‘’’Whole-Earth decompression dynamics theory’’’ by J. Marvin Herndon proposes to unify in a self-consistent manner the two previous, dominant, but seemingly disparate, geodynamic theories, plate tectonics theory and expanding Earth theory.
Historical background
In 1933, Otto Hilgenberg imagined that initially the Earth was smaller in diameter, without oceans, and that the continents formed a uniform shell of matter covering the entire surface of the planet. Hilgenberg’s idea was that the Earth subsequently expanded, fragmenting the uniform shell of matter into the continents, and creating ocean basins in between. His concept became the basis for expanding Earth theory. Hilgenberg spent the rest of his life making impressive model globes, writing, and lecturing on the subject, thus attracting others, such as S. Warren Carey (1911-2002), who built upon the idea and helped to promote it But there are serious problems related to lack of energy source and the age of the ocean floors.
Plate tectonics theory, developed in the 1960s, describes well certain features of the ocean floor, but it also lacks an energy source. Moreover, in plate tectonics theory, convection is assumed to take place in the mantle as solid-state flow instead of liquid-state flow, although there is no indication at the Earth’s surface of the formation of convection cells. Indeed, decades of research has yet to find any direct, unambiguous evidence of mantle convection; even seismic imaging may have a different interpretation. Like any theory, plate tectonics theory is open to question.
Whole Earth decompression dynamics
Whole-Earth decompression theory by J. Marvin Herndon is the consequence of Earth formation from within a Jupiter-like proto-planet with subsequent loss of gases and ices and concomitant rebounding. The initial whole-Earth decompression is expected to result in a global system of major primary decompression cracks appearing in the rigid crust which persist as the basalt feeders for the global, mid-oceanic ridge system. As the Earth subsequently decompresses, the area of the Earth’s surface increases by the formation of secondary decompression cracks, often located near the continental margins, presently identified as oceanic trenches. These secondary decompression cracks are subsequently in-filled with basalt, extruded from the mid-oceanic ridges, which traverses the ocean floor by gravitational creep, ultimately plunging into secondary decompression cracks, emulating subduction. Much of the evidence presented in support of plate tectonics supports Whole-Earth decompression dynamics, but without necessitating mantle convection/circulation or basalt recycling. Moreover, unlike in Earth expansion theory, the timescale for Earth decompression is not constrained to the last 200 million years, the maximum age of the current ocean floor]]]]..
Historical background
In 1933, Otto Hilgenberg imagined that initially the Earth was smaller in diameter, without oceans, and that the continents formed a uniform shell of matter covering the entire surface of the planet. Hilgenberg’s idea was that the Earth subsequently expanded, fragmenting the uniform shell of matter into the continents, and creating ocean basins in between. His concept became the basis for expanding Earth theory. Hilgenberg spent the rest of his life making impressive model globes, writing, and lecturing on the subject, thus attracting others, such as S. Warren Carey (1911-2002), who built upon the idea and helped to promote it But there are serious problems related to lack of energy source and the age of the ocean floors.
Plate tectonics theory, developed in the 1960s, describes well certain features of the ocean floor, but it also lacks an energy source. Moreover, in plate tectonics theory, convection is assumed to take place in the mantle as solid-state flow instead of liquid-state flow, although there is no indication at the Earth’s surface of the formation of convection cells. Indeed, decades of research has yet to find any direct, unambiguous evidence of mantle convection; even seismic imaging may have a different interpretation. Like any theory, plate tectonics theory is open to question.
Whole Earth decompression dynamics
Whole-Earth decompression theory by J. Marvin Herndon is the consequence of Earth formation from within a Jupiter-like proto-planet with subsequent loss of gases and ices and concomitant rebounding. The initial whole-Earth decompression is expected to result in a global system of major primary decompression cracks appearing in the rigid crust which persist as the basalt feeders for the global, mid-oceanic ridge system. As the Earth subsequently decompresses, the area of the Earth’s surface increases by the formation of secondary decompression cracks, often located near the continental margins, presently identified as oceanic trenches. These secondary decompression cracks are subsequently in-filled with basalt, extruded from the mid-oceanic ridges, which traverses the ocean floor by gravitational creep, ultimately plunging into secondary decompression cracks, emulating subduction. Much of the evidence presented in support of plate tectonics supports Whole-Earth decompression dynamics, but without necessitating mantle convection/circulation or basalt recycling. Moreover, unlike in Earth expansion theory, the timescale for Earth decompression is not constrained to the last 200 million years, the maximum age of the current ocean floor]]]]..
Kirfrisbean
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Kirfrisbean is a game involving a standard Frisbee, and played on a football field. It was created in 2006 by Mike Facchin and Joe Kirby.
Origin
The game was created during a standard Frisbee section. Both Mike Facchin and Joe Kirby are extremely competitive with one another, and wanted a way to make a 1v1 game of Frisbee more of a win/lose game.
The Game
The game is played on a foot ball field, where both players have 25 yards on each side. Of the total 50 yards, the 10 yards in the middle consist of a 'dead-zone', where the Frisbee cannot be caught. The object of the game is to throw the Frisbee, and have it land on the other person's zone. Throwing the Frisbee into the other person's zone and having them not be able to catch it, results in a point for the thrower. Only throws that remain anywhere from 100% to 70% parallel to the ground will be counted as a point for the thrower.
If the thrower throws out of the active zone of the other player, or throws something that is less than 70% parallel to the ground, (known as a slicer) the person receiving the Frisbee gains a point.
First to seven points win.
To determine who throws the first Frisbee, the Frisbee is treated just as a coin toss, where the players call heads or tails.
Impact
Kirfrisbean is played by many people in Hazlet, New Jersey.
Controversy
There is often a heated debate with who created the game of Kirfrisbean, with Joe Kirby often calling it "Kirfrisbee", However, the two have since agreed on the name Kirfrisbean.
Health Benefits
Kirfrisbean benefits physical fitness greatly. For example, the fast-flying Frisbee includes use of sensory receptors, which are specialized neurons or epithelial cells that exist singly or in groups with other cell types within sensory organs, such as the eyes and ears.
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Kirfrisbean is a game involving a standard Frisbee, and played on a football field. It was created in 2006 by Mike Facchin and Joe Kirby.
Origin
The game was created during a standard Frisbee section. Both Mike Facchin and Joe Kirby are extremely competitive with one another, and wanted a way to make a 1v1 game of Frisbee more of a win/lose game.
The Game
The game is played on a foot ball field, where both players have 25 yards on each side. Of the total 50 yards, the 10 yards in the middle consist of a 'dead-zone', where the Frisbee cannot be caught. The object of the game is to throw the Frisbee, and have it land on the other person's zone. Throwing the Frisbee into the other person's zone and having them not be able to catch it, results in a point for the thrower. Only throws that remain anywhere from 100% to 70% parallel to the ground will be counted as a point for the thrower.
If the thrower throws out of the active zone of the other player, or throws something that is less than 70% parallel to the ground, (known as a slicer) the person receiving the Frisbee gains a point.
First to seven points win.
To determine who throws the first Frisbee, the Frisbee is treated just as a coin toss, where the players call heads or tails.
Impact
Kirfrisbean is played by many people in Hazlet, New Jersey.
Controversy
There is often a heated debate with who created the game of Kirfrisbean, with Joe Kirby often calling it "Kirfrisbee", However, the two have since agreed on the name Kirfrisbean.
Health Benefits
Kirfrisbean benefits physical fitness greatly. For example, the fast-flying Frisbee includes use of sensory receptors, which are specialized neurons or epithelial cells that exist singly or in groups with other cell types within sensory organs, such as the eyes and ears.
Ovidiu-Mihai Ionel (born January 2, 1986) is a Romanian musician and theatre writer, known best for his lyrical play “The Bridge” and also for his strange views in music. Ionel won three Literature Awards in Romania for articles regarding discrimination and for the article “Once upon a time, the Romanian Dream for U.S.”
Early career
Ionel was born in Bucharest, Romania, the son of Doru, a respected musician and actor, and Nicoleta Ionel, an economist. He grew up in Romania until 1990. Moved to Denmark for 4 years. He came back to Romania, and started to study Industrial Mechanics, music and theatre. Ionel spent all his free time in the opera house, at theatre or listening to George Enescu Philharmonic Orchestra. In high school, the 10th grade he was expelled for his views regarding the remnant communist teachers after the fall of Ceausescu. He wrote his first play, “The Red Bridge” and fled to Great Britain to study music improvisation and theatre. At the end of the first year he didn’t want to participate to any exams, and wrote a 20 minutes musical to express the nonsense teachers are teaching children these days. He got back to Romania to finish the high school, and worked with musicians like Nicolae Georoiu, best known for his work with Andrew Lloyd Webber Orchestra. Ionel tried to study a few instruments - especially alto saxophone, but he didn’t have patience for them, and he engaged in training teenagers to sing his music and also to write music. He started to study different dance styles, and since 2007 works as a choreographer and dancer.
Musical influences
Ionel’s music is often described as sad or depressing. In a few interviews he said that he is very influenced by the life in the city, the cars, air pollution, human problems.
Works
Ovidiu wrote four theatre plays, until the age of 20 (“The Red Bridge”, “The Elevator”, “The Rain” and “The Bridge” with music by George Baicea) “The Bridge” has been played for 6 months in Bucharest where he was cast in the first role, and also 4 representations in Manchester. He is now working with two projects: a musical called “The Clouds Adventure”, a child drama, whose innocence is stolen by the city and a play called “Have you ever tasted the sky?” with music by George Baicea, about how media is controlling our life, and how easy is to be free.
Criticism
According to some teachers from the University of Manchester, Ionel's "music origins and lack of training raised doubts he can write a musical - often considered a would-be composer who can’t read music”. Ionel stated that he worked over 14 hours a day, seven days a week, to write the musical: "I won’t sit back and allow myself to be discredited for the work I did by an asshole who thinks a composer can be trained only in a conservatory.”
Reference
Ovidiu M. Ionel biography and the award winning articles Ovidiu M. Ionel Nicolae Georoiu biography
Early career
Ionel was born in Bucharest, Romania, the son of Doru, a respected musician and actor, and Nicoleta Ionel, an economist. He grew up in Romania until 1990. Moved to Denmark for 4 years. He came back to Romania, and started to study Industrial Mechanics, music and theatre. Ionel spent all his free time in the opera house, at theatre or listening to George Enescu Philharmonic Orchestra. In high school, the 10th grade he was expelled for his views regarding the remnant communist teachers after the fall of Ceausescu. He wrote his first play, “The Red Bridge” and fled to Great Britain to study music improvisation and theatre. At the end of the first year he didn’t want to participate to any exams, and wrote a 20 minutes musical to express the nonsense teachers are teaching children these days. He got back to Romania to finish the high school, and worked with musicians like Nicolae Georoiu, best known for his work with Andrew Lloyd Webber Orchestra. Ionel tried to study a few instruments - especially alto saxophone, but he didn’t have patience for them, and he engaged in training teenagers to sing his music and also to write music. He started to study different dance styles, and since 2007 works as a choreographer and dancer.
Musical influences
Ionel’s music is often described as sad or depressing. In a few interviews he said that he is very influenced by the life in the city, the cars, air pollution, human problems.
Works
Ovidiu wrote four theatre plays, until the age of 20 (“The Red Bridge”, “The Elevator”, “The Rain” and “The Bridge” with music by George Baicea) “The Bridge” has been played for 6 months in Bucharest where he was cast in the first role, and also 4 representations in Manchester. He is now working with two projects: a musical called “The Clouds Adventure”, a child drama, whose innocence is stolen by the city and a play called “Have you ever tasted the sky?” with music by George Baicea, about how media is controlling our life, and how easy is to be free.
Criticism
According to some teachers from the University of Manchester, Ionel's "music origins and lack of training raised doubts he can write a musical - often considered a would-be composer who can’t read music”. Ionel stated that he worked over 14 hours a day, seven days a week, to write the musical: "I won’t sit back and allow myself to be discredited for the work I did by an asshole who thinks a composer can be trained only in a conservatory.”
Reference
Ovidiu M. Ionel biography and the award winning articles Ovidiu M. Ionel Nicolae Georoiu biography
In the past, light rail service has been proposed for the city of Albany, New York. It was originally planned to connect the cities of Saratoga and Albany. That plan has now been eliminated for a more easily implemented route. The GO team has now eliminated the Light Rail plan for a Heavy Rail plan.
Proposed service
The light rail service would connect the Rensselaer Rail Station with downtown Albany and the Albany International Airport. In between those hubs, it would connect the Empire State Plaza, Albany Medical Center, the State Capitol, the Hudson Riverfront, the Harriman Campus, the University at Albany, Sematech, the bus station, the convention center, and the Times Union Center. After Phase 1 is completed, another phase connecting Queensbury, Saratoga, Troy and Schenectady will be constructed. Service may not be available to all above locations. Date of proposed service is unknown.
Recently, an alternative to light rail, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), has been adopted instead. It will travel along NY Route 5 (State Street/Central Avenue), between downtown Schenectady and downtown Albany. The reasoning is the lower construction and operating costs of BRT makes it much more cost-effective than light rail. The downside is that the light rail would probably carry more passengers. Albany officials are debating over light rail service to BRT. Albany will most likely get light rail service by the end of 2008.
Proposed service
The light rail service would connect the Rensselaer Rail Station with downtown Albany and the Albany International Airport. In between those hubs, it would connect the Empire State Plaza, Albany Medical Center, the State Capitol, the Hudson Riverfront, the Harriman Campus, the University at Albany, Sematech, the bus station, the convention center, and the Times Union Center. After Phase 1 is completed, another phase connecting Queensbury, Saratoga, Troy and Schenectady will be constructed. Service may not be available to all above locations. Date of proposed service is unknown.
Recently, an alternative to light rail, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), has been adopted instead. It will travel along NY Route 5 (State Street/Central Avenue), between downtown Schenectady and downtown Albany. The reasoning is the lower construction and operating costs of BRT makes it much more cost-effective than light rail. The downside is that the light rail would probably carry more passengers. Albany officials are debating over light rail service to BRT. Albany will most likely get light rail service by the end of 2008.