The haptor is a part of a parasitic ,, used to attach to its host. We differ between the prohaptor which is the anterior end of the body and the opisthaptor which is part of the posterior end of the body.
The prohaptor, has various adhesive and feeding structures. In some species, the prohaptor may have a number of cephalic or head glands that secrete a sticky adhesive substance, and shallow muscular suckers, all used for attachment. In other species there is an oral sucker, with various degrees of muscularisation that surrounds the mouth.
The opisthaptor is primarily responsible for the attachment of the monogeneans to the host. The morphology of the opisthaptor is highly variable. It may have suckers in various degrees of development, large hooks called anchors (or hamuli), small hooks that are remnants from the larval stage, or complex clamps that may be either muscular or sclerotised.
The prohaptor, has various adhesive and feeding structures. In some species, the prohaptor may have a number of cephalic or head glands that secrete a sticky adhesive substance, and shallow muscular suckers, all used for attachment. In other species there is an oral sucker, with various degrees of muscularisation that surrounds the mouth.
The opisthaptor is primarily responsible for the attachment of the monogeneans to the host. The morphology of the opisthaptor is highly variable. It may have suckers in various degrees of development, large hooks called anchors (or hamuli), small hooks that are remnants from the larval stage, or complex clamps that may be either muscular or sclerotised.
It is difficult to determine when Indians started their emigration to the Netherlands. Contact between India and the Netherlands goes back to many centuries. After 1600, the Dutch East India Company took over the spice trade from the Portuguese. There is no record showing that Indians visited or came to the Netherlands during that period.
A Dutch TV programme on Azad Hind Brigade stationed in German-occupied Holland mentioned that a brigade of Sikhs arrived in German-occupied Holland back in June of 1943. This brigade had been formed at the instigation of Netaji Subash Chandra Bose, following a meeting with Hitler. Three thousand of them trained in Dresden and were stationed in the north of the Netherlands. From there, they moved to the south of France.
The emigration of Indians to the Netherlands is actually a post-World War II phenomenon.
At present, the Netherlands has the second largest population of people of Indian origin (PIOs) in Europe. There are two very distinct groups among the Indian community in the Netherlands - the PIOs from Suriname (whose roots are mainly in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar) and the non-resident Indians (NRIs).
Most of the PIOs from Suriname migrated to the Netherlands when Suriname became independent in 1975. Before the independence of Suriname, the main motivation for Hindustanis to migrate to the Netherlands was the increased opportunities of higher education as compared to Suriname. In more recent years, Indians from India have joined them.
The Netherlands has a total population of about 16 million. Out of this, the Surinamese Indians (Sarnami Hindustanis as they call themselves) are about 200,000 in number. It is estimated that there are about 15,000 NRIs, apart from 1,000 or 2,000 illegal immigrants. According to the Central Database of Statistics in Netherlands, at the end of the year 2005, there were 3,745 Indian passport holders and the number of people of Indian origin (first and second generation Indians), including Indians holding passports of other countries was 13,800.
Highly qualified professionals and entrepreneurs largely constitute the recent wave of Indians who came to seek their fortunes in the Netherlands. Many of them have retained Indian citizenship. They have gained considerable expertise in important spheres of economic and professional life.
In 1972, during the dictatorship of Idi Amin, a few hundred Indians migrated from Uganda to the Netherlands. In the recent past, PIOs from Afghanistan arrived in the Netherlands. There are also PIOs from Guyana, Malaysia, Mauritius and Trinidad. Besides the above, the Dutch have been adopting Indian children more or less on a regular basis.
The Surinamese Indians are mostly concentrated in and around the four big cities - Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Utrecht and the Hague.
The Surinamese Indians in the Netherlands and the NRIs have a common cultural base. Yet there is an unseen barrier among the communities. In spite of their common origin and cultural heritage, the two groups of Indians in the Netherlands have different characteristics and cultural differences. They also differ in the level of their integration with the Dutch society. Due to their colonial past and knowledge of the Dutch language, the Surinamese Indians are more integrated in the Dutch society than the Indians. They are also politically involved - at local as well as at national level.
The Indians who came directly from India or migrated from other countries to the Netherlands also adapted themselves to the Dutch way of life. But, socio-cultural interaction between the Surinamese Indians and Indian communities hardly takes place.
One of the reasons may be the language barrier. Among the NRIs, English is the usual medium of communication while the Surinamese Indians communicate either in Dutch or in Sarnami Hindustani or Sarnami Hindi as spoken in Suriname. Sarnami Hindustani is a blend of Bhojpuri and Awadhi. It has also some influence of Dutch and other languages.
But both communities do share the age-old customs and traditions and observe them in festivities and bereavements. Even the Indian "arranged marriage" system has not completely lost its popularity within the communities. Both the communities share cultural programmes of well-known Indian artists of classical music and dance and the regular performances of the Bollywood stars.
If there is an Indian diaspora in the Netherlands, we must then inquire what makes it "Indian". What is common to the Indians migrating from different states from India? What is common to the PIOs migrating from Suriname to the Netherlands and the first generation Indians who came directly from India? Outside India, the question of the "Indianness or the diasporic identity" of these Indians gets a particular meaning as Indians abroad are supposed to leave their regional, ethnic and linguistic identities except the more general identity of being an Indian.
The expatriate Indians have mixed loyalties - to India and to their adopted country, the Netherlands. What is so extraordinary in our Indian culture or in our history or our motherland that exerts such a strong pull?
At a time when the Government of the Netherlands is implementing very strict immigration rules and introducing various plans to integrate the immigrants into the Dutch society, the Indian diaspora is being praised for its silent integration into the mainstream Dutch society, especially for its ability to integrate accepting the values of the Dutch society and yet retaining its own identity.
The question for NRIs in the Netherlands, even with a Dutch passport is: which is preferable - complete acceptance of the new home by integration and assimilation, or rather remaining aloof and keeping a cautious distance?
The Surinamese Indians don’t have this problem. They know that their forefathers left India and they belong to their present country of residence. Being born and brought up in Suriname, they are loyal to their motherland. For the Surinamese Hindus, India has a special meaning. India is the centre of their religion; it gives them a special identity.
It seems one is more easily an Indian abroad than in India. If one speaks of an Indian diaspora in the Netherlands, it is because other forces have emerged to cement the widely different elements from India into an "Indian community". This is a combination of "nationalism", which can be translated as patriotism, combined with love for the country, its heritage and its culture. They are proud to be Indian.
For them, it is ‘Sare jahhan se accha Hindustan hamara’ (My India is better then the rest of the world). They might be holding Dutch, English or American passports. They may be from the first, second or third generation. But during the flag hoisting ceremony at the Indian Embassy, they all sing very proudly India’s national anthem.
The diasporic Indians in the Netherlands appear to know the meaning and contours of religion better than the Indians in India. The same way, they routinely mention Indian civilisation.
To quote Shashi Tharoor, ‘NRI’ now stands for ‘Never Relinquished India’. No matter how we dress or where we were educated or from where we come, the Indian flag, Gandhi, Nehru - our icons - belong to us all. Neither language nor religion binds the Indian community in the Netherlands together. We know that India, being more of a continent in size and diversity, an Urdu-speaking Muslim from Delhi and a Malayalam -speaking Brahmin from Kerala would have even less in common than an Egyptian or someone from Nigeria.
One speaks Bengali, Hindi, Tamil, or any of the Indian languages or one follows one’s own faith, but still they preserve their Indianness their diasporic identity. In their hearts, they are still Indian. To quote Vayalar Ravi, Minister for Overseas Indian Affairs, for a member of Indian diaspora, it is not only ‘Dil hai Hindustani’ but ‘demaag vee Hindustani’ (Both my heart and soul belong to India).
A Dutch TV programme on Azad Hind Brigade stationed in German-occupied Holland mentioned that a brigade of Sikhs arrived in German-occupied Holland back in June of 1943. This brigade had been formed at the instigation of Netaji Subash Chandra Bose, following a meeting with Hitler. Three thousand of them trained in Dresden and were stationed in the north of the Netherlands. From there, they moved to the south of France.
The emigration of Indians to the Netherlands is actually a post-World War II phenomenon.
At present, the Netherlands has the second largest population of people of Indian origin (PIOs) in Europe. There are two very distinct groups among the Indian community in the Netherlands - the PIOs from Suriname (whose roots are mainly in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar) and the non-resident Indians (NRIs).
Most of the PIOs from Suriname migrated to the Netherlands when Suriname became independent in 1975. Before the independence of Suriname, the main motivation for Hindustanis to migrate to the Netherlands was the increased opportunities of higher education as compared to Suriname. In more recent years, Indians from India have joined them.
The Netherlands has a total population of about 16 million. Out of this, the Surinamese Indians (Sarnami Hindustanis as they call themselves) are about 200,000 in number. It is estimated that there are about 15,000 NRIs, apart from 1,000 or 2,000 illegal immigrants. According to the Central Database of Statistics in Netherlands, at the end of the year 2005, there were 3,745 Indian passport holders and the number of people of Indian origin (first and second generation Indians), including Indians holding passports of other countries was 13,800.
Highly qualified professionals and entrepreneurs largely constitute the recent wave of Indians who came to seek their fortunes in the Netherlands. Many of them have retained Indian citizenship. They have gained considerable expertise in important spheres of economic and professional life.
In 1972, during the dictatorship of Idi Amin, a few hundred Indians migrated from Uganda to the Netherlands. In the recent past, PIOs from Afghanistan arrived in the Netherlands. There are also PIOs from Guyana, Malaysia, Mauritius and Trinidad. Besides the above, the Dutch have been adopting Indian children more or less on a regular basis.
The Surinamese Indians are mostly concentrated in and around the four big cities - Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Utrecht and the Hague.
The Surinamese Indians in the Netherlands and the NRIs have a common cultural base. Yet there is an unseen barrier among the communities. In spite of their common origin and cultural heritage, the two groups of Indians in the Netherlands have different characteristics and cultural differences. They also differ in the level of their integration with the Dutch society. Due to their colonial past and knowledge of the Dutch language, the Surinamese Indians are more integrated in the Dutch society than the Indians. They are also politically involved - at local as well as at national level.
The Indians who came directly from India or migrated from other countries to the Netherlands also adapted themselves to the Dutch way of life. But, socio-cultural interaction between the Surinamese Indians and Indian communities hardly takes place.
One of the reasons may be the language barrier. Among the NRIs, English is the usual medium of communication while the Surinamese Indians communicate either in Dutch or in Sarnami Hindustani or Sarnami Hindi as spoken in Suriname. Sarnami Hindustani is a blend of Bhojpuri and Awadhi. It has also some influence of Dutch and other languages.
But both communities do share the age-old customs and traditions and observe them in festivities and bereavements. Even the Indian "arranged marriage" system has not completely lost its popularity within the communities. Both the communities share cultural programmes of well-known Indian artists of classical music and dance and the regular performances of the Bollywood stars.
If there is an Indian diaspora in the Netherlands, we must then inquire what makes it "Indian". What is common to the Indians migrating from different states from India? What is common to the PIOs migrating from Suriname to the Netherlands and the first generation Indians who came directly from India? Outside India, the question of the "Indianness or the diasporic identity" of these Indians gets a particular meaning as Indians abroad are supposed to leave their regional, ethnic and linguistic identities except the more general identity of being an Indian.
The expatriate Indians have mixed loyalties - to India and to their adopted country, the Netherlands. What is so extraordinary in our Indian culture or in our history or our motherland that exerts such a strong pull?
At a time when the Government of the Netherlands is implementing very strict immigration rules and introducing various plans to integrate the immigrants into the Dutch society, the Indian diaspora is being praised for its silent integration into the mainstream Dutch society, especially for its ability to integrate accepting the values of the Dutch society and yet retaining its own identity.
The question for NRIs in the Netherlands, even with a Dutch passport is: which is preferable - complete acceptance of the new home by integration and assimilation, or rather remaining aloof and keeping a cautious distance?
The Surinamese Indians don’t have this problem. They know that their forefathers left India and they belong to their present country of residence. Being born and brought up in Suriname, they are loyal to their motherland. For the Surinamese Hindus, India has a special meaning. India is the centre of their religion; it gives them a special identity.
It seems one is more easily an Indian abroad than in India. If one speaks of an Indian diaspora in the Netherlands, it is because other forces have emerged to cement the widely different elements from India into an "Indian community". This is a combination of "nationalism", which can be translated as patriotism, combined with love for the country, its heritage and its culture. They are proud to be Indian.
For them, it is ‘Sare jahhan se accha Hindustan hamara’ (My India is better then the rest of the world). They might be holding Dutch, English or American passports. They may be from the first, second or third generation. But during the flag hoisting ceremony at the Indian Embassy, they all sing very proudly India’s national anthem.
The diasporic Indians in the Netherlands appear to know the meaning and contours of religion better than the Indians in India. The same way, they routinely mention Indian civilisation.
To quote Shashi Tharoor, ‘NRI’ now stands for ‘Never Relinquished India’. No matter how we dress or where we were educated or from where we come, the Indian flag, Gandhi, Nehru - our icons - belong to us all. Neither language nor religion binds the Indian community in the Netherlands together. We know that India, being more of a continent in size and diversity, an Urdu-speaking Muslim from Delhi and a Malayalam -speaking Brahmin from Kerala would have even less in common than an Egyptian or someone from Nigeria.
One speaks Bengali, Hindi, Tamil, or any of the Indian languages or one follows one’s own faith, but still they preserve their Indianness their diasporic identity. In their hearts, they are still Indian. To quote Vayalar Ravi, Minister for Overseas Indian Affairs, for a member of Indian diaspora, it is not only ‘Dil hai Hindustani’ but ‘demaag vee Hindustani’ (Both my heart and soul belong to India).
Brent Blake is an American designer famous for his plans to build the world's larget lava lamp in his home town of Soap Lake, Washington. The original plans called for a sixty-five-foot tall lamp, identical in every way to its smaller cousins. Plans stalled, however, when he began to explore the cost and feasbility of such a structure. No glass blowing facility in the area was capable of making such a large conical bowl, and residents raised safety concerns after vandals struck area businesses. "If they put a giant lava lamp here", said the town's mayor, "it better be bulletproof."
Funding problems eventually sank plans to construct a full-sized lamp, but the town's hopes were revived in late 2004. The Target Corporation had heard about Blake's plans, and agreed to donate a mechanical lava lamp previous displayed as part of an advertisement in Times Square. The town agreed to host the faux lamp. Plans exist to deliver the lamp in spring 2007. The advertisement must be disassembled and shipped from New York City to Soap Lake, and a suitable location selected for the structure once it arrives.
Funding problems eventually sank plans to construct a full-sized lamp, but the town's hopes were revived in late 2004. The Target Corporation had heard about Blake's plans, and agreed to donate a mechanical lava lamp previous displayed as part of an advertisement in Times Square. The town agreed to host the faux lamp. Plans exist to deliver the lamp in spring 2007. The advertisement must be disassembled and shipped from New York City to Soap Lake, and a suitable location selected for the structure once it arrives.
In the fictional Warcraft universe, the Dragon Aspects are 5 mythical dragons spoke that were originally imbued with the power of the titans with the purpose of safeguarding the world of Azeroth. There are 5 different Dragon Aspects and each have there own background, purpose, and abilities. They work together for their common goal. They (together) have performed many tasks ranging from helping to destroy the Burning Legion, all the way down to giving the Night Elves eternal life.
There were originally 5 dragons. Each dragon had a "dragon flight's" associated with its specific color. There colors are red, black, green, blue and bronze. The original purpose of the Dragon Aspects, was to watch over all of Kalimdor.
Alexstrasza - The Life-Binder
Basic Overview
Alexstrasza was considered the most powerful Dragon Aspect of them all. She was embued by the powers of the titan known as "Eonar" (patron of all life). Her sole purpose was to guard the people of Azeroth and to guarantee their safety. Her wisdom and overall compassion eventually granted her the title of "dragonqueen" and she was given rule over all of her race. Her main attributes are her compassion for all living life, her wisdom, and her leadership.
History
Her first notable act, was the fact that she helped to defeat the Burning Legion. After "the well" was created she named it the "Well of Eternity" and used it to create (and name) the new world tree "Nordrassil". After 10,000 years went by they were in the middle of the Second War. Somehow the Orcs of Dragonmaw clan captured Alexstrasza with the intent of using her and her consort as war mounts.
History
After the war of ancients, her sister (Alexstrasza) used her powers to bring forth a magical scorn from the second well of eternity. At this time Ysera used her abilities to enchant the tree so that it would be bound into the emerald dream as well as the original world. One of the time's she opened her eyes, was during the war of the ancients when her lover (Malorne) died. She also opened them a second time, during the Second War, when Krasus tried to convince her to help rescue her sister Alexstrasza. She was in the battle with her felow Dragon Aspects when they fought Deathwing.
History
He was one of the few dragons that participated in the "War of the Ancients". He enchanted the world tree "Nordrassil" so that as long as the tree stood the Night Elves would have the gift of eternal life. He also played other minor parts in the history, but he is generally unseen by the others and prefers more to watch as events transpire, but he barely ever gets involved. He is always there when a mage of any kind seek to destroy or hinder the timeline. This is where he is most notable, as that's one of his prime purposes of existence.
History
He was talked into, and participated when the dragons created the dragon soul. He was also responsible for convincing the other dragon aspects to aide Neltharion (who was later called deathwing). When the dragon soul was stolen he made an attempt to stop neltharion but it backfired, which took his dragonflight as well. After that he was struck with insanity because he no longer had his dragon flight and he took refuge in northrend (his lair) for a great period of time. Thousands of years passed and the other dragon aspects saw him very little if any. When Alexstrasza was captured, another dragon went to attempt and get his help. He refused, however finally after much talking, he convinced him that she could use her abilities once rescued to regrant him his dragon flight. After a series of events she was rescued and upon the demon soul being destroyed he was regranted his dragon flight, which removed his insanity. He was granted them in small numbers, but the fact that they exist allow them to continue expanding and becoming more, which gave him hope after that point.
History
He was convinced by the old gods to create the dragon soul (which was later called the demon soul). He created the golden discs, and using a specific technique, forged them into existence. Originally all of the dragon aspects banded together to embue the dragon soul with there power, and the power of there dragon flights. Their original intent was to use this weapon to remove the threat of the burning legion. He changed suddenly, and during the middle of the war used its power to destroy a great amount of not only enemies, but night elves as well. The other dragon aspects could only watch in horror, as this happened. His betrayal, and his use of the power, transformed his body. It cracked open showing his heart as magma, and his blood running as rivers of lava. This is when he took on the name Deathwing. The old gods had originally manipulated him into created the demon stone and used him as a pawn for there evil bidding.
The old gods intended to use the demon soul to breach the gateway, getting them out of that plane and into another. After the events transpired that lead to the destruction of the demon soul, he swore to wreak havoc and destruction upon all kind from that point afterwards.
His current information is unknown. They know nothing about his current location, current activities, or current participations in the world. All they have to go on is rumors and speculations.
Abilities
* Control over land
* Control over sea
* Control over lava
* Live within high temperature areas (Volcanoes for example)
Full Story Information
The full story behind the Dragon Aspects takes places throughout certain books written by blizzard. The first books are called War of the Ancients Trilogy books and the second is Warcraft RPG: Shadow & Light.
See Also
* - Comprehensive Information
There were originally 5 dragons. Each dragon had a "dragon flight's" associated with its specific color. There colors are red, black, green, blue and bronze. The original purpose of the Dragon Aspects, was to watch over all of Kalimdor.
Alexstrasza - The Life-Binder
Basic Overview
Alexstrasza was considered the most powerful Dragon Aspect of them all. She was embued by the powers of the titan known as "Eonar" (patron of all life). Her sole purpose was to guard the people of Azeroth and to guarantee their safety. Her wisdom and overall compassion eventually granted her the title of "dragonqueen" and she was given rule over all of her race. Her main attributes are her compassion for all living life, her wisdom, and her leadership.
History
Her first notable act, was the fact that she helped to defeat the Burning Legion. After "the well" was created she named it the "Well of Eternity" and used it to create (and name) the new world tree "Nordrassil". After 10,000 years went by they were in the middle of the Second War. Somehow the Orcs of Dragonmaw clan captured Alexstrasza with the intent of using her and her consort as war mounts.
History
After the war of ancients, her sister (Alexstrasza) used her powers to bring forth a magical scorn from the second well of eternity. At this time Ysera used her abilities to enchant the tree so that it would be bound into the emerald dream as well as the original world. One of the time's she opened her eyes, was during the war of the ancients when her lover (Malorne) died. She also opened them a second time, during the Second War, when Krasus tried to convince her to help rescue her sister Alexstrasza. She was in the battle with her felow Dragon Aspects when they fought Deathwing.
History
He was one of the few dragons that participated in the "War of the Ancients". He enchanted the world tree "Nordrassil" so that as long as the tree stood the Night Elves would have the gift of eternal life. He also played other minor parts in the history, but he is generally unseen by the others and prefers more to watch as events transpire, but he barely ever gets involved. He is always there when a mage of any kind seek to destroy or hinder the timeline. This is where he is most notable, as that's one of his prime purposes of existence.
History
He was talked into, and participated when the dragons created the dragon soul. He was also responsible for convincing the other dragon aspects to aide Neltharion (who was later called deathwing). When the dragon soul was stolen he made an attempt to stop neltharion but it backfired, which took his dragonflight as well. After that he was struck with insanity because he no longer had his dragon flight and he took refuge in northrend (his lair) for a great period of time. Thousands of years passed and the other dragon aspects saw him very little if any. When Alexstrasza was captured, another dragon went to attempt and get his help. He refused, however finally after much talking, he convinced him that she could use her abilities once rescued to regrant him his dragon flight. After a series of events she was rescued and upon the demon soul being destroyed he was regranted his dragon flight, which removed his insanity. He was granted them in small numbers, but the fact that they exist allow them to continue expanding and becoming more, which gave him hope after that point.
History
He was convinced by the old gods to create the dragon soul (which was later called the demon soul). He created the golden discs, and using a specific technique, forged them into existence. Originally all of the dragon aspects banded together to embue the dragon soul with there power, and the power of there dragon flights. Their original intent was to use this weapon to remove the threat of the burning legion. He changed suddenly, and during the middle of the war used its power to destroy a great amount of not only enemies, but night elves as well. The other dragon aspects could only watch in horror, as this happened. His betrayal, and his use of the power, transformed his body. It cracked open showing his heart as magma, and his blood running as rivers of lava. This is when he took on the name Deathwing. The old gods had originally manipulated him into created the demon stone and used him as a pawn for there evil bidding.
The old gods intended to use the demon soul to breach the gateway, getting them out of that plane and into another. After the events transpired that lead to the destruction of the demon soul, he swore to wreak havoc and destruction upon all kind from that point afterwards.
His current information is unknown. They know nothing about his current location, current activities, or current participations in the world. All they have to go on is rumors and speculations.
Abilities
* Control over land
* Control over sea
* Control over lava
* Live within high temperature areas (Volcanoes for example)
Full Story Information
The full story behind the Dragon Aspects takes places throughout certain books written by blizzard. The first books are called War of the Ancients Trilogy books and the second is Warcraft RPG: Shadow & Light.
See Also
* - Comprehensive Information