The Indian Civil Service was introduced in India by Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, who became known as the "Father of the Indian Civil Service". After a long evolution the Indian Civil Services Act was enacted in 1861. Under this Act, all of the Civil Servants of the British Indian Empire were to be selected only upon open competitive examination. The announcement of this policy was made in the Charter Act 1853, and reiterated with a liberal promise of equality to all her Majesty's subjects "irrespective of color and creed" in Queen Victoria's Proclamation of November 1, 1858. Nevertheless, until 1919 the open competitive examinations were held only in London. After 1919 they were held simultaneously in London and in India. After the inauguration of the Indian Republic the examination has been conducted by UPSC (Union Public Service Commission).
The examination conducted by this UPSC is regarded as one of the toughest examinations in the world. In fact, a great effort with proper guidance and coaching is needed to crack this examination. There are about two lakh applicants and about 70% of them appear in the Preliminary Test (Prelims) every year to fill up about 400-500 civil posts in the country. Many coaching centres have emerged to help candidates, first centred around New Delhi; but now they are easily accessible in other major cities.
The UPSC conducts the combined civil services exam, to recruit officers into Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Foreign Service (IFS), Indian Police Service (IPS), Indian Revenue Service (IRS), Indian Railway Traffic Service (IRTS), etc.
In UPSC examinations more than twenty optional subjects are listed. Indian History is one of the most most selected optional subjects.
The examination conducted by this UPSC is regarded as one of the toughest examinations in the world. In fact, a great effort with proper guidance and coaching is needed to crack this examination. There are about two lakh applicants and about 70% of them appear in the Preliminary Test (Prelims) every year to fill up about 400-500 civil posts in the country. Many coaching centres have emerged to help candidates, first centred around New Delhi; but now they are easily accessible in other major cities.
The UPSC conducts the combined civil services exam, to recruit officers into Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Foreign Service (IFS), Indian Police Service (IPS), Indian Revenue Service (IRS), Indian Railway Traffic Service (IRTS), etc.
In UPSC examinations more than twenty optional subjects are listed. Indian History is one of the most most selected optional subjects.
Orgonophilia is an abnormal and persistent obsession with filing cabinets or other organisational storage vessels. The word "orgonophilia" is an English adoption of the Greek words ὄργανον meaning tool and φιλíα meaning friendship. Literally translated it means, "a love of being organised".
Definition
Orgonophilia describes a condition where the sufferer becomes uneasy in environments that are unfamiliar or where he/she perceives that events are beyond their control. Triggers may include anxiety about forthcoming events, the prospect of making an address to, or performing before a large group of influential or critical minds. The anxiety is often compounded by a fear of not being able to have a decisive influence upon events or persuade people who hold a contrary view. People who suffer from orgonophilia may experience panic attacks in situations where they feel thwarted, insignificant, or caught up in a sequence of events that has no logical order or directing hand. However, orgonophiliacs can experience sudden panic attacks when confronted with a diverse range of disfunctionality including loose papers, split infinitives, unfinished sentences, flat batteries and incorrectly addressed letters. In most cases, the anxieties of an orgonophiliac will subside once a filing cabinet is placed into their line of sight. In extreme cases, the sufferer will require physical contact with the cabinet.
Prevalence
Occurrences of orgonophilia are largely confined to urbanised, westernised populations where familiarity with and access to filing cabinets is most heavily concentrated. The prevalence of the condition in the general population of the European Union is limited to approximately 1:750,000. In the United States, it is approximately 1:800,000. There are no reliable statistics for other regions of the globe. The condition occurs about three times as commonly among men as it does among women.
Causes and contributing factors
Research has uncovered a link between orgonophilia and difficulties with trichromatic colour vision. Normal individuals are able to observe and categorise the colourful world around them. However, a disproportionate number of orgonophiliacs suffer from some degree of colour blindness and a hypothesis has been put forward suggesting that the inability to differentiate objects on the basis of colour leads to hyperactivity in the brain and an irrational pursuit of order, sequence and classification. Research has also discovered that may orgonophiliacs may be confused by sloping or irregular surfaces.
Association with panic attacks
The attack typically has an abrupt onset, building to maximum intensity within 10 to 15 minutes, and rarely lasts longer than 30 minutes. These symptoms include palpitations, sweating, trembling, and shortness of breath. Many patients report a fear of dying, or losing control of emotions or behaviour.
Treatments
Orgonophilia can be successfully treated in many cases through a slow process of graduated exposure therapy whereby the patient is encouraged to seek solace with ever smaller filing cabinets. Combined with cognitive therapy, many orgonophiliacs are able to conduct normal lives with the assistance of nothing more than a filing cabinet shaped novelty key fob.
Alternative theories
There is a large body of theory within the scientific community that does not believe that orgonophilia exists as a distinct personality disorder but is probably a condition closely related to agoraphobia or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
Orgonophiliacs
*When working on a film set, Welsh actor Richard Burton would insist upon being able to see a filing cabinet during any scene in which he was performing. However, it is curious that when he performed live on stage, his condition was dormant and he did not need the assistance of a filing cabinet.
*Field Marshall Alan Brooke, who was Chief of the Imperial General Staff during the Second World War, was a notable orgonophiliac. During his time as Chief of the Imperial General Staff, Brooke had frequent rows with Winston Churchill over strategy that would trigger an orgonophilic episode. In order to recover, Brooke took to sharing his bed with a three-drawer, oak Globe Wernicke filing cabinet. When Brook accompanied Churchill abroad, it was impossible for him to take his beloved Globe Wernicke with him. However, he was able to find succour when asleep with a single-drawer card index system.
*ITN journalist Leonard Parkin read the news with both feet firmly planted in a drawer taken from a grey metal Bisley side filer.
Definition
Orgonophilia describes a condition where the sufferer becomes uneasy in environments that are unfamiliar or where he/she perceives that events are beyond their control. Triggers may include anxiety about forthcoming events, the prospect of making an address to, or performing before a large group of influential or critical minds. The anxiety is often compounded by a fear of not being able to have a decisive influence upon events or persuade people who hold a contrary view. People who suffer from orgonophilia may experience panic attacks in situations where they feel thwarted, insignificant, or caught up in a sequence of events that has no logical order or directing hand. However, orgonophiliacs can experience sudden panic attacks when confronted with a diverse range of disfunctionality including loose papers, split infinitives, unfinished sentences, flat batteries and incorrectly addressed letters. In most cases, the anxieties of an orgonophiliac will subside once a filing cabinet is placed into their line of sight. In extreme cases, the sufferer will require physical contact with the cabinet.
Prevalence
Occurrences of orgonophilia are largely confined to urbanised, westernised populations where familiarity with and access to filing cabinets is most heavily concentrated. The prevalence of the condition in the general population of the European Union is limited to approximately 1:750,000. In the United States, it is approximately 1:800,000. There are no reliable statistics for other regions of the globe. The condition occurs about three times as commonly among men as it does among women.
Causes and contributing factors
Research has uncovered a link between orgonophilia and difficulties with trichromatic colour vision. Normal individuals are able to observe and categorise the colourful world around them. However, a disproportionate number of orgonophiliacs suffer from some degree of colour blindness and a hypothesis has been put forward suggesting that the inability to differentiate objects on the basis of colour leads to hyperactivity in the brain and an irrational pursuit of order, sequence and classification. Research has also discovered that may orgonophiliacs may be confused by sloping or irregular surfaces.
Association with panic attacks
The attack typically has an abrupt onset, building to maximum intensity within 10 to 15 minutes, and rarely lasts longer than 30 minutes. These symptoms include palpitations, sweating, trembling, and shortness of breath. Many patients report a fear of dying, or losing control of emotions or behaviour.
Treatments
Orgonophilia can be successfully treated in many cases through a slow process of graduated exposure therapy whereby the patient is encouraged to seek solace with ever smaller filing cabinets. Combined with cognitive therapy, many orgonophiliacs are able to conduct normal lives with the assistance of nothing more than a filing cabinet shaped novelty key fob.
Alternative theories
There is a large body of theory within the scientific community that does not believe that orgonophilia exists as a distinct personality disorder but is probably a condition closely related to agoraphobia or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
Orgonophiliacs
*When working on a film set, Welsh actor Richard Burton would insist upon being able to see a filing cabinet during any scene in which he was performing. However, it is curious that when he performed live on stage, his condition was dormant and he did not need the assistance of a filing cabinet.
*Field Marshall Alan Brooke, who was Chief of the Imperial General Staff during the Second World War, was a notable orgonophiliac. During his time as Chief of the Imperial General Staff, Brooke had frequent rows with Winston Churchill over strategy that would trigger an orgonophilic episode. In order to recover, Brooke took to sharing his bed with a three-drawer, oak Globe Wernicke filing cabinet. When Brook accompanied Churchill abroad, it was impossible for him to take his beloved Globe Wernicke with him. However, he was able to find succour when asleep with a single-drawer card index system.
*ITN journalist Leonard Parkin read the news with both feet firmly planted in a drawer taken from a grey metal Bisley side filer.
The Sony Ericsson K550im is a Cyber-shot camera phone with DoCoMo's DoJa (similar to Java) and i-mode support, including i-mail push email.
It will be available from O2 Ireland shortly, where it is currently in testing. It has also been confirmed that the phone will become available in France, the UK and Greece soon. The official launch date is the 2nd quarter of 2007.
It will be available from O2 Ireland shortly, where it is currently in testing. It has also been confirmed that the phone will become available in France, the UK and Greece soon. The official launch date is the 2nd quarter of 2007.
Justin Sargent is a democratic candidate for State Assembly on the North Side of Madison Wisconsin, and is currently serving as Director of Outreach and Operations for State Senator Judy Robson. He is running for the open seat left vacant by the retirement of current representative Dave Travis. No Republican has announced he or she is running for the seat.
Sargent attended Madison's Falk Elementary School, Orchard Ridge Middle School, and James Madison Memorial High School, where he graduated in 1987. He attended the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science. Sargent is a 30+ year resident of Dane County.
Upon graduation from the University, Justin began work in the Wisconsin State Senate on environmental, labor, and transportation issues. Sargent is also a long time community activist, volunteering for local and state political campaigns. In 2007 Justin was recognized by Rock County Labor Unions for his service and efforts to improve the quality of life in Wisconsin for working families. Justin was also recognized by the Rock County Democratic party for his service to Southern Wisconsin.
After years of recreational diving enthusiasm including serving as the President of both the Hoofer's SCUBA club and Dane Counties 4 Lakes SCUBA Club, Justin successfully completed his training to become a PADI SCUBA instructor.
Shortly after becoming a professional instructor, Justin left public service to manage the dive shop in Fontana Sports Specialties, a locally owned outdoor sports shop, that is an icon on Madison's State Street. In 2004, Justin returned to public service in the State Senate, serving Senator Judy Robson D-Beloit. Justin served as Senator Robson's Chief of Staff and Director of Outreach and Operations.
In the August edition of Madison's In-Business, Justin was featured as one of their “40 under 40”, a select group of young professionals who stand out in their fields for their enthusiasm and excellence.
Justin met his wife, Melissa Sargent, at the University of Wisconsin Memorial Union. Melissa is a small business owner, and together they have three children, Devin, Bailey, and Keanan.
Website: www.sargentforassembly.org
Sargent attended Madison's Falk Elementary School, Orchard Ridge Middle School, and James Madison Memorial High School, where he graduated in 1987. He attended the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science. Sargent is a 30+ year resident of Dane County.
Upon graduation from the University, Justin began work in the Wisconsin State Senate on environmental, labor, and transportation issues. Sargent is also a long time community activist, volunteering for local and state political campaigns. In 2007 Justin was recognized by Rock County Labor Unions for his service and efforts to improve the quality of life in Wisconsin for working families. Justin was also recognized by the Rock County Democratic party for his service to Southern Wisconsin.
After years of recreational diving enthusiasm including serving as the President of both the Hoofer's SCUBA club and Dane Counties 4 Lakes SCUBA Club, Justin successfully completed his training to become a PADI SCUBA instructor.
Shortly after becoming a professional instructor, Justin left public service to manage the dive shop in Fontana Sports Specialties, a locally owned outdoor sports shop, that is an icon on Madison's State Street. In 2004, Justin returned to public service in the State Senate, serving Senator Judy Robson D-Beloit. Justin served as Senator Robson's Chief of Staff and Director of Outreach and Operations.
In the August edition of Madison's In-Business, Justin was featured as one of their “40 under 40”, a select group of young professionals who stand out in their fields for their enthusiasm and excellence.
Justin met his wife, Melissa Sargent, at the University of Wisconsin Memorial Union. Melissa is a small business owner, and together they have three children, Devin, Bailey, and Keanan.
Website: www.sargentforassembly.org