Ummah.com, formerly known as the Islamic Gateway, is a website best known for the Ummah Forum, a large English internet forum for Muslims. As of June 2013 the forum has over 70,000 members.
Ummah.com is based in the UK, as are the majority of its voluntary contributors and active forum users. The Ummah forum membership is mainly composed of Muslims of Pakistani and Indian origin residing in the United Kingdom.
History
Islamic Gateway
The Islamic Gateway was founded in 1996 by a high school student with a shared hosting account from the now-defunct UK-based web host Virtual-PC. By posting the FTP username and password for their hosting account on several Muslim mailing lists the Islamic Gateway encouraged users to put their own Islamic content online, effectively providing free web hosting without adverts.
Rebranding as Ummah.com
After obtaining the Ummah.com domain name in late 2001, Waha Media Limited, a not-for-profit company formed by the administrators of the Islamic Gateway, decided to rebrand the site as Ummah.com. A new homepage was designed from scratch, making use of a bespoke content management system programmed using PHP and mySQL.
Ummah Chat
Ummah.com has had a chat room for as long as its Internet forum. After the move to a dedicated server, the chat room ran on the Java application DigiChat. The chat room was closed in late 2005 due to a lack of server resources caused by the popularity of the Ummah Forum.
Use of FreeBSD
Although Ummah.com has been through several changes of webserver hardware, it has, due to the insistence of its system administrator, always used FreeBSD as its operating system. It did, however, operate a second webserver running Red Hat Linux, hosted by the European firm , for a brief period in 2002. The Ummah Forum was moved to the second webserver as Ummah.com's primary webserver at the time was unable to handle its large number of visitors. The second webserver was retired later in the year, when Ummah.com leased a more powerful dedicated server.
Ummah Forum
Soon after the launch of Islamic Gateway, the site's administrators opened a forum based on the then-popular Perl CGI script DCForum. DCForum was replaced with phpBB when the site moved to a dedicated server. As the forum grew, phpBB was replaced with vBulletin when the latter was requested by the forum's voluntary moderators for its ease-of-use and functionality.
Ummah Radio
Ummah Radio, an Internet radio station, was launched in early 2006 by Ummah.com. The majority of the station's presenters are supplied by Ummah.com. Listeners, who contribute via the Ummah Forum, have considerable say in the running of the station. The majority of airtime is taken by Nasheeds, Qur'an audio and talk shows.
Sun Article
In January 2009 the British tabloid The Sun published an article claiming Ummah.com contained a 'hit list' of British Jews. It later emerged that the journalist responsible for the article, Glen Jenvey, had fabricated the claim by posting the 'hit list' to Ummah.com himself. The issue was investigated by the Press Complaints Commission and The Sun newspaper was ordered to publish an apology.
Ummah.com is based in the UK, as are the majority of its voluntary contributors and active forum users. The Ummah forum membership is mainly composed of Muslims of Pakistani and Indian origin residing in the United Kingdom.
History
Islamic Gateway
The Islamic Gateway was founded in 1996 by a high school student with a shared hosting account from the now-defunct UK-based web host Virtual-PC. By posting the FTP username and password for their hosting account on several Muslim mailing lists the Islamic Gateway encouraged users to put their own Islamic content online, effectively providing free web hosting without adverts.
Rebranding as Ummah.com
After obtaining the Ummah.com domain name in late 2001, Waha Media Limited, a not-for-profit company formed by the administrators of the Islamic Gateway, decided to rebrand the site as Ummah.com. A new homepage was designed from scratch, making use of a bespoke content management system programmed using PHP and mySQL.
Ummah Chat
Ummah.com has had a chat room for as long as its Internet forum. After the move to a dedicated server, the chat room ran on the Java application DigiChat. The chat room was closed in late 2005 due to a lack of server resources caused by the popularity of the Ummah Forum.
Use of FreeBSD
Although Ummah.com has been through several changes of webserver hardware, it has, due to the insistence of its system administrator, always used FreeBSD as its operating system. It did, however, operate a second webserver running Red Hat Linux, hosted by the European firm , for a brief period in 2002. The Ummah Forum was moved to the second webserver as Ummah.com's primary webserver at the time was unable to handle its large number of visitors. The second webserver was retired later in the year, when Ummah.com leased a more powerful dedicated server.
Ummah Forum
Soon after the launch of Islamic Gateway, the site's administrators opened a forum based on the then-popular Perl CGI script DCForum. DCForum was replaced with phpBB when the site moved to a dedicated server. As the forum grew, phpBB was replaced with vBulletin when the latter was requested by the forum's voluntary moderators for its ease-of-use and functionality.
Ummah Radio
Ummah Radio, an Internet radio station, was launched in early 2006 by Ummah.com. The majority of the station's presenters are supplied by Ummah.com. Listeners, who contribute via the Ummah Forum, have considerable say in the running of the station. The majority of airtime is taken by Nasheeds, Qur'an audio and talk shows.
Sun Article
In January 2009 the British tabloid The Sun published an article claiming Ummah.com contained a 'hit list' of British Jews. It later emerged that the journalist responsible for the article, Glen Jenvey, had fabricated the claim by posting the 'hit list' to Ummah.com himself. The issue was investigated by the Press Complaints Commission and The Sun newspaper was ordered to publish an apology.
Nilam Parikh was the daughter of Rani, the daughter of Harilal Mohandas Gandhi who is the eldest son of Mahatma Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.She born in 1933.
Writer of Biography
She wrote the biography of Harilal in the name Gandhiji's Lost Jewel:Harilal Gandhi. The book tells about the troubled relationship between Harilal Gandhi and his father Mahatma Gandhi.
Own Family
Nilam Farikh has one son named Sameer. He is a eye surgeon, runs his own private practice in Navsari, Gujarat. He has three children.
Poured the ashes of Gandhi
On 30 January 2008, Gandhi's 60th death anniversary, his great-grand daughter Nilam Parikh poured the ashes into the Arabian Sea, Mumbai.
Reference
Writer of Biography
She wrote the biography of Harilal in the name Gandhiji's Lost Jewel:Harilal Gandhi. The book tells about the troubled relationship between Harilal Gandhi and his father Mahatma Gandhi.
Own Family
Nilam Farikh has one son named Sameer. He is a eye surgeon, runs his own private practice in Navsari, Gujarat. He has three children.
Poured the ashes of Gandhi
On 30 January 2008, Gandhi's 60th death anniversary, his great-grand daughter Nilam Parikh poured the ashes into the Arabian Sea, Mumbai.
Reference
London Buses route 99 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, England. Running between Bexleyheath and Woolwich Arsenal station, it is operated by Stagecoach London.
History
At the time of the formation of the London Passenger Transport Board in 1933, route 99 was an established service between Woolwich and Erith via Belvedere and Plumstead.
On 24 January 1970, the route was converted to one man operation with the AEC Routemasters replaced by AEC Merlins, before being converted back to double deck operation on 10 November 1974 with Daimler Fleetlines. On 13 January 1979, it was extended from Erith to Slade Green, before reverting to its previous route on 2 November 1985.
Upon being tendered, route 99 passed to Bexleybus' Bexleyheath garage on 16 January 1988. When next tendered, it passed to London Central on 19 January 1991. Stagecoach London successfully tendered to operate the route from its Plumstead garage from 23 January 1999 with single deck buses introduced.
Stagecoach London commenced a further contracts on 24 January 2004 and 22 January 2011 with double deckers buses reintroduced.
Current route
*Bexleyheath
*Slade Green station
*Erith
*Plumstead
*Woolwich Arsenal station
History
At the time of the formation of the London Passenger Transport Board in 1933, route 99 was an established service between Woolwich and Erith via Belvedere and Plumstead.
On 24 January 1970, the route was converted to one man operation with the AEC Routemasters replaced by AEC Merlins, before being converted back to double deck operation on 10 November 1974 with Daimler Fleetlines. On 13 January 1979, it was extended from Erith to Slade Green, before reverting to its previous route on 2 November 1985.
Upon being tendered, route 99 passed to Bexleybus' Bexleyheath garage on 16 January 1988. When next tendered, it passed to London Central on 19 January 1991. Stagecoach London successfully tendered to operate the route from its Plumstead garage from 23 January 1999 with single deck buses introduced.
Stagecoach London commenced a further contracts on 24 January 2004 and 22 January 2011 with double deckers buses reintroduced.
Current route
*Bexleyheath
*Slade Green station
*Erith
*Plumstead
*Woolwich Arsenal station
KDF is a water filtration media used in a number of water filtration applications.
Introduction
KDF media (or Kinetic Degradation Fluxion Media), is a chemical compound used in water filtration applications. KDF is often used along with activated carbon to maximise the filters efficiency. Generally KDF is used in a purification system as a pre-filter, before another, finer stage of filtration, for example, reverse osmosis, deionisation and ion exchange systems.
History
KDF is regarded as being one of the newer developments in water treatment and filtration, since its development in 1984, it has grown to be widely regarded as one of the best filtration medias available.
KDF was invented by Don Heskett in 1984. He initially discovered the potential of KDF media when he dipped one of his brass pen refills into a glass of chlorinated water containing chlorine reagent tablets (hence coloured pink), and observed the colour dissipate. It was at this moment that Don realised that the brass pen refill had some form of potential to absorb impurities from water, in this case, chlorine. Over the next 3 years Heskett developed and researched his discovery, slowly refining it until he came to the product now known as KDF media.
Structure
KDF water filtration media is a high-purity alloy of both copper and zinc, used in a flaked or granulated particulate form. Usually appearing gold or brass in colour.
Effectiveness
KDF is known to kill algae and fungi, control bacteria growth, and remove chlorine, pesticides, organic matter, rust, unpleasant taste and odour, hydrogen sulfide, iron, lead, nickel, chromium, cadmium, calcium, aluminium, mercury, arsenic, and other organic compounds.
KDF has a wide spread of effectiveness against a large number of impurities in water. KDF is optimised when used in conjunction with another filter media, especially any form of Activated carbon (whether in block OR granulated form).
Reactive process
KDF water filtration media utilize the principle of electrochemical oxidation reduction, more commonly known to the population as the redox process (Redox reaction) to eliminate a vast number of water contaminants.
The Redox Process and KDF Media
All items are recognised as having some form of electrical and magnetic charge. Some are positively charged and some are negatively charged, depending on their molecular structure and circumstances. The reason the Redox reaction works so well with KDF is because the two constituents of KDF are oppositely charged, copper is a positive element, and zinc is a negative element (zinc is positive but at a different redox state).
So basically, Positively charged molecules (impurities and contaminants) are attracted to the negative charge of the zinc and negatively charged molecules (impurities and contaminants) are attracted to the positive charge of the copper.
see link below, zinc is a positively charged ion
http://nmsp.cals.cornell.edu/publications/factsheets/factsheet22.pdf
Water filtration process
Water passes through a bed of pure KDF or an Activated carbon/KDF mix. As the water makes contact with the KDF particles the Redox reaction takes place, removing such impurities as minerals, metals, dissolved oxygen and organic materials. The KDF itself creates a miniature electrolytic cell within the spaces between each particle, the zinc acting as the anode and the copper acting as the cathode within this cell, and the water and its impurities acting as the electrolyte through which the charge flows. When the contaminants and impurities found in water pass through this electrolytic cell, some substances, especially metals, react to the magnetic force exerted by the electrolytic cell and are attracted to the surface of the KDF particles, where they adhere. Other non-metal impurities react with the KDF and form zinc oxides, copper hydroxides, hydroxides, and sulfates in the water. These by-products remain within the drinking water, but are not dangerous, also as part of this reaction, ozone is created and carried through into the drinking water, forming a hostile and desolate environment for algae, bacteria and any other array of micro-organism.
Introduction
KDF media (or Kinetic Degradation Fluxion Media), is a chemical compound used in water filtration applications. KDF is often used along with activated carbon to maximise the filters efficiency. Generally KDF is used in a purification system as a pre-filter, before another, finer stage of filtration, for example, reverse osmosis, deionisation and ion exchange systems.
History
KDF is regarded as being one of the newer developments in water treatment and filtration, since its development in 1984, it has grown to be widely regarded as one of the best filtration medias available.
KDF was invented by Don Heskett in 1984. He initially discovered the potential of KDF media when he dipped one of his brass pen refills into a glass of chlorinated water containing chlorine reagent tablets (hence coloured pink), and observed the colour dissipate. It was at this moment that Don realised that the brass pen refill had some form of potential to absorb impurities from water, in this case, chlorine. Over the next 3 years Heskett developed and researched his discovery, slowly refining it until he came to the product now known as KDF media.
Structure
KDF water filtration media is a high-purity alloy of both copper and zinc, used in a flaked or granulated particulate form. Usually appearing gold or brass in colour.
Effectiveness
KDF is known to kill algae and fungi, control bacteria growth, and remove chlorine, pesticides, organic matter, rust, unpleasant taste and odour, hydrogen sulfide, iron, lead, nickel, chromium, cadmium, calcium, aluminium, mercury, arsenic, and other organic compounds.
KDF has a wide spread of effectiveness against a large number of impurities in water. KDF is optimised when used in conjunction with another filter media, especially any form of Activated carbon (whether in block OR granulated form).
Reactive process
KDF water filtration media utilize the principle of electrochemical oxidation reduction, more commonly known to the population as the redox process (Redox reaction) to eliminate a vast number of water contaminants.
The Redox Process and KDF Media
All items are recognised as having some form of electrical and magnetic charge. Some are positively charged and some are negatively charged, depending on their molecular structure and circumstances. The reason the Redox reaction works so well with KDF is because the two constituents of KDF are oppositely charged, copper is a positive element, and zinc is a negative element (zinc is positive but at a different redox state).
So basically, Positively charged molecules (impurities and contaminants) are attracted to the negative charge of the zinc and negatively charged molecules (impurities and contaminants) are attracted to the positive charge of the copper.
see link below, zinc is a positively charged ion
http://nmsp.cals.cornell.edu/publications/factsheets/factsheet22.pdf
Water filtration process
Water passes through a bed of pure KDF or an Activated carbon/KDF mix. As the water makes contact with the KDF particles the Redox reaction takes place, removing such impurities as minerals, metals, dissolved oxygen and organic materials. The KDF itself creates a miniature electrolytic cell within the spaces between each particle, the zinc acting as the anode and the copper acting as the cathode within this cell, and the water and its impurities acting as the electrolyte through which the charge flows. When the contaminants and impurities found in water pass through this electrolytic cell, some substances, especially metals, react to the magnetic force exerted by the electrolytic cell and are attracted to the surface of the KDF particles, where they adhere. Other non-metal impurities react with the KDF and form zinc oxides, copper hydroxides, hydroxides, and sulfates in the water. These by-products remain within the drinking water, but are not dangerous, also as part of this reaction, ozone is created and carried through into the drinking water, forming a hostile and desolate environment for algae, bacteria and any other array of micro-organism.