Portagee is a term often ascribed to persons of Portuguese ancestry. The term found usage during the major waves of Portuguese immigration to the United States, from the late 1870s until the recent wave, which began in the 1960s.
Initially, the term found usage by Anglo-Saxons of the WASP variety in describing the immigrants from Southern Europe that they encountered as fishermen and factory workers in New England and on farms in California. Although ethnically white Caucasians, at the time, the Portuguese faced the same discrimination and accusations of non-Caucasian heritage that befell Irish, Italians and Jews of that era.
While the term still carries a derogatory connotation in some parts of the country, in other areas of the United States, persons of Portuguese descent often call each other Portagee as a term of bonding and endearment. This seems more common in New England, where Portuguese from the Azores and Madeira Islands have settled since the late nineteenth century. More recent immigrants to New Jersey do not use the term as much.
In California, a portagee gate characterized the tightwad stereotype attributed to Portuguese immigrants. The gate involved flimsy construction, implying that the Portuguese who made it attempted to save money in purchasing materials. A 2004 biography by Charles Reis Felix, entitled Through A Portagee Gate, makes reference to the usage of portagee as an ethnic term in Massachusetts during the 20th century. Felix analyzes the term while examining his own Portuguese-American roots and those of his father.
The term Portagee (which sometimes, and more properly, appears in upper case) also denotes a type of beans typically eaten by the Portuguese, as well as a type of bread eaten with meals. The term supposedly originated from a mispronunciation of the word Portuguese itself. (This suffix also appears in Chinee, as in The Heathen Chinee.) Residents of Hawaii are also familiar with the term, which was also applied in a derogatory fashion to Portuguese workers from Madeira who harvested sugar cane on the islands.
Portagee, as used in the Hawaiian Islands, belongs to the extensive vocabulary of the Creole, or Pidgin English spoken there (please see Hawaiian Pidgin). It has several meanings, which largely parallel those used in other places, but additionally refers to the accent with which the Creole of the Islands is spoken. In this sense and usage, it resembles the term Cockney, which refers to several things, including an area of London, but in popular usage (esp. in America) often means the speaking accent of the Cockney people themselves.
The Portuguese comprised a large percentage of the Iberian immigrants to Hawaii (including many who came from The Azores), and their contributions to Hawaii and Hawaiian culture are many, especially in the field of music. The Ukulele, for example, is Portuguese in origin. Other cultural contributions are seen in the area of food. For example, Portuguese sausage (please see List of Hawaiian dishes), a highly flavored pork sausage similar to kielbasa, or German sausage, but seasoned and spiced in distinctive ways, is a local staple.
Further reading
*Felix, Charles Reis (2004). Through a Portagee Gate. Dartmouth: Center for Portuguese Studies and Culture, University of Massachusetts. ISBN 0-9722561-4-8.
*Monteiro, George (1968). "And still more ethnic and place names as derisive adjectives". Western Folklore (27 (1), 51.
Sakoda, Kent, and Siegel, Jeff (2003) Pidgin Grammar - An Introduction to the Creole Language of Hawaii , Bess Press, Honolulu
Da Jesus Book, Hawaiian Pidgin New Testament, Wycliffe Bible Translators (Translation of the Old Testament is underway at this time)
Initially, the term found usage by Anglo-Saxons of the WASP variety in describing the immigrants from Southern Europe that they encountered as fishermen and factory workers in New England and on farms in California. Although ethnically white Caucasians, at the time, the Portuguese faced the same discrimination and accusations of non-Caucasian heritage that befell Irish, Italians and Jews of that era.
While the term still carries a derogatory connotation in some parts of the country, in other areas of the United States, persons of Portuguese descent often call each other Portagee as a term of bonding and endearment. This seems more common in New England, where Portuguese from the Azores and Madeira Islands have settled since the late nineteenth century. More recent immigrants to New Jersey do not use the term as much.
In California, a portagee gate characterized the tightwad stereotype attributed to Portuguese immigrants. The gate involved flimsy construction, implying that the Portuguese who made it attempted to save money in purchasing materials. A 2004 biography by Charles Reis Felix, entitled Through A Portagee Gate, makes reference to the usage of portagee as an ethnic term in Massachusetts during the 20th century. Felix analyzes the term while examining his own Portuguese-American roots and those of his father.
The term Portagee (which sometimes, and more properly, appears in upper case) also denotes a type of beans typically eaten by the Portuguese, as well as a type of bread eaten with meals. The term supposedly originated from a mispronunciation of the word Portuguese itself. (This suffix also appears in Chinee, as in The Heathen Chinee.) Residents of Hawaii are also familiar with the term, which was also applied in a derogatory fashion to Portuguese workers from Madeira who harvested sugar cane on the islands.
Portagee, as used in the Hawaiian Islands, belongs to the extensive vocabulary of the Creole, or Pidgin English spoken there (please see Hawaiian Pidgin). It has several meanings, which largely parallel those used in other places, but additionally refers to the accent with which the Creole of the Islands is spoken. In this sense and usage, it resembles the term Cockney, which refers to several things, including an area of London, but in popular usage (esp. in America) often means the speaking accent of the Cockney people themselves.
The Portuguese comprised a large percentage of the Iberian immigrants to Hawaii (including many who came from The Azores), and their contributions to Hawaii and Hawaiian culture are many, especially in the field of music. The Ukulele, for example, is Portuguese in origin. Other cultural contributions are seen in the area of food. For example, Portuguese sausage (please see List of Hawaiian dishes), a highly flavored pork sausage similar to kielbasa, or German sausage, but seasoned and spiced in distinctive ways, is a local staple.
Further reading
*Felix, Charles Reis (2004). Through a Portagee Gate. Dartmouth: Center for Portuguese Studies and Culture, University of Massachusetts. ISBN 0-9722561-4-8.
*Monteiro, George (1968). "And still more ethnic and place names as derisive adjectives". Western Folklore (27 (1), 51.
Sakoda, Kent, and Siegel, Jeff (2003) Pidgin Grammar - An Introduction to the Creole Language of Hawaii , Bess Press, Honolulu
Da Jesus Book, Hawaiian Pidgin New Testament, Wycliffe Bible Translators (Translation of the Old Testament is underway at this time)
Jakiw Palij (also Yakiv Paliy, , born August 16, 1923) is a Polish-born Ukrainian man who lost his United States citizenship for having "made material misrepresentations in his application for a visa to immigrate to the United States," He later worked as a draftsman in the United States.
Born in the village of Piadyki, Poland (now Pyadyky, Ukraine), Palij began working at age 18 at Trawniki. Palij fled to Germany after the end of World War II and entered the United States in 1949 as a refugee by claiming to have been a farmer in his father's farm in Poland and a factory worker in Germany. After settling in Manhattan with Jaroslaw Bilaniuk, he worked as a draftsman at the New York office of Johnson Controls, before retiring to Jackson Heights, Queens. Palij became a naturalized United States citizen in 1957.
In 2002, the OSI filed suit to revoke both men's United States citizenship as both men had "failed to disclose their wartime service." Palij was found by the court to be guilty of collaboration with Nazi Germany Bilaniuk died in 2007.
Born in the village of Piadyki, Poland (now Pyadyky, Ukraine), Palij began working at age 18 at Trawniki. Palij fled to Germany after the end of World War II and entered the United States in 1949 as a refugee by claiming to have been a farmer in his father's farm in Poland and a factory worker in Germany. After settling in Manhattan with Jaroslaw Bilaniuk, he worked as a draftsman at the New York office of Johnson Controls, before retiring to Jackson Heights, Queens. Palij became a naturalized United States citizen in 1957.
In 2002, the OSI filed suit to revoke both men's United States citizenship as both men had "failed to disclose their wartime service." Palij was found by the court to be guilty of collaboration with Nazi Germany Bilaniuk died in 2007.
The American University of Mayonic Science and Technology (AUMS&T) is an educational institution that specializes in instruction of the ancient Indian art and science known as Vaastu Shastra, a form of architecture traditionally attributed to the Indian mystic Mamuni Mayan.
AUMS&T was authorized directly by V. Ganapati, a leading proponent of vaastu architecture in modern India, and is currently led by Dr. Jessie Mercay. Rejecting more modern interpretations of vaastu arts, AUMS&T relies on the original vaastu shastras, and all faculty have been personally instructed in the ancient shastras by Dr. Ganapati.
, AUMS&T has chosen not to seek accreditation by any accrediting body.
AUMS&T was authorized directly by V. Ganapati, a leading proponent of vaastu architecture in modern India, and is currently led by Dr. Jessie Mercay. Rejecting more modern interpretations of vaastu arts, AUMS&T relies on the original vaastu shastras, and all faculty have been personally instructed in the ancient shastras by Dr. Ganapati.
, AUMS&T has chosen not to seek accreditation by any accrediting body.
Hyland Language Centre is a language school, specializing in English Language Teaching, founded in 1985 in Madrid, Spain by David Garner.
History
Hyland Language Centre has been located in its present building in Madrid’s Serrano Street since 1985. Until 2003 Hyland Language Centre, previously known as International House Madrid - Serrano, was a member of the International House World Organisation. Hyland Language Centre is a member of IATEFL (International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language), ASEPROCE (Asociación Española de Promotores de Cursos en el Extranjero), ACADE (Asociación de Centros Autónomos de Enseñanza Privado), ACEDIM (Asociación de Centros de Enseñanza de Idiomas de Madrid), FECEI (Federación Española de Centros de Enseñanza de Idiomas) and of TESOL (Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages) and is a University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations Authorised Centre for Teaching Awards.
Directorship
David Garner - Founder/Director
After teaching English in Madrid in the early 1970s David Garner worked at the British Embassy in Madrid and the British Consulate in Alicante from 1977 to 1983. In 1983 he was appointed Director General of International House Madrid and he held this position until 1989.
David has worked as a consultant for language schools in Dublin (Ireland), Kiev and Odessa (Ukraine) and Shanghai (China).
David Leonida - Managing Director
Originally from Sydney, Australia, David has a degree in Business Management with a major in Marketing and International Business.
He started off his professional career in the advertising agency McCann-Erickson and also worked as an Events and Functions Director in an events and catering firm. After this, he completed a postgraduate TESOL course to become a qualified English language teacher.
He came to Spain in 1998 and worked as an English teacher for a number of years before working in an academic consultancy in Madrid. He worked there for 9 years in various positions including, Academic Counselor, Academic Director and General Manager. He joined Hyland Language Centre in July 2010.
Andrea Sweeney - Director of Studies
Andrea completed her BA in French and Spanish at Cambridge University and trained to be a teacher in the UK in 1996. After teaching in Indonesia , France and Italy she came to Hyland Language Centre (then International House Serrano) in 1998, where she completed the DELTA. She then worked for the British Council in Mexico as Senior Teacher responsible for academic development and later for the British Council in Portugal. She returned to Hyland Language Centre in September 2006 as Director of Studies.
Directors of Studies (past and present)
* Peter Moor, co-author of the Cutting Edge and New Cutting series and Real Life (Pearson Education) ; Making Headway and New Headway Pronunciation series (Oxford University Press)
* Alison Blair, co-author of Twister 3-6, English with Ellie (Richmond Publishing) ; Stardust, Zig-Zag Island, Animal Island, Magic Island and Galaxy (Oxford University Press)
* Dave Spencer, author of Teamwork and Top Team (both co-written with David Vaughan), Looking Forward, Macmillan Secondary Course and Key Revision (Macmillan)
* Ceri Jones, co-author of Inside Out Advanced and Straightforward Intermediate and Straightforward Upper Intermediate (Macmillan)
* Peter Jefferies, co-author of Twister (Richmond Publishing)
* Amanda Ingram, subsequently Director of Hyland Language Centre and currently Director of Studies of the British Council, Hong Kong
* Andrea Sweeney (current Director of Studies)
The School
Hyland Language Centre employs 45 teachers who teach English and French to over 600 adults and young learners in the school’s 13 classrooms. It also carries out curricular and extracurricular classes to approximately 2400 children in 11 infants, primary and secondary schools in Madrid, organizes language courses abroad, language training for companies and for Spanish school teachers: Hyland Language Centre is an accredited Cambridge CELTA training and examination centre.
The school prepares students for the University of Cambridge Starters, Movers, Flyers, KET, PET, First Certificate in English (FCE), Certificate in Advanced English (CAE), Certificate of Proficiency in English (CPE), IELTS and International Legal English Certificate (ILEC) examinations as well as offering TOEFL preparation courses.
History
Hyland Language Centre has been located in its present building in Madrid’s Serrano Street since 1985. Until 2003 Hyland Language Centre, previously known as International House Madrid - Serrano, was a member of the International House World Organisation. Hyland Language Centre is a member of IATEFL (International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language), ASEPROCE (Asociación Española de Promotores de Cursos en el Extranjero), ACADE (Asociación de Centros Autónomos de Enseñanza Privado), ACEDIM (Asociación de Centros de Enseñanza de Idiomas de Madrid), FECEI (Federación Española de Centros de Enseñanza de Idiomas) and of TESOL (Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages) and is a University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations Authorised Centre for Teaching Awards.
Directorship
David Garner - Founder/Director
After teaching English in Madrid in the early 1970s David Garner worked at the British Embassy in Madrid and the British Consulate in Alicante from 1977 to 1983. In 1983 he was appointed Director General of International House Madrid and he held this position until 1989.
David has worked as a consultant for language schools in Dublin (Ireland), Kiev and Odessa (Ukraine) and Shanghai (China).
David Leonida - Managing Director
Originally from Sydney, Australia, David has a degree in Business Management with a major in Marketing and International Business.
He started off his professional career in the advertising agency McCann-Erickson and also worked as an Events and Functions Director in an events and catering firm. After this, he completed a postgraduate TESOL course to become a qualified English language teacher.
He came to Spain in 1998 and worked as an English teacher for a number of years before working in an academic consultancy in Madrid. He worked there for 9 years in various positions including, Academic Counselor, Academic Director and General Manager. He joined Hyland Language Centre in July 2010.
Andrea Sweeney - Director of Studies
Andrea completed her BA in French and Spanish at Cambridge University and trained to be a teacher in the UK in 1996. After teaching in Indonesia , France and Italy she came to Hyland Language Centre (then International House Serrano) in 1998, where she completed the DELTA. She then worked for the British Council in Mexico as Senior Teacher responsible for academic development and later for the British Council in Portugal. She returned to Hyland Language Centre in September 2006 as Director of Studies.
Directors of Studies (past and present)
* Peter Moor, co-author of the Cutting Edge and New Cutting series and Real Life (Pearson Education) ; Making Headway and New Headway Pronunciation series (Oxford University Press)
* Alison Blair, co-author of Twister 3-6, English with Ellie (Richmond Publishing) ; Stardust, Zig-Zag Island, Animal Island, Magic Island and Galaxy (Oxford University Press)
* Dave Spencer, author of Teamwork and Top Team (both co-written with David Vaughan), Looking Forward, Macmillan Secondary Course and Key Revision (Macmillan)
* Ceri Jones, co-author of Inside Out Advanced and Straightforward Intermediate and Straightforward Upper Intermediate (Macmillan)
* Peter Jefferies, co-author of Twister (Richmond Publishing)
* Amanda Ingram, subsequently Director of Hyland Language Centre and currently Director of Studies of the British Council, Hong Kong
* Andrea Sweeney (current Director of Studies)
The School
Hyland Language Centre employs 45 teachers who teach English and French to over 600 adults and young learners in the school’s 13 classrooms. It also carries out curricular and extracurricular classes to approximately 2400 children in 11 infants, primary and secondary schools in Madrid, organizes language courses abroad, language training for companies and for Spanish school teachers: Hyland Language Centre is an accredited Cambridge CELTA training and examination centre.
The school prepares students for the University of Cambridge Starters, Movers, Flyers, KET, PET, First Certificate in English (FCE), Certificate in Advanced English (CAE), Certificate of Proficiency in English (CPE), IELTS and International Legal English Certificate (ILEC) examinations as well as offering TOEFL preparation courses.