Robert W. Kelley is a Florida-based attorney who successfully represented plaintiff Cindy Naugle in Naugle v. Philip Morris USA, Inc in the largest tobacco verdict in US legal history. In the same year (2009) he was nominated for lawyer of the year. A jury ordered Philip Morris (Benson and Hedges) to pay $56.6 million in compensatory damages and $244 million in punitive damages to his client Cindy Naugle, who was suffering from emphysema caused by smoking. The case garnered attention nationally and internationally, with The New York times reporting:
"If it survives an appeal, the verdict late Thursday would be the nation’s largest award of damages to an individual suing a tobacco company and could encourage thousands of plaintiffs who have filed similar cases in Florida, according to Clifford E. Douglas of the University of Michigan Tobacco Research Network."
In the same year he obtained a $38.5 million verdict on behalf of Dale Whyte, who was left in a vegetative state following a faulty medical procedure. The defeated defendants were the two doctors in charge of the procedure which took place at the Atlantic Surgical Centre in Pompano Beach. an association that brings together SCUBA certified attorneys who help to preserve coral reefs and marine ecosystems around the coasts of Florida and the Bahamas. The organisation also pairs war veterans with expert divers to carry out coral reef restoration projects.
"If it survives an appeal, the verdict late Thursday would be the nation’s largest award of damages to an individual suing a tobacco company and could encourage thousands of plaintiffs who have filed similar cases in Florida, according to Clifford E. Douglas of the University of Michigan Tobacco Research Network."
In the same year he obtained a $38.5 million verdict on behalf of Dale Whyte, who was left in a vegetative state following a faulty medical procedure. The defeated defendants were the two doctors in charge of the procedure which took place at the Atlantic Surgical Centre in Pompano Beach. an association that brings together SCUBA certified attorneys who help to preserve coral reefs and marine ecosystems around the coasts of Florida and the Bahamas. The organisation also pairs war veterans with expert divers to carry out coral reef restoration projects.
FRAY Studio is an award winning video design, creative direction and technical design studio, with theatrical productions on Broadway the West End and live music visuals touring the world.
Origins
FRAY Studio was founded in London by Finn Ross and Adam Young, two award winning video designers with a shared background in theatre. Since then, their work has taken them across many forms: live music, opera, exhibitions, museums, and art installations. Early projects include the video design for La damnation de Faust for the English National Opera (2011), video design for the band Bombay Bicycle Club (2014), video design for the musical American Psycho (2013), video design for the Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny for the Royal Opera House (2015) and video design for the exhibition Collison at the Science Museum (2014)
FRAY's Finn Ross was part of the original creative team for The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time in 2012, which went on to win 7 Laurence Olivier Awards in London and 6 Tony Awards for the subsequent production on Broadway. The show is currently on tour internationally.
In 2015 FRAY Studio was formally created when the studio was asked to design the video content for the major retrospective exhibition Rolling Stones: Exhibtionsm for the Rolling Stones (2015). The studio then went on to design the video content for other music artists such as Jess Glynne, Bombay Bicycle Club, Pendulum and the UK band Years & Years
In 2018 FRAY simultaneously opened three major Broadway productions for which they were credited as video designers, they include Mean Girls the Musical designed by Finn Ross and Adam Young, Frozen the Musical designed by Finn Ross and Harry Potter and the Cursed Child Parts I and II designed by Finn Ross and Ash J Woodward.
Selected Productions
Theatre
* 2018 - Mean Girls the Musical - currently at the August Wilson Theatre, book by Tina Fey, produced by Lorne Michaels, Stuart Thompson and Sonia Friedman, directed and choreographed by Casey Nicholaw, lyrics by Nell Benjamin, music by Jeff Richmond, costumes by Gregg Barnes, scenic design by Scott Pask, lighting design by Kenneth Posner and video design by Finn Ross and Adam Young.
* 2018 - Frozen the Musical - currently at the St. James Theatre, book by Jennifer Lee, produced by Disney Theatrical Productions, directed by Michael Grandage, choreographed by Rob Ashford, lyrics and music by Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez, scenic and costume design by Christopher Oram, lighting design by Natasha Katz and video design by Finn Ross.
* 2017 - Bat out of Hell the Musical - currently at the Dominion Theatre, book, music and lyrics by Jim Steinman, produced by David Sonenberg, Michael Cohl, Randy Lennox and Tony Smith, directed by Jay Scheib, choreographed by Emma Portner, scenic and costume design by Jon Bausor, lighting design by Patrick Woodroffe, video design by Finn Ross.
* 2017 - Bravado play - written and directed by Scottee, video design by Adam Young.
* 2016 - The Tempest Play - at the Royal Shakespeare Company, directed by Gregory Doran, scenic design by Stephen Brimson Lewis, video design Finn Ross
* 2016 - Harry Potter and the Cursed Child Parts I and II Play - currently at the Palace Theatre, London and the Lyric Theatre, New York, produced by Sonia Friedman and Sir Colin Callender, directed by John Tiffany, choreography by Steven Hoggett, music by Imogen Heap, costumes by Katrina Lindsay, scenic design by Christine Jones, lighting design by Neil Austin, sound design by Gareth Fry and video design by Finn Ross and Ash J Woodward.
* 2015 - Opera - at Royal Opera House, music by Kurt Weill, libretto by Bertolt Brecht, directed by John Fulljames, choreography by Arthur Pita, costume design by Christina Cunningham, scenic design by Es Devlin, lighting design by Bruno Poet and video design by Finn Ross.
* 2013 - American Psycho the Musical - at the Almeida Theatre, music by Duncan Sheik, directed by Rupert Goold, choreography by Lynne Page, costume design by Katrina Lindsay, scenic design by Es Devlin, sound design by Paul Arditti and video design by Finn Ross.
* 2013 - Betrayal Play - at the Barrymore Theatre, written by Harold Pinter, directed by Mike Nichols, costume design by Ann Roth, scenic design by Ian MacNeil, lighting design by Brian MacDevitt, sound design by Scott Lehrer and video design by Finn Ross.
* 2013 - Play - directed by Lyndsey Turner, costume design by Christina Cunningham, scenic design by Es Devlin, lighting design by Tim Lutkin, sound design by Carolyn Downing and video design by Finn Ross.
* 2012 - Play - currently touring internationally, written by Simon Stephens; based on the novel by Mark Haddon, directed by Mariane Elliot, costume and scenic design Bunny Christie, movement by Steven Hogget and Scott Graham of Frantic Assembly, composer Adrian Sutton, lighting design by Paule Constable, sound design by Ian Dickenson, video design by Finn Ross.2012: The Magic Flute Opera - at De Nederlandse Opera, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, directed by Simon McBurney, video design by Finn Ross.
* 2012: Master and Margarita Opera - by Mikhail Bulgakov (Director: Simon McBurney ), Barbican Center London, then Festival d'Avignon and Wiener Festwochen
* 2011 - The Damnation of Faust Opera - at the English National Opera, directed by Terry Gilliam, costume and scenic design by Hildegard Bechtler, lighting design by Peter Mumford and video design by Finn Ross.
* 2011 - Opera - at the Theater an der Wien, directed by Robert Carson,
* 2010 - A Dog's Heart Opera - at Dutch National Opera, directed by Simon McBurney, scenic design by Michael Levine, animation by Adam Young and Ian William Galloway, video design Finn Ross.
* 2010 - Don Giovanni Opera - at the English National Opera, directed by Rufus Norris, costume design by Nicky Gillibrand, scenic design by Ian MacNeil, lighting design by Mimi Jordan Sherin and video design by Finn Ross
* 2008 - All My Sons - at the Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre, written by Arthur Miller, directed by Simon McBurney, costume and scenic design Tom Pye, lighting design by Paul Anderson, sound design by Christopher Shutt and Carolyn Downing, video design Finn Ross.
Live Music
* 2018 Years & Years - International Tour - creative direction by Olly Alexander, production and lighting design by Cassius Creative, video design by FRAY Studio (Adam Young).
* 2017 - International Tour - creative direction by Jolene Henry, production and lighting design by Cassius Creative, video design by FRAY Studio (Adam Young).
* 2017 - International Tour - production and lighting design by Cassius Creative, video design by FRAY Studio (Adam Young)
* 2014 - International Tour - lighting design by Squib Swain, video and animation by Adam Young and Anna Ginsburg.
Exhibitions
* 2018 Hut 11A at Bletchley Park - exhibition design by Nissen Richards Studio, sound design by Carolyn Downing, lighting design by Studio ZNA and video design by FRAY Studio (Ash J Woodward)
* 2017 Opera: Passion, Power and Politics at the Victoria and Albert Museum - video design by FRAY Studio (Adam Young).
* 2016 You Say You Want a Revolution? Records and Rebels 1966-1970 at the Victoria and Albert Museum - exhibition design by Nissen Richards Studio, sound design by Carolyn Downing, lighting design by Studio ZNA and video design by FRAY Studio (Finn Ross and Adam Young).
* 2015 Rolling Stones: Exhibitionsm at the Saatchi Gallery - curated by Ileen Gallagher, lighting design by Patrick Woodroffe, sound design by Carolyn Downing and video design by FRAY Studio (Finn Ross and Adam Young).
* 2014 Collider at the Science Museum - video design by FRAY Studio (Finn Ross and Adam Young).
Awards
In 2018 Finn Ross and Adam Young were nominated for the Tony Award for Best Lighting Design in a Musical for Mean Girls the Musical.
In 2018 Finn Ross and Ash J Woodward won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Projection Design and the Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Video design for Harry Potter and the Cursed Child Parts I and II. They also won the WhatsOnStage Award for Best Video Design in 2017 for the West End version of the show.
In 2014 Finn Ross and Tim Lutkin won the Olivier Award for Best Lighting Design for Chimerica.
In 2013 Finn Ross and Bunny Christie won the Olivier Award for Best Set Design for the West End production of The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time, followed in 2015 by the Tony Award for Best Scenic Design.
Origins
FRAY Studio was founded in London by Finn Ross and Adam Young, two award winning video designers with a shared background in theatre. Since then, their work has taken them across many forms: live music, opera, exhibitions, museums, and art installations. Early projects include the video design for La damnation de Faust for the English National Opera (2011), video design for the band Bombay Bicycle Club (2014), video design for the musical American Psycho (2013), video design for the Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny for the Royal Opera House (2015) and video design for the exhibition Collison at the Science Museum (2014)
FRAY's Finn Ross was part of the original creative team for The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time in 2012, which went on to win 7 Laurence Olivier Awards in London and 6 Tony Awards for the subsequent production on Broadway. The show is currently on tour internationally.
In 2015 FRAY Studio was formally created when the studio was asked to design the video content for the major retrospective exhibition Rolling Stones: Exhibtionsm for the Rolling Stones (2015). The studio then went on to design the video content for other music artists such as Jess Glynne, Bombay Bicycle Club, Pendulum and the UK band Years & Years
In 2018 FRAY simultaneously opened three major Broadway productions for which they were credited as video designers, they include Mean Girls the Musical designed by Finn Ross and Adam Young, Frozen the Musical designed by Finn Ross and Harry Potter and the Cursed Child Parts I and II designed by Finn Ross and Ash J Woodward.
Selected Productions
Theatre
* 2018 - Mean Girls the Musical - currently at the August Wilson Theatre, book by Tina Fey, produced by Lorne Michaels, Stuart Thompson and Sonia Friedman, directed and choreographed by Casey Nicholaw, lyrics by Nell Benjamin, music by Jeff Richmond, costumes by Gregg Barnes, scenic design by Scott Pask, lighting design by Kenneth Posner and video design by Finn Ross and Adam Young.
* 2018 - Frozen the Musical - currently at the St. James Theatre, book by Jennifer Lee, produced by Disney Theatrical Productions, directed by Michael Grandage, choreographed by Rob Ashford, lyrics and music by Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez, scenic and costume design by Christopher Oram, lighting design by Natasha Katz and video design by Finn Ross.
* 2017 - Bat out of Hell the Musical - currently at the Dominion Theatre, book, music and lyrics by Jim Steinman, produced by David Sonenberg, Michael Cohl, Randy Lennox and Tony Smith, directed by Jay Scheib, choreographed by Emma Portner, scenic and costume design by Jon Bausor, lighting design by Patrick Woodroffe, video design by Finn Ross.
* 2017 - Bravado play - written and directed by Scottee, video design by Adam Young.
* 2016 - The Tempest Play - at the Royal Shakespeare Company, directed by Gregory Doran, scenic design by Stephen Brimson Lewis, video design Finn Ross
* 2016 - Harry Potter and the Cursed Child Parts I and II Play - currently at the Palace Theatre, London and the Lyric Theatre, New York, produced by Sonia Friedman and Sir Colin Callender, directed by John Tiffany, choreography by Steven Hoggett, music by Imogen Heap, costumes by Katrina Lindsay, scenic design by Christine Jones, lighting design by Neil Austin, sound design by Gareth Fry and video design by Finn Ross and Ash J Woodward.
* 2015 - Opera - at Royal Opera House, music by Kurt Weill, libretto by Bertolt Brecht, directed by John Fulljames, choreography by Arthur Pita, costume design by Christina Cunningham, scenic design by Es Devlin, lighting design by Bruno Poet and video design by Finn Ross.
* 2013 - American Psycho the Musical - at the Almeida Theatre, music by Duncan Sheik, directed by Rupert Goold, choreography by Lynne Page, costume design by Katrina Lindsay, scenic design by Es Devlin, sound design by Paul Arditti and video design by Finn Ross.
* 2013 - Betrayal Play - at the Barrymore Theatre, written by Harold Pinter, directed by Mike Nichols, costume design by Ann Roth, scenic design by Ian MacNeil, lighting design by Brian MacDevitt, sound design by Scott Lehrer and video design by Finn Ross.
* 2013 - Play - directed by Lyndsey Turner, costume design by Christina Cunningham, scenic design by Es Devlin, lighting design by Tim Lutkin, sound design by Carolyn Downing and video design by Finn Ross.
* 2012 - Play - currently touring internationally, written by Simon Stephens; based on the novel by Mark Haddon, directed by Mariane Elliot, costume and scenic design Bunny Christie, movement by Steven Hogget and Scott Graham of Frantic Assembly, composer Adrian Sutton, lighting design by Paule Constable, sound design by Ian Dickenson, video design by Finn Ross.2012: The Magic Flute Opera - at De Nederlandse Opera, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, directed by Simon McBurney, video design by Finn Ross.
* 2012: Master and Margarita Opera - by Mikhail Bulgakov (Director: Simon McBurney ), Barbican Center London, then Festival d'Avignon and Wiener Festwochen
* 2011 - The Damnation of Faust Opera - at the English National Opera, directed by Terry Gilliam, costume and scenic design by Hildegard Bechtler, lighting design by Peter Mumford and video design by Finn Ross.
* 2011 - Opera - at the Theater an der Wien, directed by Robert Carson,
* 2010 - A Dog's Heart Opera - at Dutch National Opera, directed by Simon McBurney, scenic design by Michael Levine, animation by Adam Young and Ian William Galloway, video design Finn Ross.
* 2010 - Don Giovanni Opera - at the English National Opera, directed by Rufus Norris, costume design by Nicky Gillibrand, scenic design by Ian MacNeil, lighting design by Mimi Jordan Sherin and video design by Finn Ross
* 2008 - All My Sons - at the Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre, written by Arthur Miller, directed by Simon McBurney, costume and scenic design Tom Pye, lighting design by Paul Anderson, sound design by Christopher Shutt and Carolyn Downing, video design Finn Ross.
Live Music
* 2018 Years & Years - International Tour - creative direction by Olly Alexander, production and lighting design by Cassius Creative, video design by FRAY Studio (Adam Young).
* 2017 - International Tour - creative direction by Jolene Henry, production and lighting design by Cassius Creative, video design by FRAY Studio (Adam Young).
* 2017 - International Tour - production and lighting design by Cassius Creative, video design by FRAY Studio (Adam Young)
* 2014 - International Tour - lighting design by Squib Swain, video and animation by Adam Young and Anna Ginsburg.
Exhibitions
* 2018 Hut 11A at Bletchley Park - exhibition design by Nissen Richards Studio, sound design by Carolyn Downing, lighting design by Studio ZNA and video design by FRAY Studio (Ash J Woodward)
* 2017 Opera: Passion, Power and Politics at the Victoria and Albert Museum - video design by FRAY Studio (Adam Young).
* 2016 You Say You Want a Revolution? Records and Rebels 1966-1970 at the Victoria and Albert Museum - exhibition design by Nissen Richards Studio, sound design by Carolyn Downing, lighting design by Studio ZNA and video design by FRAY Studio (Finn Ross and Adam Young).
* 2015 Rolling Stones: Exhibitionsm at the Saatchi Gallery - curated by Ileen Gallagher, lighting design by Patrick Woodroffe, sound design by Carolyn Downing and video design by FRAY Studio (Finn Ross and Adam Young).
* 2014 Collider at the Science Museum - video design by FRAY Studio (Finn Ross and Adam Young).
Awards
In 2018 Finn Ross and Adam Young were nominated for the Tony Award for Best Lighting Design in a Musical for Mean Girls the Musical.
In 2018 Finn Ross and Ash J Woodward won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Projection Design and the Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Video design for Harry Potter and the Cursed Child Parts I and II. They also won the WhatsOnStage Award for Best Video Design in 2017 for the West End version of the show.
In 2014 Finn Ross and Tim Lutkin won the Olivier Award for Best Lighting Design for Chimerica.
In 2013 Finn Ross and Bunny Christie won the Olivier Award for Best Set Design for the West End production of The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time, followed in 2015 by the Tony Award for Best Scenic Design.
The YouTube License System is a system of rules protecting the intellectual property of both content creators and YouTube. As it is a part of IT law, these rules need to be followed when using YouTube. These rules are complemented by further terms and may vary between regions. YouTube defines the use of its services as acceptance of its terms of service
Importance
The importance of these rules is given by the number of events, uploads, views, downloads, they concern.
;Uploads
In 2015 there were 400 hours playing time uploaded every minute,
;Downloads
YouTube's Video portal is accessed by 1 one billion times a month by active users worldwide. As the view of any Video clip or Video is related to financial interests or revenues, therefore click fraud occurs.. YouTube's Revenues were expected to 3,96 billion in 2018.
; Views
There are 5 billion videos watched on Youtube every day.
Goals
The system of YouTube licenses is to secure the coprights of their owners, especially those of videos and defines rules for the use of these videos. On behalf of this, the owner of the copyrights has to be declared in the content manager-account. The system protects also the economical interests of YouTube.
YouTube itself uses the adjoint cookies for evaluation, e.g. for advertising and its optimization
User types
YouTube addresses to different types of users, according the form of their use of its services. This includes also subscription business models
; Audience
Viewers - unregistered users - receive cookies, allowing an analysis of their user profile.
API authors - the providers of access of content to YouTube - have to follow the Google software rules.
License types
YouTube provides several types of licenses.
Standard YouTube license
;Upload
The standard-YouTube license is the default upload license. The terms are listed b the terms of use]].
Creative commons license
By the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC by) YouTubers may allow the use of their work to other persons. The CC by license allows both use and modification.
; Fair Use rules
Within the United States the rule of Fair Use allows reuse of copyright-protected material without license.
Sanctions
; Authors
Publishing copyright protected work without an appropriate license on YouTube may be reported by the copyright owner to YouTube.
; API-Programmers
API-Programmers, not following the rules for the YouTube API services, may be sanctioned by restrictions and/or admission refusal.
Saveguards
Content filter, controling videos during upload on copyright violations are used to ensure publishing of legal content only.
Application
; Embedding of videos
Embedding of videos by Hotlinking is following the European Court of Justice jurisdiction nevertheless legal., as no different public is addressed.
Authors may prevent embedding for YouTube. This means an active license terms definition which is compulsory for users.
Consequences of embedding are given by the cookies, the content is connected to, These cookies are then linked to the embedding content.
Importance
The importance of these rules is given by the number of events, uploads, views, downloads, they concern.
;Uploads
In 2015 there were 400 hours playing time uploaded every minute,
;Downloads
YouTube's Video portal is accessed by 1 one billion times a month by active users worldwide. As the view of any Video clip or Video is related to financial interests or revenues, therefore click fraud occurs.. YouTube's Revenues were expected to 3,96 billion in 2018.
; Views
There are 5 billion videos watched on Youtube every day.
Goals
The system of YouTube licenses is to secure the coprights of their owners, especially those of videos and defines rules for the use of these videos. On behalf of this, the owner of the copyrights has to be declared in the content manager-account. The system protects also the economical interests of YouTube.
YouTube itself uses the adjoint cookies for evaluation, e.g. for advertising and its optimization
User types
YouTube addresses to different types of users, according the form of their use of its services. This includes also subscription business models
; Audience
Viewers - unregistered users - receive cookies, allowing an analysis of their user profile.
API authors - the providers of access of content to YouTube - have to follow the Google software rules.
License types
YouTube provides several types of licenses.
Standard YouTube license
;Upload
The standard-YouTube license is the default upload license. The terms are listed b the terms of use]].
Creative commons license
By the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC by) YouTubers may allow the use of their work to other persons. The CC by license allows both use and modification.
; Fair Use rules
Within the United States the rule of Fair Use allows reuse of copyright-protected material without license.
Sanctions
; Authors
Publishing copyright protected work without an appropriate license on YouTube may be reported by the copyright owner to YouTube.
; API-Programmers
API-Programmers, not following the rules for the YouTube API services, may be sanctioned by restrictions and/or admission refusal.
Saveguards
Content filter, controling videos during upload on copyright violations are used to ensure publishing of legal content only.
Application
; Embedding of videos
Embedding of videos by Hotlinking is following the European Court of Justice jurisdiction nevertheless legal., as no different public is addressed.
Authors may prevent embedding for YouTube. This means an active license terms definition which is compulsory for users.
Consequences of embedding are given by the cookies, the content is connected to, These cookies are then linked to the embedding content.
The Belgian 2.5 euro coin is a commemorative euro coin valid in Belgium first issued in 2015 with 70,000 coins minted. The coin commemorates the 200th anniversary of Napoleon's defeat in the Battle of Waterloo.
Belgium originally planned to mint €2 commemorative coins for the occasion. This plan was blocked by France, however (after 180,000 of the coins had already been minted, they had to be discarded). Printing in the 2.5 euro denomination gets around the ability of France to veto production as they will not be legal tender in the European Union, they are only legal for currency in Belgium. EU law states that any country can issue any new coins it wants as long as they are in an irregular denomination, so it invented a €2.5 coin.
Belgium originally planned to mint €2 commemorative coins for the occasion. This plan was blocked by France, however (after 180,000 of the coins had already been minted, they had to be discarded). Printing in the 2.5 euro denomination gets around the ability of France to veto production as they will not be legal tender in the European Union, they are only legal for currency in Belgium. EU law states that any country can issue any new coins it wants as long as they are in an irregular denomination, so it invented a €2.5 coin.