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Yongtoogi (courageous fighting skill) is a full round semi-contact sparring program developed by the World Hwa Rang Do Association first introduced in 2012. Prior to it's induction, the sparring programs with Hwa Rang Do involved a point sparring program similar to Karate and Taekwondo, but with throws and take-downs. Today, Yongtoogi is the standard sparring program for all Hwa Rang Do practitioners.
Equipment
Yongtoogi armor consist of leather and synthetic chest armor, shin insteps, fingered gloves, and head gear with a plastic shield to cover the face. Target zones include head (including the face), body, and legs. All equipment is acquired through the World Hwa Rang Do Association.
Competition
Sparring rounds are 5 minutes long and consist of hand-boxing, kickboxing, throws, and ground submissions with an emphasis on “quick submissions”, as competitors have 5 seconds to execute a submission after a take-down is completed. If they are unable to do so, the judge calls for a break in the match and the competitors return to their start positions to continue the match. Practitioners are scored on their striking, take-downs, and fighting spirit. The function of the sparring rules is to condition fighters to master Hwa Rang Do’s self-defense formula of defend, take-down and quick submissions in a full application environment.

The Aerospace and Defence Industries Association of Europe - Standardization (ASD STAN), is an association which establishes, develops and maintains standards on behalf of the European Aerospace & Defence industry. ASD-STAN publishes and sells online its own standards-library documents for products, quality systems and product support for the European aerospace industry.
ASD-STAN was formerly known as the Association of European Aircraft and Component Manufacturers Standardization; Association Européenne des Constructeurs de Matériel Aérospatial Normalisation (AECMA-STAN).
History
The roots of ASD-STAN date back to the early 1970s when the members of the former AECMA decided to create a group of experts for technical standards' development (AECMA CN). Since 1973 this group cooperated with CEN (Comité Européen de Normalisation - European Standards Organisation) providing its technical standards for publication by CEN as "EN" European Standards. Following its later registration in Belgium as international non-profit association, in 1986 AECMA-STAN was officially recognized by CEN as "Associated Body" and "sole provider of aerospace standards".
In 2004, the Association of European Aircraft and Component Manufacturers, AECMA, merged with two other European aviation organizations (European Defence Industries Group, (EDIG) and EUROSPACE) and became ASD, the Aerospace and Defence Industries Association of Europe. In parallel this was performed for ASD-STAN.
The term "ASD" was often synonymous with those developed by this organization specifications "ASD Spec 1000D", "ASD Spec 2000M" and "ASD Simplified
Technical English" (see links below).
Cooperation
ASD-STAN is interactively cooperating with various European and international organisations in the standardization area of the Aerospace and Defence sector.
ASD-STAN acts as CEN Technical Committee for Aerospace and transfers all of its projected EN standards prEN to the CEN publication process to become a European Norm (EN).
At the European level ASD-STAN collaborates with ASD, EAQG, EASA and EUROCAE and - on defence related standardization - in the aerospace sector with EDA.
At international level ASD-STAN has some common projects with AIA and SAE to produce common standards. It is well recognised as the European body for the development and publication of global aerospace standards of the 9100-series by the International Aerospace Quality Group (IAQG). ASD-STAN collaborates with different ISO Technical Committees in the Aerospace (ISO [http://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink?funcll&objId8790614&objActionbrowse&sortname&viewType=1 TC20]), Material sector (ISO [http://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink?funcll&objId8810408&objActionbrowse&viewType1 TC79], [http://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink?funcll&objId8829498&objActionbrowse&viewType1 TC155]) and Automation systems (ISO [http://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink?funcll&objId8838189&objActionbrowse&viewType1 TC184]).
At the defence sector, ASD-STAN is part of the EDA Joint Maintenance
Group for maintenance of the EDA European Defence Agency EDSTAR/EDSIS system with Aerospace related topics. ASD-STAN supports the CEN Defence Standardisation Coordination Group (DSCG) to provide standards on request of identified needs in the Aerospace sector and has a cooperation agreement with NATO.
ASD-STAN product related standards are used for certification by ASD-CERT against the requirements of [http://www.asd-stan.org/?post_typedownload&s9133&lang=en prEN9133/EN9133] "Aerospace series - Quality management systems - Qualification Procedure for Aerospace Standard Parts".
ASD developments related to standard documents are mirrored by ASD-STAN and published
as ASD-STAN prEN documents, following the general ASD-STAN development and publication process.
Standard Developments and Publications
ASD-STAN developments are published as Technical report (TR) or projected European Norm
(prEN). The prEN abbreviation is often seen as preEN, but is not to be compared with the CEN prEN.
Over the years, ASD-STAN has established a lean and streamlined standardisation process for European aerospace standards in agreement with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It follows the principles of openness, transparency and consensus required by the Regulation on European Standardization ([http://r.search.yahoo.com/_yltA9mSs3GheUBWTYsAhK5LBQx.;_yluX3oDMTByaW11dnNvBGNvbG8DaXIyBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDBHNlYwNzcg--/RV2/RE1447094818/RO10/RUhttp%3a%2f%2feur-lex.europa.eu%2fLexUriServ%2fLexUriServ.do%3furi%3dOJ%3aL%3a2012%3a316%3a0012%3a0033%3aEN%3aPDF/RK0/RSypKRIIHZChA1MTBeilSP1__12EU- 1025/2012]). However, reducing the lead-time for the standards development process in accordance with industry needs remains a constant goal of ASD-STAN. The process is described in detail in the ASD-STAN General Process Manual. The general drafting, balloting and publication time for an ASD-STAN prEN is 12 months and includes the steps:
- New Work Item (NWI) Proposal and Agreement
- Drafting Process
- Ballot and Review Process
- Finalizing draft standard by updating and formatting
- Publication as prEN
With 2213 ENs - which is 11% of the available EN-Standards in Europe - ASD-STAN is one of the major providers of European Norms. In addition 808 prENs and 64 Technical Reports are already published by ASD-STAN which will be transferred to European Norms in the near future. Currently there are 672 standard developments by around 450 involved experts of the European aerospace industry (Data from 06/2016).
In 2015 ASD-STAN published 80 new projected European Norms (ASD-STAN prEN), in addition to finalize the transformation of 115 prEN to European Norms (EN).
Members
The European aerospace industries are represented by the national
industrial associations or European organizations as members of ASD-STAN. This
approach enables each industrial partner, especially SMEs, to participate at
the various ASD-STAN standardization activities.
Current members of ASD-STAN:
France: GIFAS Groupement
des Industries Françaises Aéronautiques et Spatiales
Germany: DIN-NL e.V. Deutsches
Insititut für Normung
Italy: AIAD Federazione Aziende Italiane per l'Aerospazio,
la Difesa e la Sicurezza
Spain: TEDAE Spanish Association of Defense, Aeronautics,
Security and Space Technology Companies
Sweden: SOFF Säkerhets och Försvars Företagen
United Kingdom: ADS Advancing UK Aerospace, Defence, Security & Space
Industries
Europe: EASA European Aviation Safety Agency
ASD AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe
Standardization Areas
ASD-STAN covers nine standardization areas in the aerospace & related defence sector:
Areas covered by D1 General Engineering Procedures
* LOTAR Long Term Archiving and Retrieval of Digital Technical Product Data
* MOAA Modular and Open Avionics Architecture
* Aircraft Cabin Air
* Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS)
* RFID Radio Frequency Identification
* Programme Management and System Engineering
* Seats ad Inflight Entertainment
* Built-In-Tests
* Ditching Equipment
Areas covered by D2 Electrical:
* Optics
* Electricity
* And associated components domain product standards.
Areas covered by D3 Mecahnical:
* Parts of Mechanical Systems
* Fasteners
* Fluids Systems
Areas covered by D4 Materials (Metallic &
Non-Metallic):
* Aluminium
* Titanium
* Steels
* Welding / Brazing
* Test Methods
* Surface Treatments Metallic
* Elastomers / Sealants
* Composite Material
* Paints / Varnishes & Surface Treatments Non-Metallic
* Super Alloy
Areas covered by D6 Quality
D6 Domain "Quality" covers the
development and maintenance of all quality-related documents in the area of product assurance and quality management. It may cover the document development of product assurance management, Quality Management, Quality Assurance, Safety Assurance, Reliability, Availability and Maintainability Assurance, Software
Product Assurance. It defines their respective objectives, policies, requirements and implementation standards to achieve the stated overall "Quality" and "Product Assurance" objectives throughout the complete life cycle of the products.
The domain covers mainly the activities of the International Aerospace Quality Group "IAQG" and represents the European sector (EAQG) of IAQG to achieve and involve a European position on the IAQG developments. IAQG develops standards, partly as extension to existing quality management systems, to implement initiatives that make significant improvements in quality and reductions in cost throughout the value stream by establishing and maintaining dynamic cooperation, based on trust, between international aerospace companies. The objectives of IAQG, covered in the ASD-STAN domain, are:
* Establish commonality of aviation, space and defence quality systems, "as documented" and "as applied"
* Establish and implement a process of continual improvement to bring initiatives to life (e.g. Industry expectations, lean manufacturing, performance metrics)
* Establish methods to share best practices in the aviation, space and defence industry
* Coordinate initiatives and activities with regulatory/government agencies and other industry Stakeholders, aiming at the consideration of respective standards as acceptable means of compliance.
Under the umbrella of the ASD Airworthiness Committee and mirrored by ASD-STAN for the standard development and publication process, a set of standards for Design Organization Approval were developed to become European Norms and one Acceptable Means of Compliance with EASA DOA requirements. Design
Organization Approval (DOA) holders impose to their design suppliers too many different and often complex sets of requirements for the same topic. A common set of requirements are prepared within Aerospace Industry, EASA and EAQG. It shares with EASA the global objectives of "Simplification" by e.g.
minimum requirements, more guidance materials) and creation of Industry Standards.
Areas covered by D7 eBusiness standards
This domain is performed by the ASD Strategic Standardization Group (SSG).
The SSG is a group of European
manufacturers, A& D associations and military governmental agency in order to share efforts of development of common A&D e-Business standards and associated harmonized European policies for operational use.
Both are understood today as two strategic levers of competitiveness for all the A&D manufactures and their supply chains (New role of the Original Equipment Manufacturer as System Integrator, and product & process Information Integrator).
The ASD SSG does not aim to create new eBusiness standards but to support effective governance at European level of International and European standards:
* Identifying set of standards to use or to develop in order to cover the full spectrum of needs for eBusiness;
* Proposing and applying governance tools at strategic and technical level (e.g. radar screen, interoperability framework, assessment process)
* Developing a network of experts
* Developing liaisons with all relevant standardization organization
Areas covered by D8 Product Support:
The domain is performed by the ASD Product Support Group and includes training on ASD-STE100.
Areas covered by D9 Environment:
Environmental considerations of all domains including Declaration Standards on chemical substances are covered by the Environment domain.
Areas covered by D10 Space
Space issues are addressed via the ASD EUROSPACE Standardization Panel.

James V. Baker new article content ... (born January 20, 1941 in Monessen, Pennsylvania to James V. and Helen Frances Gojsic Baker. He attended Monessen High School where he earned nine letters in baseball, volleyball and tennis. He was a member of the WPIAL and State Championship volleyball team in 1956. In 1957 and 1958 he was a member of the winning WPIAL tennis doubles team. In 1958 helped lead Monessen High to the WPIAL Team tennis title and also won the Pennsylvania State High School doubles championship. In 1957 he was ranked in the top 10 in squash among juniors in the USA.
His tennis accomplishments earned him a scholarship to Pennsylvania State University. It was the first tennis scholarship ever awarded by Penn State. While there he captained the tennis team, was Vice President of the Varsity “S” Club, a member of the Druids and Parmi Nous Hat Societies, and a brother in the Theta Delta Chi fraternity.
Immediately following his graduation he took over as head tennis professional at the Youngstown Country Club in Youngstown, Ohio. He remained the head professional through the 1966 summer season.
In the fall of 1962 he was named Freshman Tennis Coach and Assistant Head Coach at Florida State University (FSU) in Tallahassee, Florida. At FSU he also taught courses in economics and finance while earning a masters degree in economics and a doctorate degree in finance. He also taught at the University of Southern Mississippi in Hattiesburg, Mississippi and the University of Oklahoma (OU) in Norman, Oklahoma. At OU he was the Oklahoma Bankers Association Professor of Banking and taught courses in money and banking, financial institutions and monetary theory.
He left university life in 1970 and joined Fidelity National Bank in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma as head of investments and a member of its board of directors and executive committee. Baker remained there until 1979 when his spirit of entrepreneurship encouraged him to found James Baker & Company, a nationwide broker dealer and investment advisory firm. He was the first person in the United States to establish a brokerage firm as a subsidiary of a bank holding company and his approach became commonplace as leading bank holding companies throughout the nation followed the path he had established.
While a resident of Oklahoma City, Baker was treasurer of the City of Nichols Hills, president of the Economic Club of Oklahoma, chairman of the Oklahoma Development Authority, a member of the Bond Club and the Oklahoma City Golf & Country Club. He was also chairman of the Kerr Foundation and Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Oklahoma’s finance committees.
Throughout his academic and business careers Baker remained a prolific writer authoring numerous articles on accounting, banking and investments. He is perhaps best known as the father of Asset Liability Management, which is a theory he developed in the 1970s to define, measure and manage interest rate risk. His theory was espoused in a book he authored for the American Bankers Association (ABA) entitled Asset Liability Management. That book, which was published in 1980, became the biggest selling book issued by the ABA and it was translated in several other languages. The principles developed by Baker became generally accepted worldwide and made him a sought after speaker and adviser.
Baker’s blend of academic and practical experience and his teaching background provided a valuable resource to the America Bankers Association. He served on that organization’s commercial lending division and investment division executive committees. He was a member of the faculties of the ABA Commercial Lending, Investment, Instalment Lending, and Commercial Lending Graduate Schools. He served as chairman of the Certified Commercial Lending accreditation board. Baker received numerous awards from the ABA for his contributions to continuing education.
Baker is an active tennis player who competes in local, state, national, and international tournaments. He has frequently been ranked in top 10 by the United States Tennis Association in his age division and in 2016 he was ranked as high as #5 in the world by the International Tennis Federation (ITF). He has won over 100 tournaments in Pennsylvania, Florida, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Oregon, Croatia, Mexico and Chile.
References
Baker, James V. “Viewpoint: Resist the Temptation to Nationalize Banks,” American Banker, February 20, 2009.
_ “Preserving Banks’ Ability, Desire to Make Loans,” American Banker, October 31, 2008.
Baker, James V. and Zweig, Philip L. “Viewpoint: Legislators and Treasury Ignoring Simpler Solution,” American Banker, September 26, 2008.
Baker, James V. “Money Market Funds Need Insurance, Too,” American Banker, September 19, 2008.
Baker, Dr. James V. “Testing Portfolio Strategies Through Simulation,” Outlook of the Federal Home Loan Bank System, February 28, 1987, pp. 17-19.
_ “This is Decade of Financial Assets, Says James V. Baker,” The Journal Record, February 18, 1987, p. 5.
_ “Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About A/L Management….And Weren’t Afraid to Ask,” ABA Banking Journal, (October, 1986), pp. 66, 69, 70.
_ “Beyond the GAP,” Mid-Continent Banker, (August, 1986), pp. 10, 12, 13, 14.
_ The Prison of Passive Investment Portfolios,” American Banker, March 7, 1985, pp. 4, 6.
_ “Some Shortsighted Bankers Persist in Playing Deadly Game of ‘Chicken’,” American Banker, February 14, 1984, pp. 26, 28.
_ “Investors Should Watch Treasury Bill Rates, Says Baker,” The Journal Record, November 7, 1984, pp. 1, 6.
_ “Computers in Banking,” Texas Banker, July 1984, pp. 33-34.
_ “We Should Cry For Oklahoma, Not Argentina,” American Banker, July 5, 1984, p. 4.
_ “A Beginner’s Guide to Proper Use of Interest Rate Futures,” ABA Banking Journal, February, 1982, pp. 129, 130, 132, 134.
_ “Bank Profitability In Texas,” Texas Bankers Record, October, 1982, pp. 14-16, 32- 33.
_ “Investment Portfolio Strategies, The Southern Banker, July, 1982, p. 39.
_ “Statistical Relationships Are Key To Banks’ Use of Interest Rate Futures,” ABA Banking Journal, March, 1982, pp. 88, 90, 93, 95.
_ Asset/Liability Management, Washington, D.C.: American Bankers Association, 1981.
_ “The Impact of Volatile Interest Rates,” Oklahoma Business, (December, 1980), pp. 11-15.
_ “Riding the Rates, or Asset/Liability Management Revisited,” Banking, the Journal of The American Bankers Association, (August, 1980), pp. 57-62.
_ “Asset/Liability Planning for the 80’s,” The Southern Banker, (February, 1980), pp. 23-25.
_ “Asset/Liability Management (V): A Model Asset/Liability Management Policy,” Banking, the Journal of the American Bankers Association, (October, 1978), pp. 82, 84, 86, 88.
_ “Asset/Liability Management (IV): System Method of Asset/Liability Management: What it is, How it Works,” Banking, the Journal of the American Bankers Association, (September, 19780, pp. 114-116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 158, 162.
_ “Asset Liability Management (III): The Liability Namangement Method Demonstrates Six Principles……,” Banking, the Journal of The American Bankers Association, (August, 1978), pp. 74, 77-78.
_ “Asset Liability Management (II): Three Ways to Get There - and How to Read ‘Road Signs’ Along the Way,” Banking, the Journal of The American Bankers Association, (July, 1978), pp. 78, 82, 84, 90, 92, 112, 114.
_ “To Meet Accelerating Change: Why You Need a Formal Asset/Liability Management Policy,” Banking, the Journal of The American Bankers Association, (June, 1978), pp. 33-38, 40, 43.
_ “Model Investment Policy.” Oklahoma City: Fidelity Bank, N.A., 1977. This Model Investment Policy was incorporated as one of the two such policies in the American Bankers Association publication, A Guide to Developing A Written Investment Policy.
_ “Model Asset Liability Management Policy.” Oklahoma City: Fidelity Bank, N.A., 1977.
_ “Loan Losses in Perspective: Oklahoma and The Nation,” Oklahoma Banker, October, 1976, pp. 6-26.
_ “Modern Bank Management - A Systems View,” Bank News, July 15, 1976, pp. 9-18.
_ “Traditional View of Loan Portfolio Quality Neglects Factors of Significant Importance,” Mid-Continent Banker, May 1, 1976, pp. 49-50.
_ “New Professionalism for Loan Officers,” Banking, April 1976, pp. 86-89.
_ “I Guess We Made It,” Oklahoma Banker, May, 1975, pp. 17-28.
_ “Bank Profitability in Oklahoma,” Oklahoma Banker, February, 1974, pp. 15-17.
_ “Summer - Interns Return to Campus,” Oklahoma Banker, October, 1971, pp. 6-7.
_ “Commercial Lending Fundamentals,” Oklahoma Banker, August, 1971, pp. 12-24.
_ “Bank Profitability,” President’s Conference for Bank Chief Executive Officers (Oklahoma City, Okla: Oklahoma Bankers Association, 1970) pp. 57-81.
_ “Functional Cost Analysis is Here!,” Oklahoma Banker, August, 1970, p. 9.
_ “Retention and Destruction of Bank Records - Part I,” Oklahoma Banker, September, 1970, pp. 17-36.
_ “Retention and Destruction of Bank Records - Part II,” Oklahoma Banker, September, 1970, pp. 24-29.
_ “Manpower Needs, Salaries, and Fringe Benefits of the baning Industry in Oklahoma” (Oklahoma City: Oklahoma Bankers Association, 1970), 148 pages.
_ “Measuring Bank Profits,” Oklahoma Banker, November, 1969, pp. 7-20. A revised version was reprinted as “A Note on Measuring Bank Profits,” Oklahoma Business Bulletin, February, 1970, pp. 12-24.
_ “A Comparison of the Prime Rate and Real Rate of Interest,” Oklahoma Banker, August, 1969, pp. 36-37. A revised version was reprinted as “A Note on the Truth About Interest Rates,” Oklahoma Business Bulletin, October, 1969, pp. 6-9.
_ “An Empirical Examination of Inter-Regional Bank Profitability Differences in Oklahoma,” Oklahoma Banker, March, 1968, pp. 44-47. A revised version was reprinted as “Bank Profitability Differences in Oklahoma: An Empirical Analysis,” Oklahoma Business Bulletin, June, 1969, pp. 4-7.
_ “Synopsis of Bank Protection Regulations,” Oklahoma Banker, February, 1969, pp. 7-8.
_ “Bank Profitability in Oklahoma,” Oklahoma Banker, December, 1968, pp. 14-16. A revised version was reprinted as “Profitability of Oklahoma Bank,” Oklahoma Business Bulletin, April, 1969, pp. 13-15.
PUBLICATIONS - Case Studies:
Interim Case, American Bankers Association National Commercial Lending Graduate School. This case is approximately 200 pages and has been revised four times sine I developed it in 1974. It includes fifty actual loan offering memoranda covering a range of commercial loans, such as construction, retail, manufacturing, and financial corporation credits. Students are given six months to analyze the liquidity, diversification, policy compliance, profitability, and quality of the loan portfolio. Students must also appraise the performance of the loan officers who granted the credits and the philosophy and performance of the bank.
Douglas, Inc., American Bankers Association National Instalment Credit School, 8 pages. This case requires the student to evaluate the profitability of a car dealer relationship.
Empire, Inc., American Bankers Association National Commercial Lending School, 18 pages. This case focuses on assessing the cash-flow requirements to service debt and appropriate loan agreement restrictions along with collateral considerations.
Buckskin, Inc., American Bankers Association National Commercial Lending School, 8 pages. Focuses on cash-flow considerations under different sales forecasts. It is an accounts receivable situation.
Making the Credit Decision - Knight, Inc., American Bankers Association National Commercial Lending School, 8 pages. This case requires the lender to determine the maximum amount of debt that can be serviced.
RELEVANT NEWSPAPER AND MAGAZINE ARTICLES:
“Special Report: Commercial Lending,” Banking, March 1977, pp. 27-29, 84-94, 122-126. This issue features a roundtable discussion on commercial lending with Dr. Baker as one of seven panelists.
Matthews, Gordon, “74 Viewed as year of Loan Officer ‘Baptism’,” American Banker, March 4, 1975, pp. 1-14. Coverage of speech delivered by Dr. Baker at the American Bankers Association 1975 National Credit Conference.
“Economic Uptrend Predicted,” The Daily Oklahoman, January 14, 1975, p. 11. Coverage of speech delivered by Dr. Baker to the Junior League of Oklahoma City.
Bayless, Glen, “City Economist Predicts Economic Upturn in 1975,” The Sunday Oklahoman, December 8, 1974, p. B-1.
“Outlook Grim - Economist Says Recession Already Under Way in U.S.,” The Daily Oklahoman, November 28, 1973, p. 19. Coverage of speech delivered by Dr. Baker at Oklahoma City Downtown Rotary Club.
“Recession Near, Expert Says,” The Daily Oklahoman, November 20, 1973, p. 11. Coverage of speech delivered by Dr. Baker to Oklahoma Farm Bureau Annual Convention.