Tox is a prolific and widely known graffiti tagger on the London Underground, active since 2000. His tag consists of TOX followed by the last two digits of the year (eg. TOX 02), and can be seen many hundreds of times across above-ground sections of the network in Central London, particularly the Metropolitan Line. In a British Transport Police press release, he was labeled "One of the Tube’s worst graffiti vandals".
In March 2004, 19 year old Daniel Halpin, from Stockwell, was fined and subjected to an Anti-Social Behaviour Order banning him from using the London Underground, after CCTV footage had shown him writing TOX 03 on a wall at Gloucester Road station. The incidence of TOX tags notably decreased for a time.
TOX 04 tags were seen on photos released by ABC of the trains affected by the 7 July 2005 London bombings.
There have since been sightings of TOX 05 tags on the Underground. TOX 06 tags are also visible in certain places, including Bristol, Leicester and Brighton. They can also be seen in places such as Loughborough Junction railway station, although whether these tags were written by the same person or not is disputed. Sightings of TOX 06 have been also been seen on the Paris Metro, with fellow taggers KIZ and SAVE - these can be seen on Line 3, actually tagged on the tunnel wall a few hundred metres down the line from the nearest station, near the Gallieni terminus and also on the RER Line B out of Gard du Nord. TOX 06 can be seen on the exterior of Northern Line and Metropolitan line trains, written in paint removing solvent to leave his mark. He has also been spotted in Amsterdam, along with fellow UK graffiti artists IROK and SAVE.
As of February 2007, TOX 07 tags have also appeared in the area of Farringdon station on the London Underground.
A TOX tag can also be seen in one of the toilets of the restaurant of the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors and in a restaurant in Southall, London where a TOX03 is on the toilet door.
In March 2004, 19 year old Daniel Halpin, from Stockwell, was fined and subjected to an Anti-Social Behaviour Order banning him from using the London Underground, after CCTV footage had shown him writing TOX 03 on a wall at Gloucester Road station. The incidence of TOX tags notably decreased for a time.
TOX 04 tags were seen on photos released by ABC of the trains affected by the 7 July 2005 London bombings.
There have since been sightings of TOX 05 tags on the Underground. TOX 06 tags are also visible in certain places, including Bristol, Leicester and Brighton. They can also be seen in places such as Loughborough Junction railway station, although whether these tags were written by the same person or not is disputed. Sightings of TOX 06 have been also been seen on the Paris Metro, with fellow taggers KIZ and SAVE - these can be seen on Line 3, actually tagged on the tunnel wall a few hundred metres down the line from the nearest station, near the Gallieni terminus and also on the RER Line B out of Gard du Nord. TOX 06 can be seen on the exterior of Northern Line and Metropolitan line trains, written in paint removing solvent to leave his mark. He has also been spotted in Amsterdam, along with fellow UK graffiti artists IROK and SAVE.
As of February 2007, TOX 07 tags have also appeared in the area of Farringdon station on the London Underground.
A TOX tag can also be seen in one of the toilets of the restaurant of the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors and in a restaurant in Southall, London where a TOX03 is on the toilet door.
The Memphis Outfit, also known as the The DeLuca Crime Family, is an organized crime organization within the national criminal phenomenon known as the Mafia or La Cosa Nostra. Based in Memphis, Tennessee, the group's illicit activities include labor racketeering, gambling, loansharking, extortion, murder for hire, solid and toxic waste dumping violations, construction, building and cement violations, fraud and wire fraud, hijacking, fencing, and importing drugs into Memphis.
References
Cord, Kelly R. 31 Mafia Cities, 2004
The Collierville Independent, 2007
References
Cord, Kelly R. 31 Mafia Cities, 2004
The Collierville Independent, 2007
Communication capabilities in vehicles are the basis of an envisioned Intelligent Vehicular AdHoc Network (InVANET) or Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Vehicles are enabled to communicate among themselves (vehicle-to-vehicle, V2V) and via roadside access points (vehicle-to-roadside, V2R).
Vehicular communication is expected to contribute to safer and more efficient roads by providing timely information to drivers, and also to make travel more convenient. The integration of V2V and V2R communication is beneficial due to the fact that V2R provides better service sparse networks and long distance communication, whereas V2V enables direct communication for small to medium distances/areas and at locations where roadside access points are not available.
For both, mobile ad hoc and infrastructure-based communication with mobile nodes, solutions exist and are applied to vehicular environments. For adhoc routing, position-based routing has emerged as a promising candidate. Likewise, for nfrastructurebased communication with mobile hosts, such as cellular networks, Mobile IPv6 represents a wellknown solution for mobility support based on IP addressing and packet forwarding. For integration of Mobile IPv6 and ad hoc routing a number of technical problems need to be solved, including the efficient distribution of router advertisements, selection of Internet gateways, and movement detection of the mobile node.
Currently there is ongoing research in the field of intelligent vehicular ad-hoc networks (InVANET) for several scenarios. The main interest is in applications for traffic scenarios, mobile phone systems, sensor networks and future combat systems. Recent research has focused on topology related problems such as range optimization, routing mechanisms, or address systems, as well as security issues like traceability or encryption. In addition, there are very specific research interests such as the effects of directional antennas for InVANETs and minimal power consumption for sensor networks. Most of this research aims either at a general approach to wireless networks in a broad setting or focus on an extremely specific issue.
Vehicular communication is expected to contribute to safer and more efficient roads by providing timely information to drivers, and also to make travel more convenient. The integration of V2V and V2R communication is beneficial due to the fact that V2R provides better service sparse networks and long distance communication, whereas V2V enables direct communication for small to medium distances/areas and at locations where roadside access points are not available.
For both, mobile ad hoc and infrastructure-based communication with mobile nodes, solutions exist and are applied to vehicular environments. For adhoc routing, position-based routing has emerged as a promising candidate. Likewise, for nfrastructurebased communication with mobile hosts, such as cellular networks, Mobile IPv6 represents a wellknown solution for mobility support based on IP addressing and packet forwarding. For integration of Mobile IPv6 and ad hoc routing a number of technical problems need to be solved, including the efficient distribution of router advertisements, selection of Internet gateways, and movement detection of the mobile node.
Currently there is ongoing research in the field of intelligent vehicular ad-hoc networks (InVANET) for several scenarios. The main interest is in applications for traffic scenarios, mobile phone systems, sensor networks and future combat systems. Recent research has focused on topology related problems such as range optimization, routing mechanisms, or address systems, as well as security issues like traceability or encryption. In addition, there are very specific research interests such as the effects of directional antennas for InVANETs and minimal power consumption for sensor networks. Most of this research aims either at a general approach to wireless networks in a broad setting or focus on an extremely specific issue.
Warren Alexander MacKenzie is a Canadian author and financial consultant.
MacKenzie is the author of several Canadian financial books, including the CARP Financial Planning Guide, A Second Opinion on Your Finances, and The Unbiased Advisor. He has appeared on numerous mainstream television programs, including a leading program on Canada’s Business News Network, Canada AM, and Money Sense.
Warren started his career as a teacher and later became a Chartered Accountant and Certified Financial Planner. He later became a Certified Investment Management Analyst. After more than 20 years in the finance business he started his own financial consulting firm where he offers unbiased second opinions on client investment portfolios.
MacKenzie is the author of several Canadian financial books, including the CARP Financial Planning Guide, A Second Opinion on Your Finances, and The Unbiased Advisor. He has appeared on numerous mainstream television programs, including a leading program on Canada’s Business News Network, Canada AM, and Money Sense.
Warren started his career as a teacher and later became a Chartered Accountant and Certified Financial Planner. He later became a Certified Investment Management Analyst. After more than 20 years in the finance business he started his own financial consulting firm where he offers unbiased second opinions on client investment portfolios.