Transfer Syntax Notation One (TSN.1) is a formal notation for the definition of data types. A data type is a class of information, for example, a message in a communication protocol.
Introduction
Another well-known notation for similar applications is Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1). TSN.1 is different from ASN.1 in the following way: TSN.1 defines the data directly in terms of its binary representation (transfer syntax), thus capturing both the information bits and the encoding bits of a message in a single notation.
In ASN.1, a message is first defined using abstract types such as Integer and Boolean, or type constructs such as Sequence or Set. The base notation does not specify how the message is encoded. To map the abstract definition into concrete bits (transfer syntax), user chooses from one of the standard ASN.1 encoding rules, for example, the Basic Encoding Rule (BER). Each ASN.1 encoding rule translates the ASN.1 types and type constructs in a standard and uniform way, giving user no control over the final encoding of the data.
ASN.1 does not work for legacy protocols for which the users must retain their existing binary representations. ASN.1 also does not work if users wish to have precise control over the binary representation of their messages, perhaps to save bits in a bandwidth constrained systems such as wireless networks or for some internal data that require proprietary encoding. Although the Encoding Control Notation (ECN) has been added to the ASN.1 standard to alleviate some of these problems, it remains highly impractical to use ASN.1 for this type of data. In some instances, the complexity of applying ECN defeats the purpose of using a formal notation. In other instances, ECN is simply not expressive enough to handle the encoding requirements.
TSN.1 is designed specifically to describe messages that require flexible and custom encodings. It allows users to describe both the information bits and the encoding bits of a message in one notation. Because a message is defined directly in binary, no separate encoding rules is needed.
In terms of expressiveness, it is important to note that all ASN.1 data types can be described in TSN.1 after applying one of the ASN.1 encoding rules. However, it is not always possible to find an equivalent representation in ASN.1 for a TSN.1 data type.
Introduction
Another well-known notation for similar applications is Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1). TSN.1 is different from ASN.1 in the following way: TSN.1 defines the data directly in terms of its binary representation (transfer syntax), thus capturing both the information bits and the encoding bits of a message in a single notation.
In ASN.1, a message is first defined using abstract types such as Integer and Boolean, or type constructs such as Sequence or Set. The base notation does not specify how the message is encoded. To map the abstract definition into concrete bits (transfer syntax), user chooses from one of the standard ASN.1 encoding rules, for example, the Basic Encoding Rule (BER). Each ASN.1 encoding rule translates the ASN.1 types and type constructs in a standard and uniform way, giving user no control over the final encoding of the data.
ASN.1 does not work for legacy protocols for which the users must retain their existing binary representations. ASN.1 also does not work if users wish to have precise control over the binary representation of their messages, perhaps to save bits in a bandwidth constrained systems such as wireless networks or for some internal data that require proprietary encoding. Although the Encoding Control Notation (ECN) has been added to the ASN.1 standard to alleviate some of these problems, it remains highly impractical to use ASN.1 for this type of data. In some instances, the complexity of applying ECN defeats the purpose of using a formal notation. In other instances, ECN is simply not expressive enough to handle the encoding requirements.
TSN.1 is designed specifically to describe messages that require flexible and custom encodings. It allows users to describe both the information bits and the encoding bits of a message in one notation. Because a message is defined directly in binary, no separate encoding rules is needed.
In terms of expressiveness, it is important to note that all ASN.1 data types can be described in TSN.1 after applying one of the ASN.1 encoding rules. However, it is not always possible to find an equivalent representation in ASN.1 for a TSN.1 data type.
Scooter polo is a team sport for 2 or 3 players on each team. As the name suggests all players are mounted on push scooters (such as a or JDBUG and attempt to put a ball (most commonly a hockey or street hockey ball) in the other teams goal using different styles of mallets. The game is believed to have originated as an alternative to Urban Cycle Polo, but a safer, easier game.
The Game
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Scooter polo is played on a rectangular court, with no set dimensions but ideally 20% longer than a basketball court, and the same width. Players use different equipment for their positions, or roles in the game. In a two on two game each team has two different styles of equipment to choose from, one is a long wooden tennis racquet, and the other a one-handed tennis racquet. In three on three matches the teams have an extra choice of mallet, a style similar to that of Urban Cycle Polo mallets. Players can only play the ball if they have one foot on their scooter but a penalty is not enforced if a player steps off his scooter. Players are allowed to hit the ball with their scooter, and goals resulting from this are called "tip-ins" or simply scooter goals. If the ball strikes a player on a foot that is off his scooter a free-hit is awarded against him. Players are allowed to take free hits with both feet off the scooter, or can play-on if they choose. Play is started by a hit backwards to a team-mate.
The Game
]]
Scooter polo is played on a rectangular court, with no set dimensions but ideally 20% longer than a basketball court, and the same width. Players use different equipment for their positions, or roles in the game. In a two on two game each team has two different styles of equipment to choose from, one is a long wooden tennis racquet, and the other a one-handed tennis racquet. In three on three matches the teams have an extra choice of mallet, a style similar to that of Urban Cycle Polo mallets. Players can only play the ball if they have one foot on their scooter but a penalty is not enforced if a player steps off his scooter. Players are allowed to hit the ball with their scooter, and goals resulting from this are called "tip-ins" or simply scooter goals. If the ball strikes a player on a foot that is off his scooter a free-hit is awarded against him. Players are allowed to take free hits with both feet off the scooter, or can play-on if they choose. Play is started by a hit backwards to a team-mate.
The Your Sinclair official top 100 is a list of ZX Spectrum computer games considered by the magazine to be the best ever. It was compiled by Stuart Campbell and published in the October 1991 to February 1992 issues of Your Sinclair.
The list
# 3D Deathchase (Micromega)
# Rebelstar (Firebird)
# All or Nothing (Abbex)
# Stop the Express (Sinclair Research Ltd / Hudson Soft)
# Head Over Heels (Ocean Software)
# R-Type (Activision)
# The Sentinel (Firebird)
# Rainbow Islands (Ocean Software)
# Boulderdash (First Star Software)
# Tornado Low Level (Vortex Software)
# Sim City (Infogrames)
# Carrier Command (Rainbird)
# Chuckie Egg (A & F Software)
# 3D Ant Attack (Quicksilva)
# Lords of Midnight (Beyond Software)
# Elite (Firebird)
# Starquake (Bubble Bus)
# Underwurlde (Ultimate Play The Game)
# Back To Skool (Microsphere)
# Spy vs Spy (Beyond Software)
# Alien (Argonaut Software)
# Chase HQ (Ocean Software)
# The Great Escape (Ocean Software)
# Starstrike II (Realtime Games Software)
# Manic Miner (Bug-Byte)
# Lightforce (FTL Games)
# Super Hang On (Electric Dreams)
# Deactivators (Reaktor)
# Think (Ariolasoft)
# Nebulus (Hewson)
# Lunar Jetman (Ultimate Play The Game)
# Jet Set Willy (Software Projects)
# Knight Lore (Ultimate Play The Game)
# Deus Ex Machina (Automata UK)
# I, Ball 2 (Firebird)
# Cybernoid (Hewson)
# Loderunner (Software Projects)
# Gauntlet (US Gold)
# Mercenary (Novagen)
# Highway Encounter (Vortex Software)
# Fantasy World Dizzy (Codemasters)
# The Hobbit (Melbourne House)
# Midnight Resistance (Ocean Software)
# Rescue (Mastertronic)
# International Match Day (Imagine Software)
# Bobby Bearing (The Edge)
# Antics (Bug-Byte)
# Renegade (Imagine Software)
# Tetris (Mirrorsoft)
# Enduro Racer (Activision)
# Robotron (Atarisoft)
# Jumping Jack (Imagine Software)
# ' (Imagine Software)
# Rastan (Imagine Software)
# Saboteur (Durell Software)
# Bounty Bob Strikes Back (US Gold)
# Dun Darach (Gargoyle Games)
# Operation Wolf (Ocean Software)
# Hyper Sports (Imagine Software)
# Knot In 3D (New Generation Software)
# Eric And The Floaters (Sinclair Research Ltd.)
# Thrust (Firebird)
# Scrabble (Psion)
# Buggy Boy (Elite Systems)
# Batty (Elite Systems)
# ' (Incentive Software)
# The Way of the Exploding Fist (Melbourne House)
# Tapper (US Gold)
# Match Point (Psion)
# G-Force (Euro-Byte)
# Frankie Goes To Hollywood (Ocean Software)
# Hijack (Electric Dreams)
# Popeye (DK 'Tronics)
# Pang (Ocean Software)
# Wriggler (Romantic Robot)
# Three Weeks In Paradise (Mikrogen)
# Gyroscope (Melbourne House)
# Flying Shark (Firebird)
# Atic Atac (Ultimate Play The Game)
# Sir Lancelot (Melbourne House)
# Dark Star (Design Design)
# Hyperaction (Silversoft)
# Football Manager (Alternative Software)
# Technician Ted (Hewson)
# Guardian 2 (Hi-Tec Software)
# Trashman (New Generation Software)
# Codename MAT (Micromega)
# Wheelie (Microsphere)
# Cobra (Ocean Software)
# Bounder (Gremlin Software)
# Avalon (Hewson)
# ' (Imagine Software)
# Gyron (Firebird)
# Robocop (Ocean Software)
# The Train Game (Microsphere)
# Cruising on Broadway (Sunshine Software)
# Mined Out (Quicksilva)
# Pheenix (Megadodo)
# Maziacs (DK'Tronics)
# ZZoom (Imagine Software)
The list
# 3D Deathchase (Micromega)
# Rebelstar (Firebird)
# All or Nothing (Abbex)
# Stop the Express (Sinclair Research Ltd / Hudson Soft)
# Head Over Heels (Ocean Software)
# R-Type (Activision)
# The Sentinel (Firebird)
# Rainbow Islands (Ocean Software)
# Boulderdash (First Star Software)
# Tornado Low Level (Vortex Software)
# Sim City (Infogrames)
# Carrier Command (Rainbird)
# Chuckie Egg (A & F Software)
# 3D Ant Attack (Quicksilva)
# Lords of Midnight (Beyond Software)
# Elite (Firebird)
# Starquake (Bubble Bus)
# Underwurlde (Ultimate Play The Game)
# Back To Skool (Microsphere)
# Spy vs Spy (Beyond Software)
# Alien (Argonaut Software)
# Chase HQ (Ocean Software)
# The Great Escape (Ocean Software)
# Starstrike II (Realtime Games Software)
# Manic Miner (Bug-Byte)
# Lightforce (FTL Games)
# Super Hang On (Electric Dreams)
# Deactivators (Reaktor)
# Think (Ariolasoft)
# Nebulus (Hewson)
# Lunar Jetman (Ultimate Play The Game)
# Jet Set Willy (Software Projects)
# Knight Lore (Ultimate Play The Game)
# Deus Ex Machina (Automata UK)
# I, Ball 2 (Firebird)
# Cybernoid (Hewson)
# Loderunner (Software Projects)
# Gauntlet (US Gold)
# Mercenary (Novagen)
# Highway Encounter (Vortex Software)
# Fantasy World Dizzy (Codemasters)
# The Hobbit (Melbourne House)
# Midnight Resistance (Ocean Software)
# Rescue (Mastertronic)
# International Match Day (Imagine Software)
# Bobby Bearing (The Edge)
# Antics (Bug-Byte)
# Renegade (Imagine Software)
# Tetris (Mirrorsoft)
# Enduro Racer (Activision)
# Robotron (Atarisoft)
# Jumping Jack (Imagine Software)
# ' (Imagine Software)
# Rastan (Imagine Software)
# Saboteur (Durell Software)
# Bounty Bob Strikes Back (US Gold)
# Dun Darach (Gargoyle Games)
# Operation Wolf (Ocean Software)
# Hyper Sports (Imagine Software)
# Knot In 3D (New Generation Software)
# Eric And The Floaters (Sinclair Research Ltd.)
# Thrust (Firebird)
# Scrabble (Psion)
# Buggy Boy (Elite Systems)
# Batty (Elite Systems)
# ' (Incentive Software)
# The Way of the Exploding Fist (Melbourne House)
# Tapper (US Gold)
# Match Point (Psion)
# G-Force (Euro-Byte)
# Frankie Goes To Hollywood (Ocean Software)
# Hijack (Electric Dreams)
# Popeye (DK 'Tronics)
# Pang (Ocean Software)
# Wriggler (Romantic Robot)
# Three Weeks In Paradise (Mikrogen)
# Gyroscope (Melbourne House)
# Flying Shark (Firebird)
# Atic Atac (Ultimate Play The Game)
# Sir Lancelot (Melbourne House)
# Dark Star (Design Design)
# Hyperaction (Silversoft)
# Football Manager (Alternative Software)
# Technician Ted (Hewson)
# Guardian 2 (Hi-Tec Software)
# Trashman (New Generation Software)
# Codename MAT (Micromega)
# Wheelie (Microsphere)
# Cobra (Ocean Software)
# Bounder (Gremlin Software)
# Avalon (Hewson)
# ' (Imagine Software)
# Gyron (Firebird)
# Robocop (Ocean Software)
# The Train Game (Microsphere)
# Cruising on Broadway (Sunshine Software)
# Mined Out (Quicksilva)
# Pheenix (Megadodo)
# Maziacs (DK'Tronics)
# ZZoom (Imagine Software)
The London Super Tower, as it is commonly called, is a proposed supertall skyscraper designed to meet the needs of London's massive population growth.
The Reason
The city of London is currently experiencing massive population growth and is expected to grow by over 800,000 people over the next eight years. With land becoming scarce it's becoming increasingly harder to find new places to construct homes without destroying some of London's parks or historical sites. The London Super Tower would provide housing for 100,000 people, but have a footprint about the size of one subdivision.
The Tower
The Tower is planned to be 1,500 meters (4,500ft) tall and able to house 100,000 people. There will be internal neighborhoods comprised of individual floors, villages made up of 20 floors each, and 3 super-districts. Each floor or "neighborhood" will house approximately 600 people. Each village will encompass about 6,000 people, since only around half the floors will be used as residential space. The rest will be designated as schools, hospitals, shops, offices, and so on.
The building itself will have a cylindrical shape. The walls will have large holes in them that can be used as attractions such as parks, ice skating rinks, tennis courts, outdoor theaters, a botanical garden, etc. These holes will also have the secondary purpose of allowing light into the center of the hollow structure. Every twenty stories this "void" will be broken by a floor that'll provide, "the public square and civic center for each village."
The Tower is planned to be very eco-friendly. Almost all of the water used in the building will be recycled and any of the additional requirements will be met by harvesting water from cloud cover.
The Reason
The city of London is currently experiencing massive population growth and is expected to grow by over 800,000 people over the next eight years. With land becoming scarce it's becoming increasingly harder to find new places to construct homes without destroying some of London's parks or historical sites. The London Super Tower would provide housing for 100,000 people, but have a footprint about the size of one subdivision.
The Tower
The Tower is planned to be 1,500 meters (4,500ft) tall and able to house 100,000 people. There will be internal neighborhoods comprised of individual floors, villages made up of 20 floors each, and 3 super-districts. Each floor or "neighborhood" will house approximately 600 people. Each village will encompass about 6,000 people, since only around half the floors will be used as residential space. The rest will be designated as schools, hospitals, shops, offices, and so on.
The building itself will have a cylindrical shape. The walls will have large holes in them that can be used as attractions such as parks, ice skating rinks, tennis courts, outdoor theaters, a botanical garden, etc. These holes will also have the secondary purpose of allowing light into the center of the hollow structure. Every twenty stories this "void" will be broken by a floor that'll provide, "the public square and civic center for each village."
The Tower is planned to be very eco-friendly. Almost all of the water used in the building will be recycled and any of the additional requirements will be met by harvesting water from cloud cover.