it uses probabilities and scientific data to explain the nature of everything in the universe, explaining how and why it works and what purpose the humans have in the "big picture," in the most plausible way possible.
There is no published material as of yet that elaborates on the concept of systementalism as it is in it's early stages of development, although some information is expected to emerge in late 2010 or early 2011. In March 2010 a group of anonymous writers and theologists in the United States began researching and collecting information surrounding various religions and philosophies, while gathering scientific data to construct an idea of "the meaning of life." One of the anonymous writers involved in the development commented on the necessity of the concept, saying, "It's a question people have been asking for the course of their existence. They have never bothered to try and plausibly or selflessly answer due to constraints inflicted from religions, which are simply failed explanations, and other cultural prohibitions of free will, such as rules that provoke opposition. The mental awareness that IS systementalism is the most effective means possible to keep the human species alive. It's a natural human instinct to protect successors, but that's not possible when almost every (flawed) explanation out there gives humans the mentality that there will be an unavoidable end to their existence."
There is no published material as of yet that elaborates on the concept of systementalism as it is in it's early stages of development, although some information is expected to emerge in late 2010 or early 2011. In March 2010 a group of anonymous writers and theologists in the United States began researching and collecting information surrounding various religions and philosophies, while gathering scientific data to construct an idea of "the meaning of life." One of the anonymous writers involved in the development commented on the necessity of the concept, saying, "It's a question people have been asking for the course of their existence. They have never bothered to try and plausibly or selflessly answer due to constraints inflicted from religions, which are simply failed explanations, and other cultural prohibitions of free will, such as rules that provoke opposition. The mental awareness that IS systementalism is the most effective means possible to keep the human species alive. It's a natural human instinct to protect successors, but that's not possible when almost every (flawed) explanation out there gives humans the mentality that there will be an unavoidable end to their existence."