SLUBStick is a Linux kernel exploit technique. It can allow an attacker to elevate a limited heap vulnerability to an arbitrary memory read/write access. This can be leveraged for privilege escalation and container escapes, even with modern defences enabled.
Discovery
SLUBStick was discovered by Lukas Maar, Stefan Gast, Martin Unterguggenberger, Mathias Oberhuber, and Stefan Mangard, Graz University of Technology, and first presented at USENIX 2024 symposium.
Vulnerable platforms
The technique is demonstrated on Linux kernel versions 5.19 and 6.2 on the x86_64 and x86 platform, but is assumed to be possible in all Linux versions on those platforms. Also Linux kernels running on virtual machines on those platforms are considered vulnerable.
Further reading
* SLUBStick demonstration code
* Anatomy of the SLUBStick technique
* SLUBStick explained
Discovery
SLUBStick was discovered by Lukas Maar, Stefan Gast, Martin Unterguggenberger, Mathias Oberhuber, and Stefan Mangard, Graz University of Technology, and first presented at USENIX 2024 symposium.
Vulnerable platforms
The technique is demonstrated on Linux kernel versions 5.19 and 6.2 on the x86_64 and x86 platform, but is assumed to be possible in all Linux versions on those platforms. Also Linux kernels running on virtual machines on those platforms are considered vulnerable.
Further reading
* SLUBStick demonstration code
* Anatomy of the SLUBStick technique
* SLUBStick explained
A real defense is a justification for a maker or drawer not to honor a negotiable instrument even if it has been transferred to a holder in due course (or "HDC") because it makes the instrument “void” according to Uniform Commercial Code §3-305 comment 1, thus the defense can't be "cut off" by the transfer to an HDC. Contrast this with personal defenses (such as failure of consideration), which cannot protect the maker against the claims by an HDC.
Ten types of real defenses depending upon state law
1. Fraud inducing obligor to sign instrument without a reasonable opportunity to learn of its fraudulent character or essential terms (also known as “(fraud in the factum”); this depends upon consideration of “all relevant factors”;
2. forgery of a necessary signature;
3. adjudicated insanity which renders the instrument void;
4. material alteration of the instrument, such as the amount;
5. infancy which renders the instrument voidable or void;
6. illegality which renders the instrument void;
7. duress at the time of making the instrument;
8. discharge of obligor in insolvency proceedings, or any discharge known to the HDC;
9. a suretyship defense, such as the holder knew an indorser was signing as a surety or accommodation party;
10. statute of limitation (generally 3 years after dishonor of a draft or 6 years after demand or other due date on a note).
Ten types of real defenses depending upon state law
1. Fraud inducing obligor to sign instrument without a reasonable opportunity to learn of its fraudulent character or essential terms (also known as “(fraud in the factum”); this depends upon consideration of “all relevant factors”;
2. forgery of a necessary signature;
3. adjudicated insanity which renders the instrument void;
4. material alteration of the instrument, such as the amount;
5. infancy which renders the instrument voidable or void;
6. illegality which renders the instrument void;
7. duress at the time of making the instrument;
8. discharge of obligor in insolvency proceedings, or any discharge known to the HDC;
9. a suretyship defense, such as the holder knew an indorser was signing as a surety or accommodation party;
10. statute of limitation (generally 3 years after dishonor of a draft or 6 years after demand or other due date on a note).
Thomas Petrovski (, born 7 June 2007) is an Australian Macedonian professional football player who plays as a forward for Rockdale Ilinden FC in the . He began his youth career in Australia before moving to Europe to further his football development.
Early life
Petrovski was born in Sydney, Australia, and grew up in Kogarah, a suburb of South East Sydney. Coming from a Macedonian family, his cultural roots have influenced his footballing journey. He showed promise as a forward from a young age, developing his skills in local youth academies.
Youth career
Rockdale Ilinden FC
Petrovski began his football career in 2013 by joining the youth setup at Rockdale Ilinden FC, a semi-professional club based in New South Wales. He spent nine years with the club, competing in youth competitions and gaining valuable experience in the Australian football system..
Brooke House Football Academy
After his time at Rockdale Ilinden FC, he attended Brooke House College Football Academy in Market Harborough during the 2022/23 season. The academy participates in various cup competitions, including ISFA, ESFA, and County Cups. His performances there attracted the attention of European clubs.
S.S Turris Calcio
On 22 September 2023, Petrovski signed his first professional youth contract with SS Turris Calcio. SS Turris Calcio compete in . The club is located in Torre Del Greco, a town in the Naples metropolitan area.
International career
Petrovski is eligible to represent either Australia or Macedonia due to his dual heritage. His future prospects at the international level may depend on his ongoing performances in Italy.
Playing style
Primarily a forward, Petrovski is quick, creative, and hard-working right-footed forward with good technique, who is capable both of creating and scoring goals, due to his opportunism and shooting accuracy, as well as his vision and passing ability. He is capable of playing several offensive positions, either on the right or through the centre of the pitch, and is usually deployed in a supporting role, as a , as a , or as an attacking midfielder, although he has also been fielded as a or as a . Coaches at both Brooke House College Football Academy and SS Turris Calcio have noted his work ethic and potential.
Honours
Rockdale Ilinden FC
* U20's Premiers: 2024
Personal life
Petrovski maintains close ties with his Macedonian heritage, which plays a significant role in his identity as a player. He credits his family for their ongoing support throughout his football journey. He is the great-grandson of Macedonian poet Dimitar Bashevski.
Early life
Petrovski was born in Sydney, Australia, and grew up in Kogarah, a suburb of South East Sydney. Coming from a Macedonian family, his cultural roots have influenced his footballing journey. He showed promise as a forward from a young age, developing his skills in local youth academies.
Youth career
Rockdale Ilinden FC
Petrovski began his football career in 2013 by joining the youth setup at Rockdale Ilinden FC, a semi-professional club based in New South Wales. He spent nine years with the club, competing in youth competitions and gaining valuable experience in the Australian football system..
Brooke House Football Academy
After his time at Rockdale Ilinden FC, he attended Brooke House College Football Academy in Market Harborough during the 2022/23 season. The academy participates in various cup competitions, including ISFA, ESFA, and County Cups. His performances there attracted the attention of European clubs.
S.S Turris Calcio
On 22 September 2023, Petrovski signed his first professional youth contract with SS Turris Calcio. SS Turris Calcio compete in . The club is located in Torre Del Greco, a town in the Naples metropolitan area.
International career
Petrovski is eligible to represent either Australia or Macedonia due to his dual heritage. His future prospects at the international level may depend on his ongoing performances in Italy.
Playing style
Primarily a forward, Petrovski is quick, creative, and hard-working right-footed forward with good technique, who is capable both of creating and scoring goals, due to his opportunism and shooting accuracy, as well as his vision and passing ability. He is capable of playing several offensive positions, either on the right or through the centre of the pitch, and is usually deployed in a supporting role, as a , as a , or as an attacking midfielder, although he has also been fielded as a or as a . Coaches at both Brooke House College Football Academy and SS Turris Calcio have noted his work ethic and potential.
Honours
Rockdale Ilinden FC
* U20's Premiers: 2024
Personal life
Petrovski maintains close ties with his Macedonian heritage, which plays a significant role in his identity as a player. He credits his family for their ongoing support throughout his football journey. He is the great-grandson of Macedonian poet Dimitar Bashevski.
On January 2, 2025, an aviation incident occurred near Fullerton Municipal Airport in California when a kit aircraft crashed into and through the roof of a furniture manufacturing warehouse facility, resulting in two fatalities, at least nineteen injuries, and a subsequent four-alarm fire. The incident necessitated a large-scale emergency response and the evacuation of numerous warehouse occupants.
Background
On November 25, 2024, less than two months prior to the January crash, a small aircraft crashed into a tree located in the 2400 block of Artesia Avenue, approximately one block from the January 2025 crash site. The November crash resulted in no serious injuries.
Aircraft
The aircraft involved was a , described by the National Transportation Safety Board as a four-seat, single-engine, low-wing homebuilt aircraft, part of a series of popular kit-built aircraft manufactured by Van's Aircraft. Kit-built aircraft undergo mandatory Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspection before receiving flight clearance.
The pilot and his 16-year-old daughter were killed in the crash. A total of nineteen individuals on the ground were injured in the crash. Eleven individuals on the ground required hospitalization, while eight others were treated at the scene.
Response
The Fullerton Police Department received its first report of the crash at 2:09 PM PST. Emergency responders evacuated more than 100 occupants from the warehouse following the crash.<ref name":0" /><ref name":1" /> Police also ordered immediate evacuation procedures for the surrounding areas.<ref name=":2" />
The Fullerton Fire Department responded to the four-alarm fire outbreak. Building inspectors subsequently red-tagged the warehouse, prohibiting reentry due to structural concerns.<ref name=":2" />
Investigation
The Federal Aviation Administration and National Transportation Safety Board initiated an investigation immediately following the crash. NTSB investigator Elliott Simpson led the preliminary investigation, noting the kit aircraft type's generally reliable service history.<ref name=":2" />
Background
On November 25, 2024, less than two months prior to the January crash, a small aircraft crashed into a tree located in the 2400 block of Artesia Avenue, approximately one block from the January 2025 crash site. The November crash resulted in no serious injuries.
Aircraft
The aircraft involved was a , described by the National Transportation Safety Board as a four-seat, single-engine, low-wing homebuilt aircraft, part of a series of popular kit-built aircraft manufactured by Van's Aircraft. Kit-built aircraft undergo mandatory Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspection before receiving flight clearance.
The pilot and his 16-year-old daughter were killed in the crash. A total of nineteen individuals on the ground were injured in the crash. Eleven individuals on the ground required hospitalization, while eight others were treated at the scene.
Response
The Fullerton Police Department received its first report of the crash at 2:09 PM PST. Emergency responders evacuated more than 100 occupants from the warehouse following the crash.<ref name":0" /><ref name":1" /> Police also ordered immediate evacuation procedures for the surrounding areas.<ref name=":2" />
The Fullerton Fire Department responded to the four-alarm fire outbreak. Building inspectors subsequently red-tagged the warehouse, prohibiting reentry due to structural concerns.<ref name=":2" />
Investigation
The Federal Aviation Administration and National Transportation Safety Board initiated an investigation immediately following the crash. NTSB investigator Elliott Simpson led the preliminary investigation, noting the kit aircraft type's generally reliable service history.<ref name=":2" />