The Joint Operations Computer Project Team (JOCPT) was set up by the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) in the late 1960s charged with the task of convincing Army commanders to adopt the computerisation of battle control.
JOCPT was part of Project Wavell. What JOCPT achieved is a system known in the British Army as Ptarmigan (see and [http://www.armedforces.co.uk/army/listings/l0085.html#PTARMIGAN]).
Historically, generals had moved flags and blocks representing their forces on a map to give them an overview of the strategic and tactical situation on the ground and to help plan forthcoming events. This was still the case with the British Army in the early 1970s.
In its simplest form, computerisation envisaged that forces in the field could link to the main battle command computer and input data as it developed for each unit. This would cut out the need for massages to be relayed to the commander's table and someone to move the flags around. At any given moment, the most up to date situation would be on screen and hard copies could be printed out if required.
The MoD did not seek to impose such a technical advance on commanders without giving them them the chance to evaluate it first.
JOCPT was therefore set up in the headquarters of the at Bielefeld in what was then West Germany. This was the British Army's frontline defence in the Cold War against the Soviet bloc in the east. The team's task was to convince the corps commander (Lieutenant General Sir Mervyn Andrew Haldane Butler - known as "Tubby" Butler), the commanders of its four armoured divisions, and their subordinate commanders, that computerisation of battle control would would not only work but be robust enough to withstand battle conditions. For example, early objections to the concept focused on whether sensitive computer equipment housed in a mobile command vehicle could withstand the shock of a missile exploding nearby.
Part of JOCPT's role was to liaise with the various private contractors that would be supplying the equipment involved.
Personnel
The original leader of the team was Lieutenant Colonel Vivian Edwards, Royal Signals (1920-1993). Edwards had been in the Royal Artillery during the Second World War and had also trained as a fighter pilot. After the war he was attached to Military Intelligence (MI8) and had a high security clearance. The reality of postwar prospects for officers seeking a permanent career in the Royal Artillery was limited and Edwards, like many others, opted to change to Royal Signals which was seen as the Corps with the bright future ahead of it in terms of likely technological advances.
In accordance with this, Edwards was attached to the Westinghouse Corporation in Maryland, USA, which at that time was developing the latest computer technology for US military forces and for NATO. This was where Edwards gained the information necessary to fulfil his role as leader of JOCPT when it was set up in 1968.
Another member of the team was Major Ken Grapes, Royal Signals, who in retirement became director general of the Royal National Rose Society, Hertfordshire.
Books
The Royal Corps of Signals: Unit Histories of the Corps (1920-2001) and its Antecedents, by Cliff Lord and Graham Watson, published by Helion & Company Ltd ISBN 1874622922, ISBN 9781874622925 (see pages 22, 58, 70, 91, 93, 140, 170, 331, and 335).
JOCPT was part of Project Wavell. What JOCPT achieved is a system known in the British Army as Ptarmigan (see and [http://www.armedforces.co.uk/army/listings/l0085.html#PTARMIGAN]).
Historically, generals had moved flags and blocks representing their forces on a map to give them an overview of the strategic and tactical situation on the ground and to help plan forthcoming events. This was still the case with the British Army in the early 1970s.
In its simplest form, computerisation envisaged that forces in the field could link to the main battle command computer and input data as it developed for each unit. This would cut out the need for massages to be relayed to the commander's table and someone to move the flags around. At any given moment, the most up to date situation would be on screen and hard copies could be printed out if required.
The MoD did not seek to impose such a technical advance on commanders without giving them them the chance to evaluate it first.
JOCPT was therefore set up in the headquarters of the at Bielefeld in what was then West Germany. This was the British Army's frontline defence in the Cold War against the Soviet bloc in the east. The team's task was to convince the corps commander (Lieutenant General Sir Mervyn Andrew Haldane Butler - known as "Tubby" Butler), the commanders of its four armoured divisions, and their subordinate commanders, that computerisation of battle control would would not only work but be robust enough to withstand battle conditions. For example, early objections to the concept focused on whether sensitive computer equipment housed in a mobile command vehicle could withstand the shock of a missile exploding nearby.
Part of JOCPT's role was to liaise with the various private contractors that would be supplying the equipment involved.
Personnel
The original leader of the team was Lieutenant Colonel Vivian Edwards, Royal Signals (1920-1993). Edwards had been in the Royal Artillery during the Second World War and had also trained as a fighter pilot. After the war he was attached to Military Intelligence (MI8) and had a high security clearance. The reality of postwar prospects for officers seeking a permanent career in the Royal Artillery was limited and Edwards, like many others, opted to change to Royal Signals which was seen as the Corps with the bright future ahead of it in terms of likely technological advances.
In accordance with this, Edwards was attached to the Westinghouse Corporation in Maryland, USA, which at that time was developing the latest computer technology for US military forces and for NATO. This was where Edwards gained the information necessary to fulfil his role as leader of JOCPT when it was set up in 1968.
Another member of the team was Major Ken Grapes, Royal Signals, who in retirement became director general of the Royal National Rose Society, Hertfordshire.
Books
The Royal Corps of Signals: Unit Histories of the Corps (1920-2001) and its Antecedents, by Cliff Lord and Graham Watson, published by Helion & Company Ltd ISBN 1874622922, ISBN 9781874622925 (see pages 22, 58, 70, 91, 93, 140, 170, 331, and 335).
Kenneth Joseph was born and raised in Japan. He was aged 28 in 2003.
A graduate of Biola University with degrees in Communications and Intercultural studies, Joseph is currently an associate professor at Chiba University in Japan and is working on his Doctorate in International Relations.. He is also pastor at the Narimasu Christ Church in Tokyo, Japan, founder and director of The Japan Helpline, a worldwide 24-hour hotline and relief assistance organization, and founder and director of the Japan-based Keikyo Institute, which studies the historical roots of Christianity in Asia.
Allegedly the author of 3 books (in Japanese) he claims to be working on another, his first in English, entitled “Who Lost Iraq”. He wrote `I Was Wrong` published by UPI about his change of mind concerning the war. His opposition to the War in Iraq and subsequent change of position having allegedly seen the effect of Saddam Hussein on the people of Iraq was a part of the post war debate on Iraq.
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A graduate of Biola University with degrees in Communications and Intercultural studies, Joseph is currently an associate professor at Chiba University in Japan and is working on his Doctorate in International Relations.. He is also pastor at the Narimasu Christ Church in Tokyo, Japan, founder and director of The Japan Helpline, a worldwide 24-hour hotline and relief assistance organization, and founder and director of the Japan-based Keikyo Institute, which studies the historical roots of Christianity in Asia.
Allegedly the author of 3 books (in Japanese) he claims to be working on another, his first in English, entitled “Who Lost Iraq”. He wrote `I Was Wrong` published by UPI about his change of mind concerning the war. His opposition to the War in Iraq and subsequent change of position having allegedly seen the effect of Saddam Hussein on the people of Iraq was a part of the post war debate on Iraq.
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HMPP (Hybrid Multicore Parallel Programming) is a set of tool serving hybrid multi-core programming.
Description
HMPP Workbench contains tow tools:
* a C and Fortran compiler,
* a runtime.
Suported OS:
* Debian 4.0 and above.
* RedHat Entreprise Linux 4.5 and above.
* RedHat Entreprise Linux 5.1 and above.
Concepts
The main idea is: "In order to address the hybrid multi-core world, the developer must decorate his application and must not modify it".
Out of this concept, a set of directives is born. Those allow declaration and call of a codelets, which can be deported and executed on an accelerator.
They also define the execution conditions of the codelets (synchronzied, asynchronized, guard) and permit also to specify the data transfers.
As the codelets are dynamically linked to the application, HMPP can, without recompiling the complete application, use a new accelerator or an improved version of a ].
HMPP directives
HMPP directives allow the remote execution of parts of an application and deal with the data transfer from and to the hardware accelerators.
HMPP directive recognition
Description
HMPP Workbench contains tow tools:
* a C and Fortran compiler,
* a runtime.
Suported OS:
* Debian 4.0 and above.
* RedHat Entreprise Linux 4.5 and above.
* RedHat Entreprise Linux 5.1 and above.
Concepts
The main idea is: "In order to address the hybrid multi-core world, the developer must decorate his application and must not modify it".
Out of this concept, a set of directives is born. Those allow declaration and call of a codelets, which can be deported and executed on an accelerator.
They also define the execution conditions of the codelets (synchronzied, asynchronized, guard) and permit also to specify the data transfers.
As the codelets are dynamically linked to the application, HMPP can, without recompiling the complete application, use a new accelerator or an improved version of a ].
HMPP directives
HMPP directives allow the remote execution of parts of an application and deal with the data transfer from and to the hardware accelerators.
HMPP directive recognition
There were several scandals of the 2004 Summer Olympics. The most prominent scandals involved banned steroid use and drug testing. In 2004, the Olympics oversaw at least 20 offenses, the most for any Olympic Games. This is accredited to tougher tests rather than an increase in doping. Most of the tests, if proven positive, carried a minimum of a 2-year ban from competition for the athletes involved.
Additionally, scandals arose involving officiating, among other reasons.
Drugs and doping
*Hungarian athlete Robert Fazekas was stripped of his gold medal in the event after failing to produce a sufficiently large urine sample, and then leaving the testing facility early. A number of other allegations of tampering with samples, or using artificial urine machines were never substantiated. The gold medal was then awarded to Virgilijus Alekna of Lithuania. Fazekas's Olympic Record was also erased from all record and consecutively awarded to Alekna (who had also beaten the old Olympic Record). Fazekas's athlete friend Adrian Annus was also stripped of his gold medal after he refused to provide a sample .
Organization and security
Officiating decisions
Others
Additionally, scandals arose involving officiating, among other reasons.
Drugs and doping
*Hungarian athlete Robert Fazekas was stripped of his gold medal in the event after failing to produce a sufficiently large urine sample, and then leaving the testing facility early. A number of other allegations of tampering with samples, or using artificial urine machines were never substantiated. The gold medal was then awarded to Virgilijus Alekna of Lithuania. Fazekas's Olympic Record was also erased from all record and consecutively awarded to Alekna (who had also beaten the old Olympic Record). Fazekas's athlete friend Adrian Annus was also stripped of his gold medal after he refused to provide a sample .
Organization and security
Officiating decisions
Others