Strong inference plus is a model of scientific inquiry developed by Don L. Jewett. It is an extension of
Strong inference.
Strong inference plus
Strong inference plus has three phases:
# the exploratory phase
# the pilot phase
# the hypotheses-testing phase (note the plural).
; The exploratory phase: factors that influence success are unclear, so research must proceed based upon hunches, serendipitous observations, and selections based upon inadequate information. When the Exploratory Phase provides reasonably reliable observations, the research enters the Pilot Phase.
;The pilot phase: a small number of experiments – usually 6–8 – are replicated under replicable experimental conditions. The Pilot Phase is the experiential test of the Exploratory Phase. With success in the Pilot Phase, the project moves into the Hypotheses-Testing Phase. None of the experimental data from the Exploratory and Pilot Phases can be re-used in the Hypotheses-Testing Phase, in order to avoid statistical bias of the testing in the Hypotheses-Testing Phase.
; The hypotheses-testing phase: uses Strong inference:
# Identify a scientifically-interesting observation-- this is the reliable observation provided by the Pilot Phase.
# Enumerate all alternative hypotheses that can account for the observation, based on present knowledge. Note that the number of alternative hypotheses is not infinite-- the number is limited by Present Scientific Knowledge as practiced by Scientists here and now.
# Reject hypotheses by experimental observations until a single hypothesis remains that has survived an experimental test by which it could have been rejected. The remaining hypothesis is the “currently held view” of the “cause” of the observation.
To the laity, the remaining hypothesis is "truth,” but the scientist knows that this currently-held view can change if new hypotheses arise from new knowledge. If that happens, then the new hypotheses must be tested and rejected, in order to determine whether the "currently held view" needs to be changed.
Relationship between Strong inference and Strong inference plus
* Strong inference and Strong inference plus both use the method of "Multiple Hypotheses", rather than basing research upon a single hypothesis.
* Strong inference plus addresses the need for creating the critical seed observation(s) upon which one can base alternative hypotheses. Strong inference does not.
Strong inference.
Strong inference plus
Strong inference plus has three phases:
# the exploratory phase
# the pilot phase
# the hypotheses-testing phase (note the plural).
; The exploratory phase: factors that influence success are unclear, so research must proceed based upon hunches, serendipitous observations, and selections based upon inadequate information. When the Exploratory Phase provides reasonably reliable observations, the research enters the Pilot Phase.
;The pilot phase: a small number of experiments – usually 6–8 – are replicated under replicable experimental conditions. The Pilot Phase is the experiential test of the Exploratory Phase. With success in the Pilot Phase, the project moves into the Hypotheses-Testing Phase. None of the experimental data from the Exploratory and Pilot Phases can be re-used in the Hypotheses-Testing Phase, in order to avoid statistical bias of the testing in the Hypotheses-Testing Phase.
; The hypotheses-testing phase: uses Strong inference:
# Identify a scientifically-interesting observation-- this is the reliable observation provided by the Pilot Phase.
# Enumerate all alternative hypotheses that can account for the observation, based on present knowledge. Note that the number of alternative hypotheses is not infinite-- the number is limited by Present Scientific Knowledge as practiced by Scientists here and now.
# Reject hypotheses by experimental observations until a single hypothesis remains that has survived an experimental test by which it could have been rejected. The remaining hypothesis is the “currently held view” of the “cause” of the observation.
To the laity, the remaining hypothesis is "truth,” but the scientist knows that this currently-held view can change if new hypotheses arise from new knowledge. If that happens, then the new hypotheses must be tested and rejected, in order to determine whether the "currently held view" needs to be changed.
Relationship between Strong inference and Strong inference plus
* Strong inference and Strong inference plus both use the method of "Multiple Hypotheses", rather than basing research upon a single hypothesis.
* Strong inference plus addresses the need for creating the critical seed observation(s) upon which one can base alternative hypotheses. Strong inference does not.
Stew-eater: (n. From the English, stew, a traditional rural hodge-podge dinner, and from the English, eater, a consumer of solid or semi-solid food.)
Stew-eater is an early 21th-century American English derogatory term for a Libertarian. It is derived from the images of Libertarians in the dystopian children's series, Nadeau and the Corn Revolution, written by Washington, D.C. author Ari D.Goldmann, an imprint of Polar Bear Publishers. In this series, Nadeau is one of the few remaining humans surviving on earth after total environmental collapse. The series begins with Neadeau and her companions waiting to catch the subway in vain. Years of global oceanic and atmospheric abuse have driven humanity away from coastlines and major cities. The remnants of New York is in chaos. As an ideal marriage of political and social values in this new turbulent global community, the only vestige of humanity that has adapted is the Libertarian. Living far away from the flooded coastline cities and with access to the still-thriving rural ecostructure, the Libertarian diet is made up of stew comprised of homegrown vegetables and cured rabbit and other small earthen creatures.
Stew-eater is an early 21th-century American English derogatory term for a Libertarian. It is derived from the images of Libertarians in the dystopian children's series, Nadeau and the Corn Revolution, written by Washington, D.C. author Ari D.Goldmann, an imprint of Polar Bear Publishers. In this series, Nadeau is one of the few remaining humans surviving on earth after total environmental collapse. The series begins with Neadeau and her companions waiting to catch the subway in vain. Years of global oceanic and atmospheric abuse have driven humanity away from coastlines and major cities. The remnants of New York is in chaos. As an ideal marriage of political and social values in this new turbulent global community, the only vestige of humanity that has adapted is the Libertarian. Living far away from the flooded coastline cities and with access to the still-thriving rural ecostructure, the Libertarian diet is made up of stew comprised of homegrown vegetables and cured rabbit and other small earthen creatures.
Renegade Squadron is a fictional organization appearing in the PSP game "Star Wars Battlefront: Renegade Squadron".
Formed during the Galactic Civil War, Renegade Squadron was a group of mercenaries and smugglers assembled by Han Solo and his friend Col Serra to help with the evacuation of Yavin IV.
Commissioned by General Dodonna, Solo was given the task of gathering as many combat able men as possible to aid the Rebel Alliance. As it stood the Alliance was mostly made up of 'dreamers' and 'farm boys'. Dodonna needed a squad who knew how to fight and take orders, even if that meant death.
The Squadron was formed from smugglers, pirates, thugs and other individuals who would rather keep themselves out of the public eye. As usual in the Rebel Alliance many species were included in the squadron including Humans, Rodians, Bothans, Sullustans, Wookiees and Mon Calamari.
The squadron led by Serra executed various missions along the course of the Galactic Civil War, including fighting at Hoth and Endor. The group voluntarily disbanded after the Battle of Endor, returning to their original roots. The squad's reputation, despite their involvement in some of the most important battles of the war, went largely unnoticed throughout the years.
The history of the group as finally revealed by Commander Serra to the Jedi archivist, Tionne Solusar, during her research into the war.
Formed during the Galactic Civil War, Renegade Squadron was a group of mercenaries and smugglers assembled by Han Solo and his friend Col Serra to help with the evacuation of Yavin IV.
Commissioned by General Dodonna, Solo was given the task of gathering as many combat able men as possible to aid the Rebel Alliance. As it stood the Alliance was mostly made up of 'dreamers' and 'farm boys'. Dodonna needed a squad who knew how to fight and take orders, even if that meant death.
The Squadron was formed from smugglers, pirates, thugs and other individuals who would rather keep themselves out of the public eye. As usual in the Rebel Alliance many species were included in the squadron including Humans, Rodians, Bothans, Sullustans, Wookiees and Mon Calamari.
The squadron led by Serra executed various missions along the course of the Galactic Civil War, including fighting at Hoth and Endor. The group voluntarily disbanded after the Battle of Endor, returning to their original roots. The squad's reputation, despite their involvement in some of the most important battles of the war, went largely unnoticed throughout the years.
The history of the group as finally revealed by Commander Serra to the Jedi archivist, Tionne Solusar, during her research into the war.
Tealy is an eleven-year old black lab. Instead of characterizing her age in years, she is most well known for her travels in the 1995 Toyota Carolla with her faithful driver Kevin. Tealy is currently on a quest for 300,000 miles. As of November 7, 2007, Tealy sits at 270,000 miles, and is projected to reach 300,000 miles in the fall of 2008. She resides in the state of Ohio and makes numerous trips around the Midwest United States.