Compound documents are documents that have OLE objects embedded in addition to native text or tables. Examples include MS WORD or PowerPoint documents with embedded Excel, Visio, ChemDraw,
SmartDraw, Jpegs, TIFF, PNG, BMP etc.
Since many documents contain OLE objects, the need to compare the entire document, including OLE objects, is of critical importance to mitigate the risks of undetected and unapproved changes.
Software-based compound document comparison compares the entire document granularly, including the native format, in addition to embedded objects like spreadsheets and images, and creates a third document highlighting modifications through a coded system. Normally this coded system takes the form of color-coding or highlighting the changes granularly. Compound document comparison can be used on any document format including Word, WordPerfect, spreadsheets, PDFs, and PowerPoint. The patent for software-based compound document comparison is held by Litéra Technology LLC.
Methodology
Software-based compound document comparison first separates and compares the native format in two documents. Second, compound document comparison compares all embedded objects by first marking their original place, and then comparing the objects granularly in their native form. As an example, this may include comparison on a cell by cell basis for Excel objects and pixel by pixel basis for image objects. Once the changes are highlighted on the embedded object, it is placed back into the document using the aforementioned markers.
Benefits
Greater accuracy is achieved when changes to both text and embedded objects are compared on a pixel by pixel basis with software-based compound document comparison tools. Risks associated with manual user review of changes in embedded objects are eliminated using software-based compound document comparison tools.
Manual review of embedded objects such as Excel tables in a complex word processing document is not only tedious but also a potential drain on productivity. As an example, an embedded Excel sheet may take 30 minutes to manually detect all the changes while software based comparison may take seconds.
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SmartDraw, Jpegs, TIFF, PNG, BMP etc.
Since many documents contain OLE objects, the need to compare the entire document, including OLE objects, is of critical importance to mitigate the risks of undetected and unapproved changes.
Software-based compound document comparison compares the entire document granularly, including the native format, in addition to embedded objects like spreadsheets and images, and creates a third document highlighting modifications through a coded system. Normally this coded system takes the form of color-coding or highlighting the changes granularly. Compound document comparison can be used on any document format including Word, WordPerfect, spreadsheets, PDFs, and PowerPoint. The patent for software-based compound document comparison is held by Litéra Technology LLC.
Methodology
Software-based compound document comparison first separates and compares the native format in two documents. Second, compound document comparison compares all embedded objects by first marking their original place, and then comparing the objects granularly in their native form. As an example, this may include comparison on a cell by cell basis for Excel objects and pixel by pixel basis for image objects. Once the changes are highlighted on the embedded object, it is placed back into the document using the aforementioned markers.
Benefits
Greater accuracy is achieved when changes to both text and embedded objects are compared on a pixel by pixel basis with software-based compound document comparison tools. Risks associated with manual user review of changes in embedded objects are eliminated using software-based compound document comparison tools.
Manual review of embedded objects such as Excel tables in a complex word processing document is not only tedious but also a potential drain on productivity. As an example, an embedded Excel sheet may take 30 minutes to manually detect all the changes while software based comparison may take seconds.
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Joseph Sigelman is the Chairman and a Director of the Atlantic, Gulf & Pacific Company (http://www.agp.ph),
or AG&P. AG&P is the leading fabrication and modularization company based in Southeast Asia. It modularizes
petroleum refineries, petrochemical plants, power plants, offshore platforms, LNG facilities and mining processing
and refining operations. AG&P is 113 years old. It employs over 5,000 professionals. In 2011, AG&P completed and
shipped 98 modules that comprised the world's first modular coker of its scale and complexity. Earlier, AG&P
delivered a major nickel mining operation in 322 modules. Ongoing projects include liquefaction trains for an LNG
faclity in Australia, modules for a petrochemical plant in the US, electrical modules for an LNG facility, mining
transport systems, further petrochemical plant modules and a floating port, among others. AG&P currently has over
1.5 million square meters of yard space and its two assembly and fabrication yards each sits on a deep-sea port, with
its modules sent to Australasia, North America, Central Asia and the Arabian peninsula. In addition, AG&P's
FieldCOM Division sends integrated teams to complex construction, hook-up and commissioning, operation and
maintenance jobs in the Philippines and around the world. Joe took on his current role in 2011 after DMCI (http://
www. dmciholdings) spun-off AG&P. In 2013, AG&P's FieldCOM Division won the Presidential Award of
Excellence from the Government of the Philippines for its outstanding contributions.
Prior to this, Joe headed PetroTiger (http:/ / www. petrotiger. com), the over 2,400-professional company he
co-founded in 2007. PetroTiger has two areas. Firstly, PetroTiger focuses on the full suite of Engineering,
Procurement and Construction (EPC) services, including conceptual, basic and detailed engineering, project and
construction management and construction. PetroTiger engages in the EPC of petroleum field infrastructure, such as
production facilities (1mm barrels per day in total production built), gas compression and treatment, water treatment
and injection, refinery development and expansion, pipelines and power plants (2,100 MWs built or in progress in
2010). In June 2010, PetroTiger acquired 100% of the equity of Inelectra International, a major EPC provider
serving Latin America and Spain. In 2008, PetroTiger acquired a majority stake in Gomez, Cajiao y Associados, a
40-year old civil engineering firm, engaged in the design and construction supervision of major infrastructure
projects throughout Latin America and the Caribbean, including refineries, central production facilities and other
petroleum surface equipment, roads, railroads, bridges, dams, power plants, pipelines, transportation systems and
water conduits. Secondly, PetroTiger engages in the optimization of oil and gas field production, from reservoir to
pipeline, including services such as testing, pumping, wireline, slickline, perforation, stimulation, coiled tubing and
workover. PetroTiger operates across Colombia, Peru, Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean and in Southeast
Asia. PetroTiger's clients include national oil companies, super-majors, large independent exploration firms, global
mining companies, pipeline operators and local, national and supra-national government authorities.
In 1999, Joe co-founded OfficeTiger, which became a several thousand-professional firm focused on providing
premedia, accounting, research and analytics. legal and actuarial services for large corporations, investment banks
and law firms. Joe served as OfficeTiger’s Co-Chief Executive Officer until its $250 million acquisition in 2006 by
RR Donnelley (NYSE:RRD) and then as its Co-President for a subsequent year. OfficeTiger had 42 locations around
the world, including in New York City, Atlanta, Salt Lake City, India, Sri Lanka, the UK and Poland from which it
executed its services.
Joe previously worked with Goldman Sachs International in London in the Whitehall Street Private Equity Funds.
Originally from New York City, Joe began his career with Lazard Frères. Joe is a graduate with honors of Princeton
University’s Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs and of The Harvard Business School. In
2013, Joe received the Jones Lang LaSalle Expatriate Executive of the Year Award from Asia CEO. He was awarded
one of BusinessWeek Magazine’s 2005 Annual Star of Asia Awards. In 2004, he was cited by Institutional Investor
as one of its 50 top influencers in the finance industry and also received the Jewel of India Award. In 2008, Joe was
named a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum and is a Member of the Council on Foreign Relations.
or AG&P. AG&P is the leading fabrication and modularization company based in Southeast Asia. It modularizes
petroleum refineries, petrochemical plants, power plants, offshore platforms, LNG facilities and mining processing
and refining operations. AG&P is 113 years old. It employs over 5,000 professionals. In 2011, AG&P completed and
shipped 98 modules that comprised the world's first modular coker of its scale and complexity. Earlier, AG&P
delivered a major nickel mining operation in 322 modules. Ongoing projects include liquefaction trains for an LNG
faclity in Australia, modules for a petrochemical plant in the US, electrical modules for an LNG facility, mining
transport systems, further petrochemical plant modules and a floating port, among others. AG&P currently has over
1.5 million square meters of yard space and its two assembly and fabrication yards each sits on a deep-sea port, with
its modules sent to Australasia, North America, Central Asia and the Arabian peninsula. In addition, AG&P's
FieldCOM Division sends integrated teams to complex construction, hook-up and commissioning, operation and
maintenance jobs in the Philippines and around the world. Joe took on his current role in 2011 after DMCI (http://
www. dmciholdings) spun-off AG&P. In 2013, AG&P's FieldCOM Division won the Presidential Award of
Excellence from the Government of the Philippines for its outstanding contributions.
Prior to this, Joe headed PetroTiger (http:/ / www. petrotiger. com), the over 2,400-professional company he
co-founded in 2007. PetroTiger has two areas. Firstly, PetroTiger focuses on the full suite of Engineering,
Procurement and Construction (EPC) services, including conceptual, basic and detailed engineering, project and
construction management and construction. PetroTiger engages in the EPC of petroleum field infrastructure, such as
production facilities (1mm barrels per day in total production built), gas compression and treatment, water treatment
and injection, refinery development and expansion, pipelines and power plants (2,100 MWs built or in progress in
2010). In June 2010, PetroTiger acquired 100% of the equity of Inelectra International, a major EPC provider
serving Latin America and Spain. In 2008, PetroTiger acquired a majority stake in Gomez, Cajiao y Associados, a
40-year old civil engineering firm, engaged in the design and construction supervision of major infrastructure
projects throughout Latin America and the Caribbean, including refineries, central production facilities and other
petroleum surface equipment, roads, railroads, bridges, dams, power plants, pipelines, transportation systems and
water conduits. Secondly, PetroTiger engages in the optimization of oil and gas field production, from reservoir to
pipeline, including services such as testing, pumping, wireline, slickline, perforation, stimulation, coiled tubing and
workover. PetroTiger operates across Colombia, Peru, Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean and in Southeast
Asia. PetroTiger's clients include national oil companies, super-majors, large independent exploration firms, global
mining companies, pipeline operators and local, national and supra-national government authorities.
In 1999, Joe co-founded OfficeTiger, which became a several thousand-professional firm focused on providing
premedia, accounting, research and analytics. legal and actuarial services for large corporations, investment banks
and law firms. Joe served as OfficeTiger’s Co-Chief Executive Officer until its $250 million acquisition in 2006 by
RR Donnelley (NYSE:RRD) and then as its Co-President for a subsequent year. OfficeTiger had 42 locations around
the world, including in New York City, Atlanta, Salt Lake City, India, Sri Lanka, the UK and Poland from which it
executed its services.
Joe previously worked with Goldman Sachs International in London in the Whitehall Street Private Equity Funds.
Originally from New York City, Joe began his career with Lazard Frères. Joe is a graduate with honors of Princeton
University’s Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs and of The Harvard Business School. In
2013, Joe received the Jones Lang LaSalle Expatriate Executive of the Year Award from Asia CEO. He was awarded
one of BusinessWeek Magazine’s 2005 Annual Star of Asia Awards. In 2004, he was cited by Institutional Investor
as one of its 50 top influencers in the finance industry and also received the Jewel of India Award. In 2008, Joe was
named a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum and is a Member of the Council on Foreign Relations.
There have been many misconceptions , myths , stereotypes about African history . A lot of European scholars like Hugh Trevor Roper have denied Africa a history .Hugh Trevor Roper said "Perhaps there will be something to write about African history but currently there is none , there is darkness in Africa and darkness is not a subject of history " He actually denied the fact that Africa has a history . Later on in the 1960s we see a lot of scholars like Jan Vansina coming in and writing about African history. We cant deny a history of Africa because there is no society without a history of its origins . Therefore the question is that what type history was Roper talking about . Yes Africa was a pre literate society by that time so was he considering only the written sources because the Europeans believed that history is only history when it is only in written form .There is need to revisit this concept we see Arthur Marwick defining history is a written past . There is need to differiantite "HISTORY" from the PAST . History is different from the past in the sense that the past are events that have taken place in the past whilst history is now the work of the historian to put it down . In the 1960s we see scholars like Vansina introducing oral sources which is oral tradition. Oral traditions were therefore important in the extraction of African history .
BIBLIOGRAPHY
OGOT
JAN VANSINA ORAL TRADITION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
OGOT
JAN VANSINA ORAL TRADITION
Ereka Vetrini (born 1977) is an American television personality. She was a contestant on the first season of The Apprentice in 2004.
Life and career
Vetrini was born in New York City, New York. She attended Eastchester High School, where she performed theater with Bobby Moynihan, and graduated with honors from Boston College. After graduation, she worked for General Electric's financial management program. She has worked in Hong Kong, Australia, Greece, Spain, Switzerland and England as an internal operations consultant for Estée Lauder. Ereka's most recent corporate job was working as a global promotional marketing manager for Clinique.
Following The Apprentice, Vetrini was one of three hosts for the NBC talk show In the Loop with iVillage. Vetrini also was Tony Danza's sidekick on The Tony Danza Show during its first season.
Ereka is the host of the HGTV program Kidspace, a spokesperson for the TRIA Laser Hair Removal system, and host of Yahoo's Easy Does It.
Ereka married Randy Burkholder on July 28, 2006 at the Brooklyn Botanic Gardens in New York. The couple have a daughter, Joslin, born in 2008 and son, Harris, born in 2010.
Life and career
Vetrini was born in New York City, New York. She attended Eastchester High School, where she performed theater with Bobby Moynihan, and graduated with honors from Boston College. After graduation, she worked for General Electric's financial management program. She has worked in Hong Kong, Australia, Greece, Spain, Switzerland and England as an internal operations consultant for Estée Lauder. Ereka's most recent corporate job was working as a global promotional marketing manager for Clinique.
Following The Apprentice, Vetrini was one of three hosts for the NBC talk show In the Loop with iVillage. Vetrini also was Tony Danza's sidekick on The Tony Danza Show during its first season.
Ereka is the host of the HGTV program Kidspace, a spokesperson for the TRIA Laser Hair Removal system, and host of Yahoo's Easy Does It.
Ereka married Randy Burkholder on July 28, 2006 at the Brooklyn Botanic Gardens in New York. The couple have a daughter, Joslin, born in 2008 and son, Harris, born in 2010.