Sardar Ibrahim Khan Mungrani: Famous Chief of Abro Tribe who got Shahadat in the War with Nadir Shah of Iran (1739) his tomb situated near the city of Bhag as "Dargah Brhim Khan".
Sardar Haider Khan Mungrani: He was the only Chief Sardar of Balochistan who denied the title from the Britishers. It has had been the practice of the Chieftains to seek title from the invaders. Through which they exploited and slaved the people of the land at the mercy and will of the aliens. But he took a stand not to receive a title and put his people under the foreign Yoke maitioned by Charles Napier in his biography.
Sardar Nawab Khan Mungarni: (1885AD - 1935AD) He was ideologically like his elders (anti establishment) but non political.However He had very and cardial personal relations with "Maulana Ubaidullah Sindhi", "Mahatama Gandhi","Maulana Mohd. Ali Johar", "Mirza Qaleech Baig". He was sent to Andaman Island Kalapani in 1931 - 1933.
Sardar Ayub Khan Mungrani: (1905AD - 1984AD) He was recognised by the Tribal Chiefs as the "Custodian of the Jirgas".
Arbab Khan Mungrani: (1922AD - 1985AD)He is known as one of the pioneers of mechanised agriculture in Upper Sindh and Baluchistan.
Sardar Nadir ALi Khan Mungrani: He was a very kind person he was the Chief Of Abro Tribe from Sindh to Balochistan..
Sardar Babar Ali Khan Mungrani:he is now Chief of Abro Tribe he is son of SArdar Nadir Ali khan Mungrani and grandson of Sardar Ayoub Khan Mungrani
Sardar Haider Khan Mungrani: He was the only Chief Sardar of Balochistan who denied the title from the Britishers. It has had been the practice of the Chieftains to seek title from the invaders. Through which they exploited and slaved the people of the land at the mercy and will of the aliens. But he took a stand not to receive a title and put his people under the foreign Yoke maitioned by Charles Napier in his biography.
Sardar Nawab Khan Mungarni: (1885AD - 1935AD) He was ideologically like his elders (anti establishment) but non political.However He had very and cardial personal relations with "Maulana Ubaidullah Sindhi", "Mahatama Gandhi","Maulana Mohd. Ali Johar", "Mirza Qaleech Baig". He was sent to Andaman Island Kalapani in 1931 - 1933.
Sardar Ayub Khan Mungrani: (1905AD - 1984AD) He was recognised by the Tribal Chiefs as the "Custodian of the Jirgas".
Arbab Khan Mungrani: (1922AD - 1985AD)He is known as one of the pioneers of mechanised agriculture in Upper Sindh and Baluchistan.
Sardar Nadir ALi Khan Mungrani: He was a very kind person he was the Chief Of Abro Tribe from Sindh to Balochistan..
Sardar Babar Ali Khan Mungrani:he is now Chief of Abro Tribe he is son of SArdar Nadir Ali khan Mungrani and grandson of Sardar Ayoub Khan Mungrani
Social exclusion in Canada refers to the multidimensional acts that form social detachment and oppresses individuals and groups to lose participation from mainstream normative rights. Examples include the use of immigration policies to prefer Anglo-Saxons and limit the entries of Asians, and the justification of racial alienation of Japanese-Canadians through World War II propaganda. Canada’s immigration policies have historically constituted a social practice of exclusion that privileges the hegemonic project of one social identity over that of another, namely the capitalist state over other social relations in society. The deprivation of basic civil rights of minority groups will cause affected individuals unable to actively contribute to society, leading to low socioeconomic statuses and other social inequalities. The Canadian federal government transformed sparsely populated locations including underdeveloped regions and ghost towns into incarceration camps to remove Japanese-Canadians from the coast, and therefore urban settlements and business districts. Communication devices, such as radios and cameras, and travel vehicles were expropriated by the government with the establishment of transportation and communication limitation policies. In 1988, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney provided an official apology and financially compensated surviving Japanese-Canadians who survived wartime exclusion camps.
Chinese Immigration Law
Following the establishment of the head tax, the 1910 Immigration Act was established, containing policies that restricted specific individuals to enter the country based on their racial background. Anglo-Saxon farmers were particularly favoured by the federal government, where “non-preferred” Asian and Eastern European workers were strictly selected: the combination of the Immigration Act and numerous regulations constituted a social practice of exclusion that produced a hierarchy of preferred and nonpreferred source countries of immigrants to Canada.
Post-war immigrant exclusion
The legal exclusive acts were eventually abolished after the end of World War II. The Chinese waited until 1967 to have the same immigration criteria as other racial groups.
Inequality between Aboriginal people and other Canadians
The aboriginal people has experienced multiple changing legal laws and policies throughout their demographic change. Their improvements in health, income, and education have increased starting from the 1980s. However, when compared to the changes experienced by other Canadian populations, aboriginal people still experience a gap in terms of social and economic statuses.
During the 2000s, the overall income for First Nations remained almost constant, whereas the average income for other Canadians experienced significant rises. Similarly, a larger gap exists between the two populations in terms of university education. These patterns suggesting that inequality between Aboriginals and other populations are worsening evokes “important questions about the policies that might prevent the social, economic, and sometimes physical exclusion of Aboriginal peoples from continuing.”
Chinese Immigration Law
Following the establishment of the head tax, the 1910 Immigration Act was established, containing policies that restricted specific individuals to enter the country based on their racial background. Anglo-Saxon farmers were particularly favoured by the federal government, where “non-preferred” Asian and Eastern European workers were strictly selected: the combination of the Immigration Act and numerous regulations constituted a social practice of exclusion that produced a hierarchy of preferred and nonpreferred source countries of immigrants to Canada.
Post-war immigrant exclusion
The legal exclusive acts were eventually abolished after the end of World War II. The Chinese waited until 1967 to have the same immigration criteria as other racial groups.
Inequality between Aboriginal people and other Canadians
The aboriginal people has experienced multiple changing legal laws and policies throughout their demographic change. Their improvements in health, income, and education have increased starting from the 1980s. However, when compared to the changes experienced by other Canadian populations, aboriginal people still experience a gap in terms of social and economic statuses.
During the 2000s, the overall income for First Nations remained almost constant, whereas the average income for other Canadians experienced significant rises. Similarly, a larger gap exists between the two populations in terms of university education. These patterns suggesting that inequality between Aboriginals and other populations are worsening evokes “important questions about the policies that might prevent the social, economic, and sometimes physical exclusion of Aboriginal peoples from continuing.”
Yaesu FT-990 is a model line of amateur radio transceiver manufactured by the Yaesu Corporation in Japan from It is a descendant of and shares many features with the Yaesu FT-1000. An expedition in 2009 by radio amateurs to the Glorioso Islands, in the Indian Ocean near Madagascar, made use of two FT-990's despite each radio being more than ten years old.
Description
FT-990's have knobs and buttons, versus menu driven interfaces of some newer transceivers. The Yaesu FT-990 is a solid state transceiver with the following features:
General
* General coverage receiver, tunes continuously from 100 kHz to 30 MHz
* Modes: AM, USB, LSB, CW, FM, FSK
* Controlled internally by six microprocessors
* Modular construction using removable epoxy boards
* Built-in switching AC power supply (115 V @ 8A or 230 V @ 4A)
* 90 memories, each one remembers frequency, mode and bandwidth
* Iambic CW keyer
* Multi-function illuminated analog S-meter
* Computer Aided Transceiver (CAT) allows computer control via a serial cable with a DIN jack
* Notch filter, IF shift, noise blanker, and a digitally switched capacity audio filter
* Independent receiver incremental tuning ("RIT") and transmitter incremental tuning ("XIT")
* Two independent VFOs to support split operation
Transmitter
* Supported amateur bands (meters): 160, 80, 40, 30, 20, 17, 15, 12, and 10
* 100 Watts, adjustable from 10W to 100W; up to 25W in AM mode
* RF Speech Processor
* Automatic antenna tuner
Receiver
Triple-conversion superheterodyne with IF frequencies of 47.21 MHz, 10.94 MHz and 455 kHz
Sensitivity
* SSB and CW: < 0.25 μV (1.8 - 30 MHz)
* AM: < 1 μV (1.8 - 30 MHz)
Selectivity (-6 dB down)
* No button selected: 6.0 kHz
* 2.4 kHz button: 2.2 kHz (all modes except FM)
* 2.0 kHz button: 1.8 kHz (all modes except AM and FM)
* 500 Hz button: 500 Hz (CW, RTTY, Packet)
* 250 Hz button: 240 Hz (CW, RTTY)
Note: the 250 Hz CW bandwidth and the 2.0 kHz SSB bandwidth require installation of optional 8-pole crystal filters.
Pricing
When new in 1991, the FT-990 had an MSRP list price of $2399.
Model Variations
ROM Versions. Earlier models have non-volatile ROM memory installed with software version 1.2, while later models have version 1.3. The software cannot be upgraded by the user and requires a new ROM chip. The chips have been discontinued by Yaesu and are not available.
*TRX Manager (http://trx-manager.com/) and DxLab (http://www.dxlabsuite.com/) supports the Rom Version 1.2.
DC Version. FT-990's were made in an "AC version" (with power supply) and a "DC version" (no power supply).
Description
FT-990's have knobs and buttons, versus menu driven interfaces of some newer transceivers. The Yaesu FT-990 is a solid state transceiver with the following features:
General
* General coverage receiver, tunes continuously from 100 kHz to 30 MHz
* Modes: AM, USB, LSB, CW, FM, FSK
* Controlled internally by six microprocessors
* Modular construction using removable epoxy boards
* Built-in switching AC power supply (115 V @ 8A or 230 V @ 4A)
* 90 memories, each one remembers frequency, mode and bandwidth
* Iambic CW keyer
* Multi-function illuminated analog S-meter
* Computer Aided Transceiver (CAT) allows computer control via a serial cable with a DIN jack
* Notch filter, IF shift, noise blanker, and a digitally switched capacity audio filter
* Independent receiver incremental tuning ("RIT") and transmitter incremental tuning ("XIT")
* Two independent VFOs to support split operation
Transmitter
* Supported amateur bands (meters): 160, 80, 40, 30, 20, 17, 15, 12, and 10
* 100 Watts, adjustable from 10W to 100W; up to 25W in AM mode
* RF Speech Processor
* Automatic antenna tuner
Receiver
Triple-conversion superheterodyne with IF frequencies of 47.21 MHz, 10.94 MHz and 455 kHz
Sensitivity
* SSB and CW: < 0.25 μV (1.8 - 30 MHz)
* AM: < 1 μV (1.8 - 30 MHz)
Selectivity (-6 dB down)
* No button selected: 6.0 kHz
* 2.4 kHz button: 2.2 kHz (all modes except FM)
* 2.0 kHz button: 1.8 kHz (all modes except AM and FM)
* 500 Hz button: 500 Hz (CW, RTTY, Packet)
* 250 Hz button: 240 Hz (CW, RTTY)
Note: the 250 Hz CW bandwidth and the 2.0 kHz SSB bandwidth require installation of optional 8-pole crystal filters.
Pricing
When new in 1991, the FT-990 had an MSRP list price of $2399.
Model Variations
ROM Versions. Earlier models have non-volatile ROM memory installed with software version 1.2, while later models have version 1.3. The software cannot be upgraded by the user and requires a new ROM chip. The chips have been discontinued by Yaesu and are not available.
*TRX Manager (http://trx-manager.com/) and DxLab (http://www.dxlabsuite.com/) supports the Rom Version 1.2.
DC Version. FT-990's were made in an "AC version" (with power supply) and a "DC version" (no power supply).
Murela (also called Tomar, Tanwars, Rajput and Rathore) is a clan that had members who once ruled parts of North India at different times. People belonging to the Murela clan are found among the Rajputs of northern India.
The Rajput population and the former Rajput states are found spread through much of the subcontinent, particularly in north, west and central India. During the 9th-12th century, the Murela of Delhi ruled parts of the present-day populations that are found in Rajasthan, Saurashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Jammu, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, and Bihar.
The Rajput population and the former Rajput states are found spread through much of the subcontinent, particularly in north, west and central India. During the 9th-12th century, the Murela of Delhi ruled parts of the present-day populations that are found in Rajasthan, Saurashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Jammu, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, and Bihar.